Salmon Intensification and Changing Household Organization in the Kodiak Archipelago PDF Download

Author: Megan A. (Ann) Partlow
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Archipelagoes
Languages : en
Pages : 280

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Author: T. Max Friesen
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190602821
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 1001

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The North American Arctic was one of the last regions on Earth to be settled by humans, due to its extreme climate, limited range of resources, and remoteness from populated areas. Despite these factors, it holds a complex and lengthy history relating to Inuit, Iñupiat, Inuvialuit, Yup'ik and Aleut peoples and their ancestors. The artifacts, dwellings, and food remains of these ancient peoples are remarkably well-preserved due to cold temperatures and permafrost, allowing archaeologists to reconstruct their lifeways with great accuracy. Furthermore, the combination of modern Elders' traditional knowledge with the region's high resolution ethnographic record allows past peoples' lives to be reconstructed to a level simply not possible elsewhere. Combined, these factors yield an archaeological record of global significance--the Arctic provides ideal case studies relating to issues as diverse as the impacts of climate change on human societies, the complex process of interaction between indigenous peoples and Europeans, and the dynamic relationships between environment, economy, social organization, and ideology in hunter-gatherer societies. In the The Oxford Handbook of the Prehistoric Arctic, each arctic cultural tradition is described in detail, with up-to-date coverage of recent interpretations of all aspects of their lifeways. Additional chapters cover broad themes applicable to the full range of arctic cultures, such as trade, stone tool technology, ancient DNA research, and the relationship between archaeology and modern arctic communities. The resulting volume, written by the region's leading researchers, contains by far the most comprehensive coverage of arctic archaeology ever assembled.

Author: Madonna L. Moss
Publisher: University of Alaska Press
ISBN: 1602231478
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 326

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For thousands of years, fisheries were crucial to the sustenance of the First Peoples of the Pacific Coast. Yet human impact has left us with a woefully incomplete understanding of their histories prior to the industrial era. Covering Alaska, British Columbia, and Puget Sound, The Archaeology of North Pacific Fisheries illustrates how the archaeological record reveals new information about ancient ways of life and the histories of key species. Individual chapters cover salmon, as well as a number of lesser-known species abundant in archaeological sites, including pacific cod, herring, rockfish, eulachon, and hake. In turn, this ecological history informs suggestions for sustainable fishing in today’s rapidly changing environment.

Author: Ben Fitzhugh
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1461501377
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 154

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Book Description
This book makes a contribution to the developing field of complex hunter-gatherer studies with an archaeological analysis of the development of one such group. It examines the evolution of complex hunter-gatherers on the North Pacific coast of Alaska. It is one of the first books available to examine in depth the social evolution of a specific complex hunter-gatherer tradition on the North Pacific Rim and will be of interest to professional archaeologists, anthropologists, and students of archaeology and anthropology.

Author: Mirjana Roksandic
Publisher: UNM Press
ISBN: 0826354572
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 416

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The excavation of shell middens and mounds is an important source of information regarding past human diet, settlement, technology, and paleoenvironments. The contributors to this book introduce new ways to study shell-matrix sites, ranging from the geochemical analysis of shellfish to the interpretation of human remains buried within. Drawing upon examples from around the world, this is one of the only books to offer a global perspective on the archaeology of shell-matrix sites. “A substantial contribution to the literature on the subject and . . . essential reading for archaeologists and others who work on this type of site.”—Barbara Voorhies, University of California, Santa Barbara, author of Coastal Collectors in the Holocene: The Chantuto People of Southwest Mexico

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 640

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Author: Brian Walter Hoffman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aleutian Islands (Alaska)
Languages : en
Pages : 470

