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Author: Thomas S. Caldwell (Jr.) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 470
Book Description
A variety of experimental efforts are underway aimed towards direct detection of dark matter through observation of rare scattering of WIMPs in terrestrial detectors. Single phase liquid argon detectors are an appealing WIMP detection technique due to the scintillation properties of liquid argon and the scalability of the single phase approach. The MiniCLEAN dark matter detector is a single phase liquid argon scintillation scintillation detector with a 500 kg active mass. The modular design offers 4[pi] coverage with 92 optical cassettes, each containing TPB coated acrylic and a cryogenic photomultiplier tube. The MiniCLEAN detector has recently completed construction at SNOLAB. The detector is currently being commissioned, and will soon begin operation with the liquid argon target. Utilizing advanced pulse-shape discrimination techniques, MiniCLEAN will probe the WIMP-nucleon cross section parameter space to the level of 10-44 cm2 and demonstrate the pulse-shape discrimination required for next generation experiments capable of further probing the WIMP parameter space in search of WIMP dark matter.
Author: Thomas S. Caldwell (Jr.) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 470
Book Description
A variety of experimental efforts are underway aimed towards direct detection of dark matter through observation of rare scattering of WIMPs in terrestrial detectors. Single phase liquid argon detectors are an appealing WIMP detection technique due to the scintillation properties of liquid argon and the scalability of the single phase approach. The MiniCLEAN dark matter detector is a single phase liquid argon scintillation scintillation detector with a 500 kg active mass. The modular design offers 4[pi] coverage with 92 optical cassettes, each containing TPB coated acrylic and a cryogenic photomultiplier tube. The MiniCLEAN detector has recently completed construction at SNOLAB. The detector is currently being commissioned, and will soon begin operation with the liquid argon target. Utilizing advanced pulse-shape discrimination techniques, MiniCLEAN will probe the WIMP-nucleon cross section parameter space to the level of 10-44 cm2 and demonstrate the pulse-shape discrimination required for next generation experiments capable of further probing the WIMP parameter space in search of WIMP dark matter.
Author: Daniel E. Gastler Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 326
Book Description
Abstract: Within our current understanding of the makeup of the universe, dark matter makes up 25% of the total energy and over 80% of the matter in the universe. Little is known about the makeup of dark matter, but its existence has been indirectly measured using the rotation curves of galaxies, clusters of galaxies, and the Cosmic Microwave Background. To gain a greater understanding of this component of the universe, direct detection of dark matter is a major objective in particle astrophysics. One popular candidate for dark matter is the weakly interacting massive particle, or WIMP. The allowed rate of interaction between a WIMP and normal matter is extremely low, requiring new detection technologies with greater sensitivity to be explored. Though several experiments have already been conducted, no direct detection experiment has unambiguously identified a dark matter signal. This work explores the use of noble liquids, in a single liquid phase design, to detect single scatters of dark matter particles. The goal of current experiments is to investigate matter-dark-matter interaction cross-sections down to 10–45cm2. With that in mind, the MiniCLEAN detector has been designed with a 500 kg liquid argon detector volume and will be viewed by a spherical tt configuration of 92 photo-multiplier tubes. In order to determine the ability for single phase noble liquid to detect nuclear recoils from dark matter, several R&D experiments have been performed. These experiments undertook the measurement of how dark-matter-like nuclear recoils and background-like electronic recoils behave in liquid argon. In addition to reviewing the measurements of pulse shape discrimination and other noble liquid properties, my measurement of the scintillation efficiency is described. The scintillation efficiency characterizes the differing energy responses for nuclear and electron recoils. This was the first measurement of the scintillation efficiency in liquid argon for nuclear recoils over a wide energy range. Additionally, this work covers the design and testing of the front-end electronics and data acquisition software I developed for the MiniCLEAN experiment. This system has been designed to record and process thousands of physics events per second and has been tested using novel simulators, that I developed, that approximately represent the expected PMT signals of the MiniCLEAN detector.
Author: Yixiong Meng Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 217
Book Description
Cosmological and Astrophysical observations provide compelling evidences for the existence of dark matter in the universe. One class of dark matter candidates, the Weakly Interacting Massive Particles (WIMPs), has been predicted in many particle physics theories. Direct detection experiments using dual- phase liquid noble element detectors report the best sensitivities to the detection of the dark matter particles. The next generation direct detection experiments using the same technology, are actively been built and expected to give a factor of 100 improvement on the current best sensitivity. This thesis discusses the measurement of nuclear recoils in a dual-phase liquid argon detector using a bunched neutron beam generated by linear accelerator facility at accelerator laboratory in Notre Dame University. Nuclear recoils of en- ergy ranging from 10.8 keVnr to 49.9 keVnr are measured under different drift field configurations. An electric field quenching on nuclear recoils in liquid argon is dis- covered and quantified for the first time. This quenching effect is also found to be drift field and recoil energy dependent. By varying the drift field amplitude from 100 V/cm to 1000 V/cm for each nuclear recoil energy, the quenching effect are measured as a function of nuclear recoil energy and drift field amplitude. Results from this measurement is used in the direct dark matter detection experiment to calculate the final sensitivity of direct dark matter search. A separate work on the optimization of detector design for the XENON1T detector is also discussed in detail. Finite element simulation tool is used to design and optimize the electric field in XENON1T time projection chamber. As part of the design of XENON1T detector, electron transparency across metal grids of different geometrical configurations are also studied.
