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Author: Olivia Catherine Enos Publisher: ISBN: Category : Asia Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
This paper seeks to answer core questions about the development of the informal economy. More specifically, it asks why the leadership in North Korea allows informal economic activities to continue despite the fact that an emerging market economy poses a potentially existential threat to the survival of the Kim regime?
Author: Olivia Catherine Enos Publisher: ISBN: Category : Asia Languages : en Pages : 70
Book Description
This paper seeks to answer core questions about the development of the informal economy. More specifically, it asks why the leadership in North Korea allows informal economic activities to continue despite the fact that an emerging market economy poses a potentially existential threat to the survival of the Kim regime?
Author: U S Military Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: 9781092881074 Category : Languages : en Pages : 94
Book Description
This study seeks to address how to overcome the economic divide that separates North and South Korea should reunification transpire. The focus of this study will be centered on two aspects of the North Korean economy lagging behind South Korea. The first is the gap of development in industry, agriculture, national infrastructure, and education. The second area of focus will be the economic and governance costs that international sanctions have imposed on North Korea. International sanctions have been shown to cause the following: increased disputes; erosion of governance capacity; empowering of anti-reform leaders and factions; disempowering of civil society; increased likelihood of violence; potential humanitarian effects; and detrimental economic impacts on the country, region, and its allies. Findings show that North Korean economic policy decisions are largely responsible for the DPRK's economic plight. Since the division between North and South Korea, DPRK leadership has consistently enacted economic policy decisions that can be characterized as short-sighted. These policy decisions often ignore, or are unaware of, the long-term consequences that they will create. While short-sighted, they are consistent in an attempt to maintain self-sufficiency despite a growing sense of insecurity. Decisions to maintain a strong military industrial complex and pursue nuclear weapons have resulted in international and economic isolation.This compilation includes a reproduction of the 2019 Worldwide Threat Assessment of the U.S. Intelligence Community.I. Introduction * A. Major Research Question and Findings * B. Significance of the Research Question * C. Literature Review * 1. Definition of Unification and Unification Costs * 2. Unification Scenarios * 3. The German Reunification Experience * 4. Sanctions and Inducements * D. Potential Explanations and Hypotheses * E. Research Design * F. Study Overview and Draft Chapter Outline * II. The North Korean Economy * A. Division of the Korean Peninsula * 1. North and South Divided * 2. Lasting Effects of the Korean War on the North Korean Political Economy * B. "Plan-Less" Planned Economy * C. Economic Collapse * 1. Famine and Economic Break Down * 2. Rise of the Informal Economy * III. Sanctions and North Korea * A. Why Are Sanctions Implemented? * B. When Are Sanctions Most Effective? * C. Sanctions Against North Korea and Iran * 1. Iranian Sanctions * 2. North Korean Sanctions * D. Sanctions Impact Upon North Korea * IV. Economics Analysis for Reunification * A. North/South Economic Strategies * B. East-West German Reunification Experience * C. Economic Costs for Reunification of the Peninsula * D. Conclusions * V. ConclusionsFor many Koreans, unification of the North and South remains highly desirable. This was recently evidenced during the 2018 Winter Olympics with the North and South Koreans marching together under the Korean Unification Flag. The desire for unification in-part stems from a shared history, culture, language, familial ties, and oppression. However, unification of the Korean Peninsula requires that several major obstacles be overcome to ensure an orderly transition under unified rule. One central obstacle that must be overcome for peaceful unification to occur is the ever-growing economic divide between North and South Korea. While the international community has voiced their support of a peaceful unification scenario between the North and South, the economic burden would largely fall upon South Korea. Failure to bridge the economic divide could trigger famine, mass emigration, or violence to occur.
Author: Franziska Ohnsorge Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464817545 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 397
Book Description
A large percentage of workers and firms operate in the informal economy, outside the line of sight of governments in emerging market and developing economies. This may hold back the recovery in these economies from the deep recessions caused by the COVID-19 pandemic--unless governments adopt a broad set of policies to address the challenges of widespread informality. This study is the first comprehensive analysis of the extent of informality and its implications for a durable economic recovery and for long-term development. It finds that pervasive informality is associated with significantly weaker economic outcomes--including lower government resources to combat recessions, lower per capita incomes, greater poverty, less financial development, and weaker investment and productivity.
Author: Byung-Yeon Kim Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107183790 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 343
Book Description
A comprehensive, systematic analysis of the North Korean economy, exposing its hidden workings through quantitative data analysis and surveys.
Author: Stephan Haggard Publisher: Columbia University Press ISBN: 0231140002 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
"In their carefully researched book, Stephan Haggard and Marcus Noland present the most comprehensive account of the famine to date, examining not only the origins and aftermath of the crisis but also the regime's response to outside aid and the effect of its current policies on the country's economic future. Their study begins by considering the root causes of the famine, weighing the effects of the decline in the availability of food against its poor distribution. Then it takes a close look at the aid effort, addressing the difficulty of monitoring assistance within the country, and concludes with an analysis of current economic reforms and strategies of engagement."--BOOK JACKET.
Author: Andrei Lankov Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0199390037 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 350
Book Description
In The Real North Korea, Lankov substitutes cold, clear analysis for the overheated rhetoric surrounding this opaque police state. Based on vast expertise, this book reveals how average North Koreans live, how their leaders rule, and how both survive
Author: John V. Parachini Publisher: ISBN: 9781977405531 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 124
Book Description
The authors examine (1) experiences of different communist regimes to forecast North Korean adoption of a new economic model; (2) what might happen if conventional deterrence fails on the Peninsula; and (3) why North Korea might use nuclear weapons.
Author: Congressional Research Congressional Research Service Publisher: CreateSpace ISBN: 9781512273342 Category : Languages : en Pages : 34
Book Description
North Korea has presented one of the most vexing and persistent problems in U.S. foreign policy in the post-Cold War period. The United States has never had formal diplomatic relations with the Democratic People's Republic of Korea (the official name for North Korea), although contact at a lower level has ebbed and flowed over the years. Negotiations over North Korea's nuclear weapons program have occupied the past three U.S. administrations, even as some analysts anticipated a collapse of the isolated authoritarian regime. North Korea has been the recipient of over $1 billion in U.S. aid (though none since 2009) and the target of dozens of U.S. sanctions.
Author: Friedrich Schneider Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1107034841 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 225
Book Description
This book presents new data to give an overview of shadow economies from OECD countries and propose solutions to prevent illicit work.
Author: Guillermo Perry Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821370936 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 270
Book Description
Analyzes informality in Latin America, exploring root causes and reasons for and implications of its growth. This book uses two distinct but complementary lenses. It concludes that reducing informality levels and overcoming the "culture of informality" will require actions to increase aggregate productivity in the economy.
Author: Olivia Catherine Enos
Author: Olivia Catherine Enos
Author: U S Military
Author: Franziska Ohnsorge
Author: Byung-Yeon Kim
Author: Stephan Haggard
Author: Andrei Lankov
Author: John V. Parachini
Author: Congressional Research Congressional Research Service
Author: Friedrich Schneider
Author: Guillermo Perry