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"A fundamental goal in archaeology is explaining bow and why human societies evolved from simple, small-scale groups into our complex, modern world. Crucial to this goal are studies focused on transegalitarian societies - those complex hunter-gatherer and simple farming communities that were neither strictly egalitarian nor highly stratified in their social relations. Many researchers believe the archaeological remains of these societies hold the keys to understanding the processes that led to the emergence of social inequality and increased cultural complexity. This dissertation contributes to the study of transegalitarian socio-political processes by investigating the relationships between economy, status competition, and corporate groups at Agayadan Village, an eastern Aleut settlement abandoned during the 18th century AD. The eastern Aleuts at the time of contact were politically and socially complex maritime foragers with ascribed social classes and ranked lineages whose members occupied large, multifamily dwellings. Agayadan, located on Unimak Island, Alaska, contains the remains of at least 20 of these communal houses. My research addresses two issues. The first issue concerns understanding the organization of Agayadan's multifamily households particularly the relationship between the individual families and the larger corporate group. My investigative strategy utilized large block excavations with high definition methods. The spatial distributions of features, artifacts, and soil chemistry signatures demonstrate a basic division between communal space and family compartments. The centrally located communal space was dominated by cooking facilities (hearths and roasting pits) shared by all families. Each nuclear family, however, maintained their own storage facilities and workspace associated with a segmented sleeping area along the house walls. The workshops contained manufacturing debris and tools indicating activities like sewing, stone tool production, and woodworking were undertaken by each family. The similarities in the workshop assemblages suggest there was minimal economic specialization among household members. These findings contradict the argument that multifamily households form where large labor forces were required. The Agayadan villagers did not move into larger households strictly for reasons of economic efficiency, given the evidence for economic independence among household members social and political motivations, like elite competition for followers, warfare related concerns, and the need to symbolize and strengthen social bonds in eastern Aleut villages, likely factored into their decision to live in multifamily houses. The second dissertation issue centers on the relationships between house/lineage size and economic activities, wealth, and status. These relationships are explored through the comparative analyses of assemblages recovered from small, medium, and large houses. The Agayadan villagers organized their houses in a similar fashion regardless of size. Each excavated house contained the same aggregate of facilities, workshops, and family compartments. The largest house, however, had the highest frequency of personal adornment objects, which is consistent with the ethnohistoric observation that a household's status was based on its size. The occupants of the largest house were also more involved in accumulating surpluses, as indicated by the abundance of salmon remains and storage facilities. Finally, the larger household emphasized the production of prestige goods from locally available materials, like ivory, limestone, and animal skins, presumably for exchange outside the village. The amber beads, slate knives, obsidian bifaces, and other exotic goods received in return were widely distributed within the community, and not hoarded by Agayadan's high status household. These behaviors are consistent with a 'social banker' strategy where elite lineages compete for status by working harder, P3 producing an excess of foods and materials, which they then use in alliance building, feasting, and celebrations in a social display of their power and prestige. Agayadan's large household maintained their power and status by controlling prestige goods production and redistributing valuable exotics, not by controlling subsistence resources and exploiting low status households. The Agayadan archaeological record is an outstanding example of transegalitarian elites converting their labor and material wealth into social capital and political power. In a real sense, Agayadan's elite manufactured their prestige"--Leaves i-iii

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 816

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Canada
Languages : en
Pages : 422

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Book Description
Provides historical coverage of the United States and Canada from prehistory to the present. Includes information abstracted from over 2,000 journals published worldwide.

Author: Richard K. Nelson
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022676785X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 325

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"Nelson spent a year among the Koyukon people of western Alaska, studying their intimate relationship with animals and the land. His chronicle of that visit represents a thorough and elegant account of the mystical connection between Native Americans and the natural world."—Outside "This admirable reflection on the natural history of the Koyukon River drainage in Alaska is founded on knowledge the author gained as a student of the Koyukon culture, indigenous to that region. He presents these Athapascan views of the land—principally of its animals and Koyukon relationships with those creatures—together with a measured account of his own experiences and doubts. . . . For someone in search of a native American expression of 'ecology' and natural history, I can think of no better place to begin than with this work."—Barry Lopez, Orion Nature Quarterly "Far from being a romantic attempt to pass on the spiritual lore of Native Americans for a quick fix by others, this is a very serious ethnographic study of some Alaskan Indians in the Northern Forest area. . . . He has painstakingly regarded their views of earth, sky, water, mammals and every creeping thing that creepeth upon the earth. He does admire their love of nature and spirit. Those who see the world through his eyes using their eyes will likely come away with new respect for the boreal forest and those who live with it and in it, not against it."—The Christian Century "In Make Prayers to the Raven Nelson reveals to us the Koyukon beliefs and attitudes toward the fauna that surround them in their forested habitat close to the lower Yukon. . . . Nelson's presentation also gives rich insights into the Koyukon subsistence cycle through the year and into the hardships of life in this northern region. The book is written with both brain and heart. . . . This book represents a landmark: never before has the integration of American Indians with their environment been so well spelled out."—Ake Hultkrantz, Journal of Forest History