Author: Thamer Alhazzaa
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 365686280X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 111
Book Description
Project Report from the year 2014 in the subject Computer Science - Internet, New Technologies, grade: A, , course: Projects in Computer Information Systems Capstone Course, language: English, abstract: The business world is rapidly changing. The principal reason of this persistent change is, without a doubt, the technology. Not only theoretically, by adding new terminologies to the business Wiki and archiving numerous financial eBooks on Kindle libraries, but also virtually, by flourishing small businesses and terminating other top market value ones, the Internet, in particular, has redefined the word ‘business’. eCommerce “Electronic Commerce” and eAuction “Electronic Auction” are just examples of the effects of the Internet on modern businesses and corporations. There are many reasons why both individuals and organizations conduct their businesses online these days. From an individual’s perspective, convenience is one important reason why a college student who doesn’t have a car may consider Amazon over Wal-Mart to purchase a new 55-inch T.V. Another reason is the ability to make comparisons among a wide range of similar products and competitor merchants. On the other hand, organizations have found a new market on the Internet. In fact, the competition has compelled them to find new opportunities online. For this project, I have researched and investigated the reasons behind the slow eBusiness development in Saudi Arabia. Since an eGovernment program, Yesser Program, has already been started in Saudi Arabia, my concentration has been on the eCommerce portion and specifically on the eAuction topic to analyze whether or not there is an opportunity to start a Saudi version of eBay.
Saudi eBay Project: eBusiness, eCommerce and eAuction in Saudi Arabia
Author: Thamer Alhazzaa
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 365686280X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 111
Book Description
Project Report from the year 2014 in the subject Computer Science - Internet, New Technologies, grade: A, , course: Projects in Computer Information Systems Capstone Course, language: English, abstract: The business world is rapidly changing. The principal reason of this persistent change is, without a doubt, the technology. Not only theoretically, by adding new terminologies to the business Wiki and archiving numerous financial eBooks on Kindle libraries, but also virtually, by flourishing small businesses and terminating other top market value ones, the Internet, in particular, has redefined the word ‘business’. eCommerce “Electronic Commerce” and eAuction “Electronic Auction” are just examples of the effects of the Internet on modern businesses and corporations. There are many reasons why both individuals and organizations conduct their businesses online these days. From an individual’s perspective, convenience is one important reason why a college student who doesn’t have a car may consider Amazon over Wal-Mart to purchase a new 55-inch T.V. Another reason is the ability to make comparisons among a wide range of similar products and competitor merchants. On the other hand, organizations have found a new market on the Internet. In fact, the competition has compelled them to find new opportunities online. For this project, I have researched and investigated the reasons behind the slow eBusiness development in Saudi Arabia. Since an eGovernment program, Yesser Program, has already been started in Saudi Arabia, my concentration has been on the eCommerce portion and specifically on the eAuction topic to analyze whether or not there is an opportunity to start a Saudi version of eBay.
Publisher: GRIN Verlag
ISBN: 365686280X
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 111
Book Description
Project Report from the year 2014 in the subject Computer Science - Internet, New Technologies, grade: A, , course: Projects in Computer Information Systems Capstone Course, language: English, abstract: The business world is rapidly changing. The principal reason of this persistent change is, without a doubt, the technology. Not only theoretically, by adding new terminologies to the business Wiki and archiving numerous financial eBooks on Kindle libraries, but also virtually, by flourishing small businesses and terminating other top market value ones, the Internet, in particular, has redefined the word ‘business’. eCommerce “Electronic Commerce” and eAuction “Electronic Auction” are just examples of the effects of the Internet on modern businesses and corporations. There are many reasons why both individuals and organizations conduct their businesses online these days. From an individual’s perspective, convenience is one important reason why a college student who doesn’t have a car may consider Amazon over Wal-Mart to purchase a new 55-inch T.V. Another reason is the ability to make comparisons among a wide range of similar products and competitor merchants. On the other hand, organizations have found a new market on the Internet. In fact, the competition has compelled them to find new opportunities online. For this project, I have researched and investigated the reasons behind the slow eBusiness development in Saudi Arabia. Since an eGovernment program, Yesser Program, has already been started in Saudi Arabia, my concentration has been on the eCommerce portion and specifically on the eAuction topic to analyze whether or not there is an opportunity to start a Saudi version of eBay.
