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Author: Nancy Scherer Publisher: Stanford University Press ISBN: 9780804749497 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
This book explores how the lower federal court appointment process became vastly politicized in the modern era. Scherer develops a theory of elite mobilization, positing that lower court appointments have always been used by politicians for electoral purposes, but because of two historic changes to American institutions in the 1950s and 1960sthe breakdown of the old party system, and a federal judiciary reception to expanding individuals constitutional rightspoliticians shifted from an appointment system dominated by patronage to a system dominated by new policy-oriented appointment strategies. The use of these new strategies not only resulted in partisan warfare during the nomination and confirmation stages of the appointment process, but also led to party-polarized voting in the lower federal courts. Employing exclusive data of judicial decision-making from the New Deal era through the present, Scherer demonstrates that there was little party-polarized voting in the lower federal courts until the late 1960s, and that once politicians began to use elite mobilization strategies, significant party-polarized voting in the lower federal courts resulted. Accordingly, elite mobilization strategies have affected not only politics in Washington, but also the way justice is distributed across the country.
Author: Nancy Scherer Publisher: Stanford University Press ISBN: 9780804749497 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 290
Book Description
This book explores how the lower federal court appointment process became vastly politicized in the modern era. Scherer develops a theory of elite mobilization, positing that lower court appointments have always been used by politicians for electoral purposes, but because of two historic changes to American institutions in the 1950s and 1960sthe breakdown of the old party system, and a federal judiciary reception to expanding individuals constitutional rightspoliticians shifted from an appointment system dominated by patronage to a system dominated by new policy-oriented appointment strategies. The use of these new strategies not only resulted in partisan warfare during the nomination and confirmation stages of the appointment process, but also led to party-polarized voting in the lower federal courts. Employing exclusive data of judicial decision-making from the New Deal era through the present, Scherer demonstrates that there was little party-polarized voting in the lower federal courts until the late 1960s, and that once politicians began to use elite mobilization strategies, significant party-polarized voting in the lower federal courts resulted. Accordingly, elite mobilization strategies have affected not only politics in Washington, but also the way justice is distributed across the country.
Author: Clive Humby Publisher: Kogan Page Publishers ISBN: 0749460121 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
Scoring Points is the compelling and dramatic inside story, told from a project point of view, of how the Tesco Clubcard was conceived, launched and developed. It explains in detail how Tesco collected, analysed and used customer data to become a retail giant, making customer loyalty marketing work when almost every other programme failed. By pairing its loyalty scheme with sophisticated information technology, Tesco set a new standard for knowing your customer. Scoring Points is one of the seminal marketing books of the last decade. A fascinating tale of what can be achieved through vision, a strong team ethic and a company-wide commitment to customer satisfaction, it is an inspirational read for anyone in business, from junior marketers or salespersons working in an FMCG environment, to any practitioner looking to better analyse their customer base.
Author: Gary D. Gerson Publisher: Lulu.com ISBN: 0615244572 Category : Sports & Recreation Languages : en Pages : 209
Book Description
Gary Gerson led an uneventful life growing up Jewish in East Tennessee. This changed when he decided to walk onto the Vanderbilt football team with no prior experience, beginning a lifelong love for the game with four years of exhilaration and heartbreak. After juggling the challenges of infatuation, a bowl game, a major steroid scandal and ultimate dishonor at Vandy, Gerson's journeys brought him close to danger in Africa and India, a brush with the Yeti in the Himalaya, and more football in Amsterdam. When he fell in love with Shelley while teaching at the prestigious Cranbrook Kingswood School in Michigan, his journey for meaning took a sharp turn as she revealed her painful secret. Using his wife's triumphs and challenges as motivation, Gerson stepped back onto the football field at the age of 31 in Canada, scoring points along the way to his final personal victory. This book contains frank discussions about sex, relationships, love, AIDS, and death, but it is appropriate for all ages.
Author: Gary G. Brannigan Publisher: Charles C Thomas Publisher ISBN: 0398083622 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 155
Book Description
With increased interest in predicting and ultimately preventing academic failure in children comes the need for effective preschool and primary school assessment. The first step in developing an effective assessment program is to select tests that will yield data needed for individual decision making. One factor that has been shown to contribute to the prediction of children’s academic achievement is visual-motor-integration skill. The Qualitative Scoring System for the Modified Version of the Bender-Gestalt Test was developed in the 1980s to measure visual-motor-integration skill in preschool and early elementary school children. The assessment instrument utilizes six of the nine Bender-Gestalt Test designs, which are copied by the child. It may be administered in either individual or group format. The scoring system involves a six-point scale used to judge the overall quality of each design. Examiners will find the assessment instrument easy to administer, score, and interpret. Further, research has shown that the assessment instrument is a reliable and valid predictor of school achievement. This book will describe the development and refinement of the Qualitative Scoring System for the Modified Version of the Bender-Gestalt Test. In addition, it will provide detailed information and guidelines for administering, scoring, and interpreting the test. Specifically, there are separate chapters on administration and scoring, standardization and norming, reliability and validity, and interpretation. In short, the book contains everything psychologists and educational specialists need to know to use the Qualitative Scoring System for the Modified Version of the Bender-Gestalt Test.
