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Author: Roland Rau Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540449027 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 221
Book Description
Seasonal fluctuations in mortality are a persistent phenomenon, but variations from culture to culture pose fascinating questions. This book investigates whether sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors play a role as important for seasonal mortality as they do for mortality in general. Using modern statistical methods, the book shows, for example, that in the United States the fluctuations between winter and summer mortality are smaller the more years someone has spent in school.
Author: Roland Rau Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540449027 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 221
Book Description
Seasonal fluctuations in mortality are a persistent phenomenon, but variations from culture to culture pose fascinating questions. This book investigates whether sociodemographic and socioeconomic factors play a role as important for seasonal mortality as they do for mortality in general. Using modern statistical methods, the book shows, for example, that in the United States the fluctuations between winter and summer mortality are smaller the more years someone has spent in school.
Author: Roland Rau Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319648209 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 175
Book Description
This book visualizes mortality dynamics in the Lexis diagram. While the standard approach of plotting death rates is also covered, the focus in this book is on the depiction of rates of mortality improvement over age and time. This rather novel approach offers a more intuitive understanding of the underlying dynamics, enabling readers to better understand whether period- or cohort-effects were instrumental for the development of mortality in a particular country. Besides maps for single countries, the book includes maps on the dynamics of selected causes of death in the United States, such as cardiovascular diseases or lung cancer. The book also features maps for age-specific contributions to the change in life expectancy, for cancer survival and for seasonality in mortality for selected causes of death in the United States. The book is accompanied by instructions on how to use the freely available R Software to produce these types of surface maps. Readers are encouraged to use the presented tools to visualize other demographic data or any event that can be measured by age and calendar time, allowing them to adapt the methods to their respective research interests. The intended audience is anyone who is interested in visualizing data by age and calendar time; no specialist knowledge is required. This book is open access under a CC BY license.
Author: Michael James Allen Publisher: ISBN: Category : Bioclimatology Languages : en Pages : 417
Book Description
Structured into three, interrelated projects, this dissertation is organized under the research themes of climate change and human mortality responses associated with heat and cold events. Using diverse, methodologies which incorporate spatiotemporal variability into seasonal definitions, consistent results were found pertaining to seasonal climate change. Climatological data for 60 U.S. locations was chosen for a lengthy period of record (1948-2012), and despite the various delineation methods, results generally indicate earlier starts to summer while winters have become shorter. Using percentile thresholds of daily mean apparent temperature, heat, extreme heat, cold, and extreme cold events (anomalous temperature events or ATEs) were defined and analyzed. In addition to increased frequency and duration, heat and extreme heat events have started earlier over the course of the year since 1948. Conversely, cold and extreme cold have shown the opposite with less frequent, shorter, and later occurring events taking place. While not directly explored, a relationship with ATEs and large-scale teleconnection patterns such as El Niño seems to exist. In bioclimatological research, human health responses have been associated with duration, intensity, and seasonal timing. When comparing mortality responses, a relatively unexplored method in climatology was introduced. More common in epidemiological research, a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNM) assessed the delayed, non-linear responses associated with environmental outcomes. In regards to both heat and cold events, greater risk was associated with early season events compared to later occurring ones. Elevated thresholds of extreme heat and extreme cold showed higher risks when compared to less extreme events. Geographic variability was also shown with higher risks for heat-related mortality in more northern locations while cold-related risks were higher in locations less accustomed to heat. Comparing mortality responses following ATEs, the consistent relationships were found, irrespective of seasonal and ATE definitions. Understanding the relationship between human health outcomes, changing seasons, and anomalous temperature events will remain an emphasis of future climate-health research. With projected changes to the climate system, future research may further examine differential responses which may be dependent on age, sex, cause of death, and race.
Author: Stephen D. Fretwell Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 9780691081069 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 252
Book Description
Most organisms live in a seasonal environment. During their life cycles, some species face seasons of cold and heat, aridity and abundant rainfall, migration and stable residence, breeding and nonbreeding. Populations grow and decline as supplies of materials essential to their survival wax and wane. Such qualitative truths as these flow obviously from field observations. In this original monograph, Stephen Fretwell analyzes the highly complex interaction between a population and a regularly varying environment in an attempt to define and measure seasonality as a critical parameter in the general theory of population regulation. Concerned primarily with the size and the habitat distribution of populations, Professor Fretwell develops simple models that, when applied to specific populations, usually of birds, demonstrate the effect of seasonal variations on the regulation of populations. He maintains that seasonality, as a concept, is essential to a full understanding of environmental interaction. During the course of his exposition, the author offers several new hypotheses, including theories affecting the breeding, numbers, distribution, and diversity of wintering birds, and a theory affecting the body size of sparrows.
Author: Tonya K. Davidson Publisher: University of Toronto Press ISBN: 1487594089 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 417
Book Description
Seasonal Sociology offers an engrossing and lively introduction to sociology through the seasons, examining the sociality of consumption practices, leisure activities, work, religious traditions, schooling, celebrations and holidays.
Author: Steven Johnson Publisher: Penguin ISBN: 0525538879 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 320
Book Description
“Offers a useful reminder of the role of modern science in fundamentally transforming all of our lives.” —President Barack Obama (on Twitter) “An important book.” —Steven Pinker, The New York Times Book Review The surprising and important story of how humans gained what amounts to an extra life, from the bestselling author of How We Got to Now and Where Good Ideas Come From In 1920, at the end of the last major pandemic, global life expectancy was just over forty years. Today, in many parts of the world, human beings can expect to live more than eighty years. As a species we have doubled our life expectancy in just one century. There are few measures of human progress more astonishing than this increased longevity. Extra Life is Steven Johnson’s attempt to understand where that progress came from, telling the epic story of one of humanity’s greatest achievements. How many of those extra years came from vaccines, or the decrease in famines, or seatbelts? What are the forces that now keep us alive longer? Behind each breakthrough lies an inspiring story of cooperative innovation, of brilliant thinkers bolstered by strong systems of public support and collaborative networks, and of dedicated activists fighting for meaningful reform. But for all its focus on positive change, this book is also a reminder that meaningful gaps in life expectancy still exist, and that new threats loom on the horizon, as the COVID-19 pandemic has made clear. How do we avoid decreases in life expectancy as our public health systems face unprecedented challenges? What current technologies or interventions that could reduce the impact of future crises are we somehow ignoring? A study in how meaningful change happens in society, Extra Life celebrates the enduring power of common goals and public resources, and the heroes of public health and medicine too often ignored in popular accounts of our history. This is the sweeping story of a revolution with immense public and personal consequences: the doubling of the human life span.
Author: Dean T. Jamison Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821363980 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 414
Book Description
Current data and trends in morbidity and mortality for the sub-Saharan Region as presented in this new edition reflect the heavy toll that HIV/AIDS has had on health indicators, leading to either a stalling or reversal of the gains made, not just for communicable disorders, but for cancers, as well as mental and neurological disorders.
Author: Roland Rau
Author: Roland Rau
Author: Masako Sakamoto-Momiyama
Author: Masako Momiyama
Author: Roland Rau
Author: Diane K. Brockman
Author: Michael James Allen
Author: Stephen D. Fretwell
Author: Tonya K. Davidson
Author: Steven Johnson
Author: Dean T. Jamison