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Author: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Science and Technology Committee Publisher: ISBN: Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 122
Book Description
This report presents the Committee's findings on the operation of the scientific advisory system as a whole. It builds on the case studies covered in three previous reports on MRI safety, the illegal drugs classification, and ID card technologies. The Committee recommends that the role of Government Chief Scientific Adviser (GCSA) be split from that of Head of the Office of Science and Innovation, to enable full attention to be given to the GCSA's cross-departmental functions. The GCSA would be better placed in a department, such as the Cabinet Office, which has cross-departmental responsibilities. The establishment of departmental CSAs is welcomed, but more needs to be done to ensure they maximize their contribution to strategic decision making and policy development within departments. The report also recommends the establishment of a Government Scientific Service to enhance scientific support in the civil service, and calls for greater involvement of learned societies and professional bodies in the advisory system. The Committee wants greater public investment in research to underpin evidence-based policy making, with the establishment of a cross-departmental fund to commission independent research. The short-term nature of the political cycle should be counterbalanced by embedding horizon scanning into the policy-making process. Transparency in policy making has improved, but more could be done. Valuable work on risk should be continued, and responsible coverage of risk by the media should be encouraged by greater involvement of departmental CSAs and greater clarity and consistency in public communication.
Author: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Science and Technology Committee Publisher: ISBN: Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 122
Book Description
This report presents the Committee's findings on the operation of the scientific advisory system as a whole. It builds on the case studies covered in three previous reports on MRI safety, the illegal drugs classification, and ID card technologies. The Committee recommends that the role of Government Chief Scientific Adviser (GCSA) be split from that of Head of the Office of Science and Innovation, to enable full attention to be given to the GCSA's cross-departmental functions. The GCSA would be better placed in a department, such as the Cabinet Office, which has cross-departmental responsibilities. The establishment of departmental CSAs is welcomed, but more needs to be done to ensure they maximize their contribution to strategic decision making and policy development within departments. The report also recommends the establishment of a Government Scientific Service to enhance scientific support in the civil service, and calls for greater involvement of learned societies and professional bodies in the advisory system. The Committee wants greater public investment in research to underpin evidence-based policy making, with the establishment of a cross-departmental fund to commission independent research. The short-term nature of the political cycle should be counterbalanced by embedding horizon scanning into the policy-making process. Transparency in policy making has improved, but more could be done. Valuable work on risk should be continued, and responsible coverage of risk by the media should be encouraged by greater involvement of departmental CSAs and greater clarity and consistency in public communication.
Author: Great Britain. Parliament House of Commons. Science and Technology Committee Publisher: ISBN: 9780215031136 Category : Languages : en Pages : 211
Book Description
Scientific advice, risk and evidence-based policy Making : Seventh report of session 2005-06, Vol. 2: Oral and written Evidence
Author: William Smith Publisher: ISBN: Category : Public administration Languages : en Pages : 226
Book Description
This report characterizes the international responses to the changing demands on the science policy process. Chapter 1 discusses the role of science advice in government decision making with regard to such issues as the science/policy interface, the decision-making environment, internal procedures & outside advice, quality control, risk assessment, science communications, and science in a social context. Chapters 2 & 3 review the key elements of different systems of science advising, best practices, and approaches to risk assessment & public communications in the European Union, New Zealand, the Nordic Union, the United Kingdom, the United States, Australia, the World Bank, and national science academies. Chapter 4 contains case studies that examine the effective use of different principles for the incorporation of science into decision making. The final chapter reviews the main points & lessons learned.
Author: Great Britain. Government Publisher: ISBN: 9780215032744 Category : Great Britain Languages : en Pages : 31
Book Description
The document sets out the Government's response to the Committee's report (HCP 900-I, session 2005-06; ISBN 9780215031204) published in November 2006, in which the Committee examined the operation of the scientific advisory system, drawing on the case studies covered in three previous reports on MRI safety, the illegal drugs classification, and ID card technologies.