Author: Blaine Moore Publisher: Midcoast Publishing ISBN: Category : Sports & Recreation Languages : en Pages : 50
Book Description
Are you a first time race director? Do you know what runners expect when they come to your race? Have you organized or directed a handful of races and now feel that you’ve “been there, done that?” Are you ready for something new to get yourself excited about putting on a new event? In this book, we explore 2 dozen ways to score a race, whether it's a single race for an individual runner, a series of races, or a team effort. It even includes some alternative ways to structure your race to create a truly niche product. This book covers every method from the most basic to the most esoteric, so that you can find the most appropriate and most fair way to determine the standings for your race's finishers.
Author: Beata Beigman Klebanov Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3031021827 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 294
Book Description
This book discusses the state of the art of automated essay scoring, its challenges and its potential. One of the earliest applications of artificial intelligence to language data (along with machine translation and speech recognition), automated essay scoring has evolved to become both a revenue-generating industry and a vast field of research, with many subfields and connections to other NLP tasks. In this book, we review the developments in this field against the backdrop of Elias Page's seminal 1966 paper titled "The Imminence of Grading Essays by Computer." Part 1 establishes what automated essay scoring is about, why it exists, where the technology stands, and what are some of the main issues. In Part 2, the book presents guided exercises to illustrate how one would go about building and evaluating a simple automated scoring system, while Part 3 offers readers a survey of the literature on different types of scoring models, the aspects of essay quality studied in prior research, and the implementation and evaluation of a scoring engine. Part 4 offers a broader view of the field inclusive of some neighboring areas, and Part \ref{part5} closes with summary and discussion. This book grew out of a week-long course on automated evaluation of language production at the North American Summer School for Logic, Language, and Information (NASSLLI), attended by advanced undergraduates and early-stage graduate students from a variety of disciplines. Teachers of natural language processing, in particular, will find that the book offers a useful foundation for a supplemental module on automated scoring. Professionals and students in linguistics, applied linguistics, educational technology, and other related disciplines will also find the material here useful.
Author: Duanli Yan Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351264788 Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
"Automated scoring engines [...] require a careful balancing of the contributions of technology, NLP, psychometrics, artificial intelligence, and the learning sciences. The present handbook is evidence that the theories, methodologies, and underlying technology that surround automated scoring have reached maturity, and that there is a growing acceptance of these technologies among experts and the public." From the Foreword by Alina von Davier, ACTNext Senior Vice President Handbook of Automated Scoring: Theory into Practice provides a scientifically grounded overview of the key research efforts required to move automated scoring systems into operational practice. It examines the field of automated scoring from the viewpoint of related scientific fields serving as its foundation, the latest developments of computational methodologies utilized in automated scoring, and several large-scale real-world applications of automated scoring for complex learning and assessment systems. The book is organized into three parts that cover (1) theoretical foundations, (2) operational methodologies, and (3) practical illustrations, each with a commentary. In addition, the handbook includes an introduction and synthesis chapter as well as a cross-chapter glossary.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Command of troops Languages : en Pages : 154
Book Description
"This project sought to examine and improve the reliability of the scoring systems for three instruments which have been used in previous Army leadership research. Review of existing literature and interviews with project staff participating in prior research provided initial information concerning the strengths and weaknesses of the scoring systems for the three instruments. This information was used to recommend modifications to the original scoring systems. Six individuals were trained to use the modified scoring systems. The modified scoring systems were evaluated by rescoring responses randomly selected from the sample which had been scored according to the scoring systems originally developed for the leadership research program. Reliability estimates for the three modified scoring systems were consistently strong and showed improvements over those obtained through the original scoring systems. Interrater agreement indices were significant for nearly all ratings. Validity estimates provided evidence that each modified instrument was moderately to highly correlated with conceptually similar scores generated through the original scoring scheme. The report recommends use of the revised rating systems in future research to improve the quality of measurement from the three predictors."--DTIC.
Author: Nancy Scherer
Author: Nancy Scherer
Author: Patricia F. Saiki
Author: Clive Humby
Author: Gary D. Gerson
Author: Gary G. Brannigan
Author: 
Author: Blaine Moore
Author: Beata Beigman Klebanov
Author: Duanli Yan
Author: