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Author: Paul E. Dwyer Publisher: Nova Publishers ISBN: 9781590338964 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. Prior to 1969, Congress did so by enacting stand-alone legislation. From 1789 through 1968, Congress raised its pay 22 times using this procedure. Congressional salaries initially were USD1,500. By 1968, they had risen to USD30,000. Stand-alone legislation may still be used to raise Member pay, as it was most recently in 1982, 1983, 1989, and 1991, but two other methods are now also available, an automatic annual adjustment procedure and a commission process. Contents: Preface; Salaries of Members of Congress: Payable Rates and Effective Dates, 1789-2003; Salaries of Members of Congress: Congressional Votes, 1990-2003; Salaries of Members of Congress: Current Procedures and Recent Adjustments; Index.
Author: Paul E. Dwyer Publisher: Nova Publishers ISBN: 9781590338964 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 96
Book Description
Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. Prior to 1969, Congress did so by enacting stand-alone legislation. From 1789 through 1968, Congress raised its pay 22 times using this procedure. Congressional salaries initially were USD1,500. By 1968, they had risen to USD30,000. Stand-alone legislation may still be used to raise Member pay, as it was most recently in 1982, 1983, 1989, and 1991, but two other methods are now also available, an automatic annual adjustment procedure and a commission process. Contents: Preface; Salaries of Members of Congress: Payable Rates and Effective Dates, 1789-2003; Salaries of Members of Congress: Congressional Votes, 1990-2003; Salaries of Members of Congress: Current Procedures and Recent Adjustments; Index.
Author: Ida Brudnick Publisher: The Capitol Net Inc ISBN: 1587332159 Category : Languages : en Pages : 301
Book Description
Congress is required by Article I, Section 6, of the Constitution to determine its own pay. Prior to 1969, Congress did so by enacting stand-alone legislation. From 1789 through 1968, Congress raised its pay 22 times using this procedure. Members were initially paid per diem. The first annual salaries, in 1815, were $1,500. Per diem pay was reinstituted in 1817. Congress returned to annual salaries, at a rate of $3,000, in 1855. By 1968, pay had risen to $30,000. Stand-alone legislation may still be used to raise Member pay, as it was most recently in 1982, 1983, 1989, and 1991; but two other methods--including an automatic annual adjustment procedure and a commission process--are now also available. The Ethics Reform Act of 1989 established the current formula for automatic annual adjustments, which is based on changes in private sector wages and salaries as measured by the Employment Cost Index. The adjustment goes into effect automatically unless denied statutorily by Congress, although the percentage may not exceed the percentage base pay increase for General Schedule employees. Allowances are available to Representatives and Senators to support them in their official and representational duties as Members. These allowances cover official office expenses, staff, mail, and other goods and services. Despite significant reductions in congressional mail postage costs over the past 20 years, critics continue to raise concerns that the franking privilege is both financially wasteful and gives unfair advantages to incumbents in congressional elections. In particular, mass mailings have come under increased scrutiny as critics argue that the vast majority of franked mail is unsolicited and, in effect, publicly funded campaign literature. Members of Congress first elected in 1984 or later are covered automatically under the Federal Employees' Retirement System (FERS), unless they decline this coverage. Those who already were in Congress when Social Security coverage went into effect could either remain in CSRS or change their coverage to FERS. Members are now covered under one of four different retirement arrangements: CSRS and Social Security; The "CSRS Offset" plan, which includes both CSRS and Social Security, but with CSRS contributions and benefits reduced by Social Security contributions and benefits; FERS and Social Security; or Social Security alone. Congressional pensions, like those of other federal employees, are financed through a combination of employee and employer contributions. All Members pay Social Security payroll taxes equal to 6.2% of the Social Security taxable wage base ($102,000 in 2008 and $106,800 in 2009). Members enrolled in FERS also pay 1.3% of full salary to the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund. In 2008, Members covered by CSRS Offset pay 1.8% of the first $102,000 of salary, and 8.0% of salary above this amount, into the Civil Service Retirement and Disability Fund. Under both CSRS and FERS, Members of Congress are eligible for a pension at age 62 if they have completed at least five years of service. Members are eligible for a pension at age 50 if they have completed 20 years of service, or at any age after completing 25 years of service. The amount of the pension depends on years of service and the average of the highest three years of salary. By law, the starting amount of a Member's retirement annuity may not exceed 80% of his or her final salary. After Members of the House leave office, they are afforded certain courtesies and privileges. Some are derived from House Rules, but many are courtesies that have been extended as a matter of custom. Former Representatives who become lobbyists have limited privileges. See full Table of Contents at https://www.thecapitol.net/Publications/GovernmentSeries/1657_CongressionalPayAndPerks.html
Author: Stephen W. Stathis Publisher: CQ Press ISBN: 1452267448 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 466
Book Description
Documents Congress's most momentous accomplishments in determining the national policies to be carried out by the executive branch, in approving appropriations to support those policies, and in fulfilling its responsibility to ensure that such actions are being implemented as intended.