Saudi EBay Project: EBusiness, ECommerce and EAuction in Saudi Arabia
Saudi Ebay Project
Author: Thamer Alhazzaa
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783656862819
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112
Book Description
Project Report from the year 2014 in the subject Computer Science - Internet, New Technologies, grade: A, course: Projects in Computer Information Systems Capstone Course, language: English, abstract: The business world is rapidly changing. The principal reason of this persistent change is, without a doubt, the technology. Not only theoretically, by adding new terminologies to the business Wiki and archiving numerous financial eBooks on Kindle libraries, but also virtually, by flourishing small businesses and terminating other top market value ones, the Internet, in particular, has redefined the word 'business'. eCommerce "Electronic Commerce" and eAuction "Electronic Auction" are just examples of the effects of the Internet on modern businesses and corporations. There are many reasons why both individuals and organizations conduct their businesses online these days. From an individual's perspective, convenience is one important reason why a college student who doesn't have a car may consider Amazon over Wal-Mart to purchase a new 55-inch T.V. Another reason is the ability to make comparisons among a wide range of similar products and competitor merchants. On the other hand, organizations have found a new market on the Internet. In fact, the competition has compelled them to find new opportunities online. For this project, I have researched and investigated the reasons behind the slow eBusiness development in Saudi Arabia. Since an eGovernment program, Yesser Program, has already been started in Saudi Arabia, my concentration has been on the eCommerce portion and specifically on the eAuction topic to analyze whether or not there is an opportunity to start a Saudi version of eBay.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9783656862819
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 112
Book Description
Project Report from the year 2014 in the subject Computer Science - Internet, New Technologies, grade: A, course: Projects in Computer Information Systems Capstone Course, language: English, abstract: The business world is rapidly changing. The principal reason of this persistent change is, without a doubt, the technology. Not only theoretically, by adding new terminologies to the business Wiki and archiving numerous financial eBooks on Kindle libraries, but also virtually, by flourishing small businesses and terminating other top market value ones, the Internet, in particular, has redefined the word 'business'. eCommerce "Electronic Commerce" and eAuction "Electronic Auction" are just examples of the effects of the Internet on modern businesses and corporations. There are many reasons why both individuals and organizations conduct their businesses online these days. From an individual's perspective, convenience is one important reason why a college student who doesn't have a car may consider Amazon over Wal-Mart to purchase a new 55-inch T.V. Another reason is the ability to make comparisons among a wide range of similar products and competitor merchants. On the other hand, organizations have found a new market on the Internet. In fact, the competition has compelled them to find new opportunities online. For this project, I have researched and investigated the reasons behind the slow eBusiness development in Saudi Arabia. Since an eGovernment program, Yesser Program, has already been started in Saudi Arabia, my concentration has been on the eCommerce portion and specifically on the eAuction topic to analyze whether or not there is an opportunity to start a Saudi version of eBay.
The Liability of Internet Intermediaries
Author: Jaani Riordan
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198719779
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 705
Book Description
Internet intermediaries play a central role in modern commerce and the dissemination of ideas. Although their economic and social importance is well-recognized, their legal liability remains poorly understood, and, until now, no work has specifically addressed their legal responsibility for wrongdoing carried out by third parties using their facilities or platforms. This work fills that gap by providing comprehensive coverage of the legal duties owed by intermediaries and the increasingly complex schemes that regulate their activities. The first part of the work introduces the concept of an internet intermediary, general doctrines of primary and secondary liability, and the European enforcement regime. The second part examines the liability of intermediaries in specific areas of law, with a detailed analysis of the applicable liability rules, and the major English case law, and decisions of the Court of Justice that interpret and apply them. The final part of the work provides guidance on remedies and limitations. Written by an expert author from the intellectual property chambers at 8 New Square, Lincoln's Inn, this is an essential guide for lawyers advising on IP matters and disputes involving internet content.
