Author: Kenneth George Reddington Publisher: ISBN: Category : High school students Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
The present study was undertaken to investigate the relationship of self-esteem and locus of control to defending behavior as perceived by classmates in junior high schools in Japan, and to examine the relationship of all three of these to school grades. Special attention was given to how the present test-centered education in junior high in Japan might be negatively affecting the self-concepts of the students. Girls with high self-esteem were picked as copers by their classmates and girls with low-esteem as defenders. Boys who see themselves as in control of their lives were picked more often by their peers as copers, and boys who consider their lives influenced by luck were picked as defenders. The relationship between self-esteem and locus of control was significant for both boys and girls. A strong relationship between defending behavior and low GPA was found for both boys and girls. Low self-esteem appeared related to low GPA for girls only, and a relationship between external locus of control and low GPA was found only for boys. The inter-action among defending behavior, self-esteem and locus of control in relation to GPA was not significant. An analysis of the self-esteem item-placement scores revealed significant differences between students in the high and low quartiles in defending behavior for 15 items, suggesting meaningful differences in the way these students see themselves. Low self-esteem students and high self-esteem students appeared significantly different in how they see themselves in 51 of the 53 Q-sort items, but their ideals were significantly different in only 12 items--suggesting that "low self-esteem" is affected more by negative attitude toward self than by higher than average ideals. Almost without exception, high self-esteem students, coping students, internal students, and students with higher grades put positive self-referent items closer to "like me" in the Q-sort than did students with the opposite characteristics. Low self-esteem girls who are defending and have low grades seemed to have very negative self-concepts, and to be using the defense of sensitization. Defending boys with external locus of control and low grades had self-Concepts similar to those of other boys, and seemed to be defending by repression. The findings were related to recent literature on guilt toward parents as a motive for studying in Japan, and to frustrated dependency wishes. The data suggested that the strong emphasis on academic achievement is harming the self-esteem of most of the students in the sample. The results suggest that an attempt to help defending boys with low grades in Japan should focus on helping them become more internal in locus of control. They suggest that attempts to help defending girls with low grades should be concentrated on helping them improve in self-esteem.
Author: Yoshio Sugimoto Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 113948947X Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 359
Book Description
Essential reading for students of Japanese society, An Introduction to Japanese Society now enters its third edition. Here, internationally renowned scholar, Yoshio Sugimoto, writes a sophisticated, yet highly readable and lucid text, using both English and Japanese sources to update and expand upon his original narrative. The book challenges the traditional notion that Japan comprises a uniform culture, and draws attention to its subcultural diversity and class competition. Covering all aspects of Japanese society, it includes chapters on class, geographical and generational variation, work, education, gender, minorities, popular culture and the establishment. This new edition features sections on: Japan's cultural capitalism; the decline of the conventional Japanese management model; the rise of the 'socially divided society' thesis; changes of government; the spread of manga, animation and Japan's popular culture overseas; and the expansion of civil society in Japan.
Author: Hiroshi Wagatsuma Publisher: University of California Press ISBN: 0520357302 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 464
Book Description
Modern Japanese share a myth to the effect that they harbor in their midst an inferior race less "human" than the stock that fathered their nation as a whole. These pariahs, numbering more than two million, are segregated by caste just as firmly as the Negro is in the United States. The present volume, to which several Japanese and American social scientists have contributed, offeres an interdisciplinary description and analysis of this strangely persistent phenomenon, inherited from feudal times. Its main thesis is that caste and racism are derivatives of identical psychological processes in human personality, however differently structure they may be in social institutions. It finds that what it terms status anxiety, related to defensively held social values, leads to a need to segregate disparaged parts of the population on grounds of innate inferiority. Until the time of their official emancipation in 1871, the so-called eta were distinguished visibly by their special garb. Today few clues to their identity are visible; yet, they remain a distinguishable, segregated segment of the population and bear inwardly, in a psychological sense, the stigma resulting from generations of oppression. This volume traces the story of the outcastes in complete detail--their origin, their stormy post-emancipation history, and their present leftist political significance. Large populations of outcasts live in urban ghettoes within the major cities of south-central Japan. In some of these metropolitan centers they comprise up to 5 percent of the population but contribute 60 to 65 percent of unemployment and relief roles. They have periodic trouble with the police; they manifest a delinquency rate more than three times that of the ordinary population; their children do poorly in school; they are subject to various forms of job discrimination; and few marriages are successfully consummated across the caste barrier. Some try to escape their past identity by becoming prostitutes or by entering the underworld. Those who survive discrimination to achieve status in society either live in fear of exposure [if they are "passing"] or overtly maintain their identity in proud isolation. Some who live in rural communities have achieved equal economic status with their neighbors but not full social acceptance. In their theoretical closing discussion the authors offer a challenging critique of Marxian class theory in introducing the concept of "expressive" exploitation--that is, the psychological use of a subordinate group as a repository of what is disavowed by the values of a culture in a caste society--as distinct in form and function from the "instrumental" economic or political exploitation of subjected minorities in class societies. Contributors:Gerald BerremanJohn B. CornellJohn DonoghueEdward NorbeckJohn PriceYuzuru SasakiGeorge O. Totten This title is part of UC Press's Voices Revived program, which commemorates University of California Press's mission to seek out and cultivate the brightest minds and give them voice, reach, and impact. Drawing on a backlist dating to 1893, Voices Revived makes high-quality, peer-reviewed scholarship accessible once again using print-on-demand technology. This title was originally published in 1966.
Author: Larry E. Beutler Publisher: Oxford University Press on Demand ISBN: 9780195105308 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 455
Book Description
From initial consultation to termination of treatment, psychologists and other mental health practitioners make a series of crucial decisions to determine the progress and therapy of the patient. These decisions have varied implications such as the clinical course of the patient, the efficacy and efficiency of the treatment, and the cost of the sessions. Thus, the decisions made by mental health professionals need to be accurate and consistent, respecting a series of guidelines that will ultimately benefit the patient. This is the first in a series of guidebooks that is designed to do just that by providing practitioners with some structure in the development of treatment programs. Previous guidelines have been based on consensus panels of experts or on the opinions of membership groups, causing guidelines to be very far off from the findings of empirical research. Here, guidelines are presented in terms of treatment principles rather than in terms of specific treatment models or theories, and they do not favor one theory of psychotherapy over another. Instead, they define strategies and considerations that can be woven into comprehensive treatment programs. The entire series of guidebooks will cover numerous topics, including anxiety disorders, drug abuse, alcohol abuse, and treatment of serious mental disorders. This volume will cover in detail the nature of depression, issues in treatment research, contemporary treatments, and implications for education and training. It is ideal for postgraduates and professionals in the mental health field and is intended to provide important background on treatment of non-bipolar depressive disorders.
Author: Robert J. Ursano Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107138493 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 367
Book Description
This book presents a decade of advances in the psychological, biological and social responses to disasters, helping medics and leaders prepare and react.
Author: Kenneth George Reddington
Author: Oregon State University
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Author: Juanita Jane Peterson
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Author: Yoshio Sugimoto
Author: Hiroshi Wagatsuma
Author: Larry E. Beutler
Author: Robert J. Ursano