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Author: Centers of Disease Control Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9289051701 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 148
Book Description
What are public health services? Countries across Europe understand what they are or what they should include differently. This study describes the experiences of nine countries detailing the ways they have opted to organize and finance public health services and train and employ their public health workforce. It covers England France Germany Italy the Netherlands Slovenia Sweden Poland and the Republic of Moldova and aims to give insights into current practice that will support decision-makers in their efforts to strengthen public health capacities and services. Each country chapter captures the historical background of public health services and the context in which they operate; sets out the main organizational structures; assesses the sources of public health financing and how it is allocated; explains the training and employment of the public health workforce; and analyses existing frameworks for quality and performance assessment. The study reveals a wide range of experience and variation across Europe and clearly illustrates two fundamentally different approaches to public health services: integration with curative health services (as in Slovenia or Sweden) or organization and provision through a separate parallel structure (Republic of Moldova). The case studies explore the context that explain this divergence and its implications. This study is the result of close collaboration between the European Observatory on Health Systems and Policies and the WHO Regional Office for Europe Division of Health Systems and Public Health. It accompanies two other Observatory publications Organization and financing of public health services in Europe and The role of public health organizations in addressing public health problems in Europe: the case of obesity alcohol and antimicrobial resistance (both forthcoming).
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309468086 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 235
Book Description
Thanks to remarkable advances in modern health care attributable to science, engineering, and medicine, it is now possible to cure or manage illnesses that were long deemed untreatable. At the same time, however, the United States is facing the vexing challenge of a seemingly uncontrolled rise in the cost of health care. Total medical expenditures are rapidly approaching 20 percent of the gross domestic product and are crowding out other priorities of national importance. The use of increasingly expensive prescription drugs is a significant part of this problem, making the cost of biopharmaceuticals a serious national concern with broad political implications. Especially with the highly visible and very large price increases for prescription drugs that have occurred in recent years, finding a way to make prescription medicinesâ€"and health care at largeâ€"more affordable for everyone has become a socioeconomic imperative. Affordability is a complex function of factors, including not just the prices of the drugs themselves, but also the details of an individual's insurance coverage and the number of medical conditions that an individual or family confronts. Therefore, any solution to the affordability issue will require considering all of these factors together. The current high and increasing costs of prescription drugsâ€"coupled with the broader trends in overall health care costsâ€"is unsustainable to society as a whole. Making Medicines Affordable examines patient access to affordable and effective therapies, with emphasis on drug pricing, inflation in the cost of drugs, and insurance design. This report explores structural and policy factors influencing drug pricing, drug access programs, the emerging role of comparative effectiveness assessments in payment policies, changing finances of medical practice with regard to drug costs and reimbursement, and measures to prevent drug shortages and foster continued innovation in drug development. It makes recommendations for policy actions that could address drug price trends, improve patient access to affordable and effective treatments, and encourage innovations that address significant needs in health care.
Author: Richard N. Spivey Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 9780866569064 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 686
Book Description
A comparative overview of the laws which govern pharmacy services in different countries, the organization of the medical community and health care delivery services, and the involvement of pharmacy practice within the health care delivery system. Annotation copyright Book News, Inc. Portland, Or.
Author: Monique Elseviers Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118949781 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 548
Book Description
Drug Utilization Research (DUR) is an eclectic scientific discipline, integrating descriptive and analytical methods for the quantification, understanding and evaluation of the processes of prescribing, dispensing and consumption of medicines and for the testing of interventions to enhance the quality of these processes. The discipline is closely related and linked mainly to the broader field of pharmacoepidemiology, but also to health outcomes research, pharmacovigilance and health economics. Drug Utilization Research is a unique, practical guide to the assessment and evaluation of prescribing practices and to interventions to improve the use of medicines in populations. Edited by an international expert team from the International Society for Pharmacoepidemiology (ISPE), DUR is the only title to cover both the methodology and applications of drug utilization research and covers areas such as health policy, specific populations, therapeutics and adherence.
Author: Hannsjörg W. Seyberth Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642201954 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
The objective of this volume is to give an overview of the present state of the art of pediatric clinical pharmacology including developmental physiology, pediatric-specific pathology, special tools and methods for development of drugs for children (assessment of efficacy, toxicity, long-term safety etc.) as well as regulatory and ethical knowledge and skills. In the future, structural and educational changes have to lead back to a closer cooperation and interaction of pediatrics with (clinical) pharmacology and pharmacy.