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0198719779
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 705
Book Description
Internet intermediaries play a central role in modern commerce and the dissemination of ideas. Although their economic and social importance is well-recognized, their legal liability remains poorly understood, and, until now, no work has specifically addressed their legal responsibility for wrongdoing carried out by third parties using their facilities or platforms. This work fills that gap by providing comprehensive coverage of the legal duties owed by intermediaries and the increasingly complex schemes that regulate their activities. The first part of the work introduces the concept of an internet intermediary, general doctrines of primary and secondary liability, and the European enforcement regime. The second part examines the liability of intermediaries in specific areas of law, with a detailed analysis of the applicable liability rules, and the major English case law, and decisions of the Court of Justice that interpret and apply them. The final part of the work provides guidance on remedies and limitations. Written by an expert author from the intellectual property chambers at 8 New Square, Lincoln's Inn, this is an essential guide for lawyers advising on IP matters and disputes involving internet content.
The Big Bamboozle
Author: Philip Marshall
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781468094589
Category : Conspiracies
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
From the perspective of a Boeing 767 captain and former "special activities" contract pilot, Philip Marshall straps the reader into the cockpits of hijacked commercial airliners to tell the story of the most sophisticated terrorist attack in history. Based on a comprehensive ten-year study into the murders of his fellow pilots on 9/11, he explains how hijackers, novice pilots at the controls of massive guided missiles, were able to beat United States Air Force fighters to iconic targets with advanced maneuvering, daring speeds and a kamikaze finish. But, as Marshall explains, the tactical plan was so precise that it rules out car-bombers and shoe-bombers known as al Qaeda, KSM and Osama bin Laden. So then, who was it? That''s what you are about learn. Backed by official NTSB, FAA and black box recordings, Marshall finds the most capable and most documented group of conspirators buried deep within a Congressional Inquiry''s report and retraces their work in gripping detail. Fasten your seatbelt--- the sad truth is that all of the solid evidence points to a dark collaboration between members of the Bush Administration and a covert group of Saudi government officials. This is a game changer that will finally set the record straight on the most horrific crime in US history.This book is a compilation of official reports that disputes the Bush Administration, the Bush Intelligence Community and the American media''s account of the 9/11 attack. United States Senator Bob Graham''s Congressional Joint Inquiry in 2002 revealed that Saudi Arabian Intelligence agents met the 9/11 hijackers in the Los Angeles in January of 2000, harbored them and led them to 18 months of flight training in Florida and Arizona. Marshall follows reports from FBI field agents that warned George W. Bush''s Administration that a "cadre of individuals of investigative interest were engaged in flight training" in the Arizona desert in the spring of 2001. Marshall identifies three top federal investigators who complained that Dick Cheney obstructed justice by refusing access to suspects who supposedly confessed to the greatest crime in U.S. history. None of the federal investigators were ever allowed to verify the confession of Khalid Sheik Mohammed who had been water boarded over 180 times at Guantanamo detention facility. The book disputes the video and media confession of Osama bin Laden and points out that none of the accusations by the Bush Administration could be proved. Marshall asserts that the Saudi government was the true executioners of the 9/11 attack and framed their enemies while CIA special operations set up an elaborate decoy named Osama bin Laden to divert attention away from the Saudi operation. He follows the hijackers to flight training airports and finds that Saudi agents led the hijackers to the Arizona desert where Boeing 757 and Boeing 767 airliners were parked at a secluded CIA operated airport. The operators of the CIA airport were traced to suspicious insider stock trades on two airlines, United Airlines and American Airlines, the only two airlines used in the 9/11 attack. Marshall breaks down the tactical flight plan that was used by the hijackers and chronicles the actions of Condoleezza Rice, Donald Rumsfeld, Saudi Arabian Prince Bandar bin Sultan, Dick Cheney and George W. Bsuh to learn that their account of the attack was severely flawed. Three top investigators wrote that Dick Cheney had obstructed the investigation and redacted the involvement of the Saudi government agents who were employed in California by the Saudi Civil Aviation authority. The Congressional Inquiry reported that the Saudi agents had "seemingly unlimited funding from Saudi Arabia" and had traced the hijacker financial support to Prince Bandar through a Riggs Bank account. Finally Marshall chronicles the media trial that allowed Bush and Cheney to derail American Justice by trying the 9/11 case with media propaganda and away from the American federal court system.