Author: Peter Weingart Publisher: Verlag Barbara Budrich ISBN: 3866497687 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 164
Book Description
Are there connections between the structures of political systems and types of scientific advice to policymak - ing? This volume unites case studies from the Netherlands, France, the European Union and the USA that provide an overview of different institutional arrangements, focusing on issues such as the independence and balance of advice. Common to all is the question which forms of advice can increase the rationality of policymaking without loss of political legitimacy. From the Contents: Mark B. Brown: Federal Advisory Committees in the United States Paul den Hoed and Anne-Greet Keizer: The Scientific Council for Government Policy David Demortain: Designing Regulatory Tools for Pharmaceutical and Food Safety in the European Union Laurent Geffroy, Odile Piriou and Bénédicte Zimmermann: Scientific Expertise in Policy-Making: The Case of Work Policy in France Willem Halffman: The Dutch ́ ́Planning Bureaus ́ ́
Author: Heather E. Douglas Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Pre ISBN: 082297357X Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 227
Book Description
The role of science in policymaking has gained unprecedented stature in the United States, raising questions about the place of science and scientific expertise in the democratic process. Some scientists have been given considerable epistemic authority in shaping policy on issues of great moral and cultural significance, and the politicizing of these issues has become highly contentious. Since World War II, most philosophers of science have purported the concept that science should be "value-free." In Science, Policy and the Value-Free Ideal, Heather E. Douglas argues that such an ideal is neither adequate nor desirable for science. She contends that the moral responsibilities of scientists require the consideration of values even at the heart of science. She lobbies for a new ideal in which values serve an essential function throughout scientific inquiry, but where the role values play is constrained at key points, thus protecting the integrity and objectivity of science. In this vein, Douglas outlines a system for the application of values to guide scientists through points of uncertainty fraught with moral valence.Following a philosophical analysis of the historical background of science advising and the value-free ideal, Douglas defines how values should-and should not-function in science. She discusses the distinctive direct and indirect roles for values in reasoning, and outlines seven senses of objectivity, showing how each can be employed to determine the reliability of scientific claims. Douglas then uses these philosophical insights to clarify the distinction between junk science and sound science to be used in policymaking. In conclusion, she calls for greater openness on the values utilized in policymaking, and more public participation in the policymaking process, by suggesting various models for effective use of both the public and experts in key risk assessments.
Author: Vladimir Sucha Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0128225963 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 288
Book Description
Science for Policy Handbook provides advice on how to bring science to the attention of policymakers. This resource is dedicated to researchers and research organizations aiming to achieve policy impacts. The book includes lessons learned along the way, advice on new skills, practices for individual researchers, elements necessary for institutional change, and knowledge areas and processes in which to invest. It puts co-creation at the centre of Science for Policy 2.0, a more integrated model of knowledge-policy relationship. Covers the vital area of science for policymaking Includes contributions from leading practitioners from the Joint Research Centre/European Commission Provides key skills based on the science-policy interface needed for effective evidence-informed policymaking Presents processes of knowledge production relevant for a more holistic science-policy relationship, along with the types of knowledge that are useful in policymaking
Author: Kathleen Hall Jamieson Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190497629 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 513
Book Description
On topics from genetic engineering and mad cow disease to vaccination and climate change, this Handbook draws on the insights of 57 leading science of science communication scholars who explore what social scientists know about how citizens come to understand and act on what is known by science.
Author: Sheila Jasanoff Publisher: Harvard University Press ISBN: 0674264754 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 297
Book Description
How can decisionmakers charged with protecting the environment and the public’s health and safety steer clear of false and misleading scientific research? Is it possible to give scientists a stronger voice in regulatory processes without yielding too much control over policy, and how can this be harmonized with democratic values? These are just some of the many controversial and timely questions that Sheila Jasanoff asks in this study of the way science advisers shape federal policy. In their expanding role as advisers, scientists have emerged as a formidable fifth branch of government. But even though the growing dependence of regulatory agencies on scientific and technical information has granted scientists a greater influence on public policy, opinions differ as to how those contributions should be balanced against other policy concerns. More important, who should define what counts as good science when all scientific claims incorporate social factors and are subject to negotiation? Jasanoff begins by describing some significant failures—such as nitrites, Love Canal, and alar—in administrative and judicial decisionmaking that fed the demand for more peer review of regulatory science. In analyzing the nature of scientific claims and methods used in policy decisions, she draws comparisons with the promises and limitations of peer review in scientific organizations operating outside the regulatory context. The discussion of advisory mechanisms draws on the author’s close scrutiny of two highly visible federal agencies—the Environmental Protection Agency and the Food and Drug Administration. Here we see the experts in action as they deliberate on critical issues such as clean air, pesticide regulation, and the safety of pharmaceuticals and food additives. Jasanoff deftly merges legal and institutional analysis with social studies of science and presents a strong case for procedural reforms. In so doing, she articulates a social-construction model that is intended to buttress the effectiveness of the fifth branch.
Author: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Science and Technology Committee
Author: Great Britain. Parliament. House of Commons. Science and Technology Committee
Author: Great Britain. Parliament House of Commons. Science and Technology Committee
Author: William Smith
Author: Great Britain. Government
Author: Peter Weingart
Author: 
Author: Heather E. Douglas
Author: Vladimir Sucha
Author: Kathleen Hall Jamieson
Author: Sheila Jasanoff