Author: Sally Shorthose Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN: 9403530235 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 840
Book Description
In the European Union (EU), its Member States and the United Kingdom (UK) post-Brexit, as elsewhere, the marketing of pharmaceuticals is subject to an ever more complex web of legislation and regulation, resulting from the intense scrutiny necessary to ensure such essential products are not only efficacious but also safe. This useful volume lays out this system with extraordinary clarity and logic. Adopting a Europe-wide perspective on the law governing pharmaceuticals, expert authors from the law firm Bird & Bird LLP map the life cycle of a medicinal product or medical device from development to clinical trials to product launch and ongoing pharmacovigilance, offering comprehensive and unambiguous guidance at every stage. Following a brief overview of how the exit from the EU by the UK currently affects the regulatory regime, as well as an introductory overview focusing on the regulatory framework for pharmaceuticals in Europe – from its underlying rationales to the relevant committees and agencies – each of the following twenty-one incisive chapters examines a particular process or subject. Among the many topics and issues covered from both an EU and UK perspective are the following: clinical trials; stages and standards for creating a product dossier; obtaining a marketing authorisation; how and when an abridged marketing authorisation procedure can be used; criteria for conditional marketing authorisations; generic products and ‘essential similarity’; paediatric use and the requisite additional trials; orphan medicinal products; biologicals and ‘biosimilars’; homeopathic, herbal and similar medicines; medical devices; pandemics, epidemics and vaccines; pharmacovigilance; parallel trade; advertising; and relevant competition law, intellectual property rights and data protection regulation. In addition, sample forms and URLs for the most important reference materials are included. Pharmaceutical lawyers and regulatory advisers, both in-house and in private practice, will welcome this unique book. It offers immeasurable value for all who need to understand the process of bringing a medicinal product or medical device to market and the continuing rights and obligations.
Author: Sally Shorthose Publisher: Kluwer Law International B.V. ISBN: 9041170022 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 590
Book Description
In the European Union (EU) and its Member States, as elsewhere, the marketing of pharmaceuticals has become subject to an increasingly complex web of legislation and regulation, resulting from the intense scrutiny necessary to ensure such essential products are not only efficacious but safe. This useful volume lays out this system with extraordinary clarity and logic. Adopting a Europe-wide perspective on the law governing pharmaceuticals, expert authors from the law firm Bird & Bird LLP map the life cycle of a medicinal product or medical device from development to clinical trials to product launch and ongoing pharmacovigilance, offering comprehensive and unambiguous guidance at every stage. A brief overview of how the proposed exit from the EU by the UK will affect the regulatory regime is also included. Following an introductory overview focusing on the regulatory framework for pharmaceuticals in Europe – from its underlying rationales to the relevant committees and agencies – each of fifteen incisive chapters examines a particular process or subject. Among the many topics and issues covered are the following: - obtaining a marketing authorisation; - stages and standards for creating a product dossier; - clinical trials; - how and when an abridged procedure can be used; - criteria for conditional marketing authorisations; - generic products and ‘essential similarity’; - paediatric use and the requisite additional trials; - biologicals and ‘biosimilars’; - homeopathic and herbal medicines; - reporting procedures; - pharmacovigilance; - parallel trade; - relevant competition law and intellectual property rights; and - advertising. In addition, national variation charts in many of the chapters illustrate eight major jurisdictions (Belgium, France, Germany, Italy, The Netherlands, Spain, Sweden, and the UK). Sample forms and URLs for the most important Directives are included. Pharmaceutical lawyers and regulatory advisers, both in-house and in private practice, will welcome this unique book. It offers immeasurable value for all who need to understand the process of bringing a medicinal product or medical device to market and the continuing rights and obligations.
Author: World Health Organization Publisher: World Health Organization ISBN: 9789241545471 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 104
Book Description
A drug policy is a crucial ingredient in every country's national health strategy as it provides a strategic framework to identify goals and commitments. This publication discusses the key components of such a policy. Issues covered include: the selection of essential drugs, affordability; finance and supply; regulation and quality assurance; rational use; research; human resources; monitoring and evaluation.
Author: Institute of Medicine Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309132967 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 359
Book Description
Second in a series of publications from the Institute of Medicine's Quality of Health Care in America project Today's health care providers have more research findings and more technology available to them than ever before. Yet recent reports have raised serious doubts about the quality of health care in America. Crossing the Quality Chasm makes an urgent call for fundamental change to close the quality gap. This book recommends a sweeping redesign of the American health care system and provides overarching principles for specific direction for policymakers, health care leaders, clinicians, regulators, purchasers, and others. In this comprehensive volume the committee offers: A set of performance expectations for the 21st century health care system. A set of 10 new rules to guide patient-clinician relationships. A suggested organizing framework to better align the incentives inherent in payment and accountability with improvements in quality. Key steps to promote evidence-based practice and strengthen clinical information systems. Analyzing health care organizations as complex systems, Crossing the Quality Chasm also documents the causes of the quality gap, identifies current practices that impede quality care, and explores how systems approaches can be used to implement change.
Author: World Health Organization Publisher: ISBN: 9789241592215 Category : Drug monitoring Languages : en Pages : 18
Book Description
Safety is a fundamental principle in the privision of herbal medicines and herbal products for health care and a critical component of quality control. These guidelines provide practical technical guidance for monitoring the safety of herbal medicines with pharmacovigilance systems.
Author: Centers of Disease Control
Author: National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
Author: Richard N. Spivey
Author: Monique Elseviers
Author: Hannsjörg W. Seyberth
Author: Sally Shorthose
Author: Sally Shorthose
Author: World Health Organization
Author: Institute of Medicine
Author: World Health Organization
Author: World Health Organization