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781468094589
Category : Conspiracies
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
From the perspective of a Boeing 767 captain and former "special activities" contract pilot, Philip Marshall straps the reader into the cockpits of hijacked commercial airliners to tell the story of the most sophisticated terrorist attack in history. Based on a comprehensive ten-year study into the murders of his fellow pilots on 9/11, he explains how hijackers, novice pilots at the controls of massive guided missiles, were able to beat United States Air Force fighters to iconic targets with advanced maneuvering, daring speeds and a kamikaze finish. But, as Marshall explains, the tactical plan was so precise that it rules out car-bombers and shoe-bombers known as al Qaeda, KSM and Osama bin Laden. So then, who was it? That''s what you are about learn. Backed by official NTSB, FAA and black box recordings, Marshall finds the most capable and most documented group of conspirators buried deep within a Congressional Inquiry''s report and retraces their work in gripping detail. Fasten your seatbelt--- the sad truth is that all of the solid evidence points to a dark collaboration between members of the Bush Administration and a covert group of Saudi government officials. This is a game changer that will finally set the record straight on the most horrific crime in US history.This book is a compilation of official reports that disputes the Bush Administration, the Bush Intelligence Community and the American media''s account of the 9/11 attack. United States Senator Bob Graham''s Congressional Joint Inquiry in 2002 revealed that Saudi Arabian Intelligence agents met the 9/11 hijackers in the Los Angeles in January of 2000, harbored them and led them to 18 months of flight training in Florida and Arizona. Marshall follows reports from FBI field agents that warned George W. Bush''s Administration that a "cadre of individuals of investigative interest were engaged in flight training" in the Arizona desert in the spring of 2001. Marshall identifies three top federal investigators who complained that Dick Cheney obstructed justice by refusing access to suspects who supposedly confessed to the greatest crime in U.S. history. None of the federal investigators were ever allowed to verify the confession of Khalid Sheik Mohammed who had been water boarded over 180 times at Guantanamo detention facility. The book disputes the video and media confession of Osama bin Laden and points out that none of the accusations by the Bush Administration could be proved. Marshall asserts that the Saudi government was the true executioners of the 9/11 attack and framed their enemies while CIA special operations set up an elaborate decoy named Osama bin Laden to divert attention away from the Saudi operation. He follows the hijackers to flight training airports and finds that Saudi agents led the hijackers to the Arizona desert where Boeing 757 and Boeing 767 airliners were parked at a secluded CIA operated airport. The operators of the CIA airport were traced to suspicious insider stock trades on two airlines, United Airlines and American Airlines, the only two airlines used in the 9/11 attack. Marshall breaks down the tactical flight plan that was used by the hijackers and chronicles the actions of Condoleezza Rice, Donald Rumsfeld, Saudi Arabian Prince Bandar bin Sultan, Dick Cheney and George W. Bsuh to learn that their account of the attack was severely flawed. Three top investigators wrote that Dick Cheney had obstructed the investigation and redacted the involvement of the Saudi government agents who were employed in California by the Saudi Civil Aviation authority. The Congressional Inquiry reported that the Saudi agents had "seemingly unlimited funding from Saudi Arabia" and had traced the hijacker financial support to Prince Bandar through a Riggs Bank account. Finally Marshall chronicles the media trial that allowed Bush and Cheney to derail American Justice by trying the 9/11 case with media propaganda and away from the American federal court system.