Author: Stephen H. Jaditz Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 193
Book Description
The existence of particle dark matter provides a consistent framework for understanding many astronomical observations. The rotation curves of galaxies and galaxyclusters, for example, indicate the majority of mass in these structures is unseen. The existence of weakly-interacting massive particles (WIMPs) was proposed in the early 1980s to account for the anomalous rotation curves and provide a mechanism for producing the cold dark matter relic density, which along with dark energy is thought to dominate the current energy density of our universe. Efforts to observe the rare interaction of WIMPs with normal matter have continued since their proposal, and so far have set limits on the WIMP-nucleon interaction cross-section extending to 1 x 10-9 pb. Contemporary experiments seek to observe ~ one WIMP-nucleus scatter per year per 100 kg of detector mass. These experiments must be conducted deep underground with stringent cleanliness requirements. The MiniCLEAN dark matter experiment is a single-phase liquid argon scintillation detector which uses the wavelength-shifting fluor tetraphenyl butadiene and cryogenic photomultiplier tubes for light detection. The active spherical region of the detector contains 500 kg of liquid argon at temperature 87 K. Background events which could mimic a WIMP signal are mitigated through pulse-shape discrimination and position reconstruction. At an intermediate stage of ongoing detector assembly 2 km underground at SNOLAB in Ontario, the complete instrumented inner vessel was commissioned by collecting photomultiplier waveform data for periods when the vessel was evacuated and when filled with warm argon gas. Alpha decay events from radon progeny on the wavelength-shifting surface occur in this data at a measured rate of 19.0 ± 0.4 /h/m2 MiniCLEAN's projected sensitivity to spin-independent WIMP-nucleon scattering, derived from simulation of this surface rate, is [sigma]SI
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Liquid argon is a bright scintillator with potent particle identification properties, making it an attractive target for direct-detection dark matter searches. The DarkSide-50 dark matter search here reports the first WIMP search results obtained using a target of low-radioactivity argon. DarkSide-50 is a dark matter detector, using a two-phase liquid argon time projection chamber, located at the Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The underground argon is shown to contain Ar39 at a level reduced by a factor (1.4 ± 0.2) × 103 relative to atmospheric argon. Here, we report a background-free null result from (2616 ± 43) kg d of data, accumulated over 70.9 live days. When combined with our previous search using an atmospheric argon, the 90% C.L. upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon spin-independent cross section, based on zero events found in the WIMP search regions, is 2.0 × 10-44 cm2 (8.6 × 10-44 cm2, 8.0 × 10-43 cm2) for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2 (1 TeV/c2, 10 TeV/c2).
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 23
Book Description
This report summarize the work of Task A and B for the period 2013-2016. For Task A the work is for direct detection of dark matter with the single-phase liquid argon experiment Mini-CLEAN. For Task B the work is for the search for new physics in the analysis of fluorescence events with the Auger experiment and for the search for the indirect detection of dark matter with the HAWC experiment.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Here, the DarkSide experiment is designed for the direct detection of Dark Matter with a double phase liquid Argon TPC operating underground at Laboratori Nazionali del Gran Sasso. The TPC is placed inside a 30 tons liquid organic scintillator sphere, acting as a neutron veto, which is in turn installed inside a 1 kt water Cherenkov detector. The current detector is running since November 2013 with a 50 kg atmospheric Argon fill and we report here the first null results of a Dark Matter search for a (1422 ± 67) kg.d exposure. This result correspond to a 90% CL upper limit on the WIMP-nucleon cross section of 6.1 × 10-44 cm2 (for a WIMP mass of 100 GeV/c2) and it's currently the most sensitive limit obtained with an Argon target.
Author: Anyssa Navrer-Agasson Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The existence of dark matter is known because of its gravitational effects, and although its nature remains undisclosed, one of the leading candidate is the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) with mass of the order of 100 GeV/c2 and coupling with ordinary matter at or below the weak scale. In this context, DarkSide-50 aims to direct observe WIMP-nucleon collisions in a liquid argon dual phase time-projection chamber located deep underground at Gran Sasso National Laboratory, in Italy. This work first details the argon calibration realised by the ARIS experiment. ARIS characterised the argon response to low energy nuclear and electronic recoils, down to unprecedented energies. The nuclear quenching was measured with the best precision to this date, and the recombination probability extracted was compared to different models describing the behaviour of argon in presence of an electric field. A search for low mass WIMPs performed with DarkSide-50 data is also presented. This search focuses on the ionisation signal from the TPC, leading much to much lower detection threshold. The achieved exclusion limits are amongst the leading ones, and the most stringent for a liquid argon target. Finally a preliminary search for axions is presented. Axions are an alternative candidate to dark matter, proposed as a solution to the strong CP problem. They are detectable in DarkSide via their coupling to electrons. This search required the improvement of the modelling of the background sources, by taking into account atomic effects in beta emission spectra, as well as a redefinition of the energy scale converting the energy deposited into a number of extracted electrons. The results presented show an encouraging sensitivity to both solar and galactic axions.
Author: Elena Aprile Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 3527609636 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 362
Book Description
This book discusses the physical properties of noble fluids, operational principles of detectors based on these media, and the best technical solutions to the design of these detectors. Essential attention is given to detector technology: purification methods and monitoring of purity, information readout methods, electronics, detection of hard ultra-violet light emission, selection of materials, cryogenics etc. The book is mostly addressed to physicists and graduate students involved in the preparation of fundamental next generation experiments, nuclear engineers developing instrumentation for national nuclear security and for monitoring nuclear materials.
Author: Thomas S. Caldwell (Jr.)
Author: Thomas S. Caldwell (Jr.)
Author: Daniel E. Gastler
Author: Yixiong Meng
Author: Stephen H. Jaditz
Author: 
Author: 
Author: 
Author: Anyssa Navrer-Agasson
Author: Gianfranco Bertone
Author: Elena Aprile