Author: CQ Press Publisher: CQ Press ISBN: 1452267391 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 401
Book Description
Who is running America—Congress or the President? The way Congress works: How does an idea become a law? Imagine how questions like these, in Student′s Guide to Congress, will stimulate discussion among your students. The book covers topics such as: ? Origins of Congress Powers of Congress Congressional Procedures Congressional Leadership Elections and Constituents Student’s Guide to Congress is the second title in the brand new Student′s Guide to the U.S. Government Series, which presents essential information about the U.S. government in a manner accessible to high school students. In a unique three-part format, these titles place at the reader’s fingertips everything they need to know about the evolution of elections, Congress, the presidency, and the Supreme Court, from the struggles to create the U.S. government in the late eighteenth century through the on-going issues of the early twenty-first century. Each Guide is divided into three sections: Part One Three essays, each addressing a provocative question about the book’s topic Part Two A-Z entries covering key concepts and terms Part Three Primary Source Library of legislation, Supreme Court cases, and other historical documents The user-friendly design includes: Pro/Con debates Maps Timeline Charts Photos Political cartoons Profiles of decision makers And much more! The Student′s Guide to the U.S. Government Series from CQ Press is written so that students need no prior knowledge to understand the fundamental concepts presented. By placing at hand—in thought-provoking essays, easy-to-understand encyclopedic entries, and pivotal primary source documents—the essential information needed by student researchers and educators, the Student′s Guide to the U.S. Government Series offers valuable resources for government, politics, and history classes.
Author: Congressional Quarterly, inc Publisher: CQ Press ISBN: 9781568028507 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 1144
Book Description
For over forty years, Congress and the Nation has been the signature resource for perspective and analysis of the U.S. Congress. It is the authoritative reference on Congressional trends, actions, and controversies. The eleventh edition in this acclaimed series chronicles the political events during the first four years of the George W. Bush administration, covering the 107th and 108th Congresses. These four years are marked by some of the most significant, landscape changing events in American politics including the attacks of September 11, 2001 and the ensuing U.S. led invasions of Afghanistan and Iraq. Congress and the Nation XI: 2001-2004 addresses these topics and more, including: Legislative activity in the U.S. Congress Establishment of the Department of Homeland Security The 2002 midterm elections in which the Republican party won majorities in both houses of Congress Each chapter contains summaries of legislative activity, including bills passed, defeated, or postponed. An extensive appendix covers the four-year period. Also available in online edition.
Author: Paul E. Dwyer
Author: Paul E. Dwyer
Author: 
Author: Ida Brudnick
Author: Ida A. Brudnick
Author: 
Author: IBP USA
Author: Stephen W. Stathis
Author: CQ Press
Author: 
Author: Congressional Quarterly, inc