The Unicorn Project
Author: Gene Kim
Publisher: IT Revolution
ISBN: 1942788770
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 499
Book Description
The Phoenix Project wowed over a half-million readers. Now comes the Wall Street Journal Bestselling Wall Street Journal bestselling The Unicorn Project! “The Unicorn Project is amazing, and I loved it 100 times more than The Phoenix Project…”—FERNANDO CORNAGO, Senior Director Platform Engineering, Adidas “Gene Kim does a masterful job of showing how … the efforts of many create lasting business advantages for all.”—DR. STEVEN SPEAR, author of The High-Velocity Edge, Sr. Lecturer at MIT, and principal of HVE LLC. “The Unicorn Project is so clever, so good, so crazy enlightening!”––CORNELIA DAVIS, Vice President Of Technology at Pivotal Software, Inc., Author of Cloud Native Patterns This highly anticipated follow-up to the bestselling title The Phoenix Project takes another look at Parts Unlimited, this time from the perspective of software development. In The Unicorn Project, we follow Maxine, a senior lead developer and architect, as she is exiled to the Phoenix Project, to the horror of her friends and colleagues, as punishment for contributing to a payroll outage. She tries to survive in what feels like a heartless and uncaring bureaucracy and to work within a system where no one can get anything done without endless committees, paperwork, and approvals. One day, she is approached by a ragtag bunch of misfits who say they want to overthrow the existing order, to liberate developers, to bring joy back to technology work, and to enable the business to win in a time of digital disruption. To her surprise, she finds herself drawn ever further into this movement, eventually becoming one of the leaders of the Rebellion, which puts her in the crosshairs of some familiar and very dangerous enemies. The Age of Software is here, and another mass extinction event looms—this is a story about rebel developers and business leaders working together, racing against time to innovate, survive, and thrive in a time of unprecedented uncertainty...and opportunity. “The Unicorn Project provides insanely useful insights on how to improve your technology business.”—DOMINICA DEGRANDIS, author of Making Work Visible and Director of Digital Transformation at Tasktop ——— “My goal in writing The Unicorn Project was to explore and reveal the necessary but invisible structures required to make developers (and all engineers) productive, and reveal the devastating effects of technical debt and complexity. I hope this book can create common ground for technology and business leaders to leave the past behind, and co-create a better future together.”—Gene Kim, November 2019
Publisher: IT Revolution
ISBN: 1942788770
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 499
Book Description
The Phoenix Project wowed over a half-million readers. Now comes the Wall Street Journal Bestselling Wall Street Journal bestselling The Unicorn Project! “The Unicorn Project is amazing, and I loved it 100 times more than The Phoenix Project…”—FERNANDO CORNAGO, Senior Director Platform Engineering, Adidas “Gene Kim does a masterful job of showing how … the efforts of many create lasting business advantages for all.”—DR. STEVEN SPEAR, author of The High-Velocity Edge, Sr. Lecturer at MIT, and principal of HVE LLC. “The Unicorn Project is so clever, so good, so crazy enlightening!”––CORNELIA DAVIS, Vice President Of Technology at Pivotal Software, Inc., Author of Cloud Native Patterns This highly anticipated follow-up to the bestselling title The Phoenix Project takes another look at Parts Unlimited, this time from the perspective of software development. In The Unicorn Project, we follow Maxine, a senior lead developer and architect, as she is exiled to the Phoenix Project, to the horror of her friends and colleagues, as punishment for contributing to a payroll outage. She tries to survive in what feels like a heartless and uncaring bureaucracy and to work within a system where no one can get anything done without endless committees, paperwork, and approvals. One day, she is approached by a ragtag bunch of misfits who say they want to overthrow the existing order, to liberate developers, to bring joy back to technology work, and to enable the business to win in a time of digital disruption. To her surprise, she finds herself drawn ever further into this movement, eventually becoming one of the leaders of the Rebellion, which puts her in the crosshairs of some familiar and very dangerous enemies. The Age of Software is here, and another mass extinction event looms—this is a story about rebel developers and business leaders working together, racing against time to innovate, survive, and thrive in a time of unprecedented uncertainty...and opportunity. “The Unicorn Project provides insanely useful insights on how to improve your technology business.”—DOMINICA DEGRANDIS, author of Making Work Visible and Director of Digital Transformation at Tasktop ——— “My goal in writing The Unicorn Project was to explore and reveal the necessary but invisible structures required to make developers (and all engineers) productive, and reveal the devastating effects of technical debt and complexity. I hope this book can create common ground for technology and business leaders to leave the past behind, and co-create a better future together.”—Gene Kim, November 2019
Time
Author: Briton Hadden
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Current events
Languages : en
Pages : 798
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Current events
Languages : en
Pages : 798
Book Description
Motion Performance: Tales of a Muscle Car Builder
Author: Martyn L. Schorr
Publisher:
ISBN: 1616730447
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 178
Book Description
Publisher:
ISBN: 1616730447
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 178
Book Description
Islamic Algorithms
Author: Gary R. Bunt
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1350418285
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Book Description
This book examines how Islam is digitally mediated at a time of technological change, enhanced digital literacy and proactive engagement in Islamic online content by authorities and influencers. What is the impact of this on societies, believers and understandings of Islam? Islamic Algorithms provides a thorough exploration of Cyber Islamic Environments (CIEs) through representations of significant historical and religious influences across contexts and diversities. This ranges from jinn and angels through to contemporary influencers. Gary R. Bunt raises issues of how digital content is embedded in contemporary understandings of Islam and their dissemination. Bunt shows how the interpretation of pivotal figures in Islam – including Muhammad and his family, scholars and imams – can be informed by new generations of digital influences, such as apps and social networking, which have become primary sources of information for many Muslims globally.
Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing
ISBN: 1350418285
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Book Description
This book examines how Islam is digitally mediated at a time of technological change, enhanced digital literacy and proactive engagement in Islamic online content by authorities and influencers. What is the impact of this on societies, believers and understandings of Islam? Islamic Algorithms provides a thorough exploration of Cyber Islamic Environments (CIEs) through representations of significant historical and religious influences across contexts and diversities. This ranges from jinn and angels through to contemporary influencers. Gary R. Bunt raises issues of how digital content is embedded in contemporary understandings of Islam and their dissemination. Bunt shows how the interpretation of pivotal figures in Islam – including Muhammad and his family, scholars and imams – can be informed by new generations of digital influences, such as apps and social networking, which have become primary sources of information for many Muslims globally.
Working Effectively with Legacy Code
Author: Michael Feathers
Publisher: Prentice Hall Professional
ISBN: 0132931753
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 457
Book Description
Get more out of your legacy systems: more performance, functionality, reliability, and manageability Is your code easy to change? Can you get nearly instantaneous feedback when you do change it? Do you understand it? If the answer to any of these questions is no, you have legacy code, and it is draining time and money away from your development efforts. In this book, Michael Feathers offers start-to-finish strategies for working more effectively with large, untested legacy code bases. This book draws on material Michael created for his renowned Object Mentor seminars: techniques Michael has used in mentoring to help hundreds of developers, technical managers, and testers bring their legacy systems under control. The topics covered include Understanding the mechanics of software change: adding features, fixing bugs, improving design, optimizing performance Getting legacy code into a test harness Writing tests that protect you against introducing new problems Techniques that can be used with any language or platform—with examples in Java, C++, C, and C# Accurately identifying where code changes need to be made Coping with legacy systems that aren't object-oriented Handling applications that don't seem to have any structure This book also includes a catalog of twenty-four dependency-breaking techniques that help you work with program elements in isolation and make safer changes.
Publisher: Prentice Hall Professional
ISBN: 0132931753
Category : Computers
Languages : en
Pages : 457
Book Description
Get more out of your legacy systems: more performance, functionality, reliability, and manageability Is your code easy to change? Can you get nearly instantaneous feedback when you do change it? Do you understand it? If the answer to any of these questions is no, you have legacy code, and it is draining time and money away from your development efforts. In this book, Michael Feathers offers start-to-finish strategies for working more effectively with large, untested legacy code bases. This book draws on material Michael created for his renowned Object Mentor seminars: techniques Michael has used in mentoring to help hundreds of developers, technical managers, and testers bring their legacy systems under control. The topics covered include Understanding the mechanics of software change: adding features, fixing bugs, improving design, optimizing performance Getting legacy code into a test harness Writing tests that protect you against introducing new problems Techniques that can be used with any language or platform—with examples in Java, C++, C, and C# Accurately identifying where code changes need to be made Coping with legacy systems that aren't object-oriented Handling applications that don't seem to have any structure This book also includes a catalog of twenty-four dependency-breaking techniques that help you work with program elements in isolation and make safer changes.