Rule-encoding Neurons in Prefrontal and Auditory Cortex of Rats Performing a Task Similar to the Cocktail Party Problem PDF Download
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Author: Christopher Rodgers Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 88
Book Description
The human auditory system easily solves the "cocktail party problem"--That is, even when multiple people are speaking at once, we can easily select and pay attention to a single voice while ignoring the others. Though this seems easy to do, the problem is known to be quite computationally complex. It requires identifying the important sound, selecting it for special processing, and using information from it to make behavioral decisions; meanwhile, the other voices must not be allowed to distract us. How does the brain do this? In chapter 1, I review previous approaches to this question and motivate the choices I made in designing my experiments. In chapter 2, I present the data and conclusions I obtained in collaboration with my advisor, Dr Michael DeWeese. (We are submitting this chapter for publication separately.) In chapter 3, I present a detailed protocol for repeating our behavioral results. The final chapter, Chapter 4, is broader in scope. I discuss how our models and results relate to existing models of prefrontal control over other brain regions. Finally, I consider what my results have taught me about the scientific process of investigating neural function and ruminate on where this field may be headed next.
Author: Christopher Rodgers Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 88
Book Description
The human auditory system easily solves the "cocktail party problem"--That is, even when multiple people are speaking at once, we can easily select and pay attention to a single voice while ignoring the others. Though this seems easy to do, the problem is known to be quite computationally complex. It requires identifying the important sound, selecting it for special processing, and using information from it to make behavioral decisions; meanwhile, the other voices must not be allowed to distract us. How does the brain do this? In chapter 1, I review previous approaches to this question and motivate the choices I made in designing my experiments. In chapter 2, I present the data and conclusions I obtained in collaboration with my advisor, Dr Michael DeWeese. (We are submitting this chapter for publication separately.) In chapter 3, I present a detailed protocol for repeating our behavioral results. The final chapter, Chapter 4, is broader in scope. I discuss how our models and results relate to existing models of prefrontal control over other brain regions. Finally, I consider what my results have taught me about the scientific process of investigating neural function and ruminate on where this field may be headed next.
Author: Mathew Leonard Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 45
Book Description
Neural correlates of working memory, errors, and response choice were identified in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of rats performing a spatial delayed double alternation task. The mPFC of rats has been associated with attention, working memory, emotional control, and other executive functions. Lesioning or inactivation of mPFC, the prelim- bic (PL) and infralimbic (IL) areas in particular, have been shown to produce significance decreases in performance of delayed response tasks. Previous recording experiments have found examples of neurons in mPFC that have elevated and selective activity during the delay period. However, these experiments have been quite simple compared to experiments in monkeys. For instance, many experiments in rats have used spatial alternation tasks but none have been able to successfully separate coding for past spatial goals from coding for future spatial goals. The aim of the experiment reported here was to develop a task with complexity similar to what is found in primate research and to record from mPFC as the rats performed the task. We developed a delayed double alternation, in which rats must respond in a left-left-right-right pattern. This task requires the rats to store and recall at least two items of information to receive rewards. After training rats to perform the task, we recorded from mPFC of awake behaving rats using chronically implanted tetrodes. We found groups of neurons encoding past goals, future goals, switch-stay strategy, and response errors. Encoding for past goals and future goals are performed by two separate, but over- lapping, ensembles of neurons. Anatomically, the mPFC is involved in neural circuits which serve to integrate internal and external stimuli into behavioral actions. Our results reveal a functional integration of the past, present, and future into action.
Author: William A. Yost Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387713042 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 337
Book Description
Auditory Perception of Sound Sources covers higher-level auditory processes that are perceptual processes. The chapters describe how humans and other animals perceive the sounds that they receive from the many sound sources existing in the world. This book will provide an overview of areas of current research involved with understanding how sound-source determination processes operate. This book will focus on psychophysics and perception as well as being relevant to basic auditory research. Contents: Perceiving Sound Sources: An Overview William A. Yost Human Sound Source Identification Robert A. Lutfi Size Information in the Production and Perception of Communication Sounds Roy D. Patterson, David R. R. Smith, Ralph van Dinther, and Tom Walters The role of memory in auditory perception Laurent Demany, and Catherine Semal Auditory Attention and Filters Ervin R. Hafter, Anastasios Sarampalis, and Psyche Loui Informational masking Gerald Kidd Jr., Christine R. Mason, Virginia M. Richards, Frederick J. Gallun, and Nathaniel I. Durlach Effects of harmonicity and regularity on the perception of sound sources Robert P. Carlyon, and Hedwig E. Gockel Spatial Hearing and Perceiving Sources Christopher J. Darwin Envelope Processing and Sound-Source Perception Stanley Sheft Speech as a Sound Source Andrew J. Lotto, and Sarah C. Sullivan Sound Source Perception and Stream Segregation in Non-human Vertebrate Animals Richard R. Fay About the editors: William A. Yost, Ph.D., is Professor of Psychology, Adjunct Professor of Hearing Sciences of the Parmly Hearing Institute, and Adjunct Professor of Otolaryngology at Loyola University of Chicago. Arthur N. Popper is Professor in the Department of Biology and Co-Director of the Center for Comparative and Evolutionary Biology of Hearing at the University of Maryland, College Park. Richard R. Fay is Director of the Parmly Hearing Institute and Professor of Psychology at Loyola University of Chicago. About the series: The Springer Handbook of Auditory Research presents a series of synthetic reviews of fundamental topics dealing with auditory systems. Each volume is independent and authoritative; taken as a set, this series is the definitive resource in the field.
Author: Terrence W. Deacon Publisher: W. W. Norton & Company ISBN: 0393343022 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 532
Book Description
"A work of enormous breadth, likely to pleasantly surprise both general readers and experts."—New York Times Book Review This revolutionary book provides fresh answers to long-standing questions of human origins and consciousness. Drawing on his breakthrough research in comparative neuroscience, Terrence Deacon offers a wealth of insights into the significance of symbolic thinking: from the co-evolutionary exchange between language and brains over two million years of hominid evolution to the ethical repercussions that followed man's newfound access to other people's thoughts and emotions. Informing these insights is a new understanding of how Darwinian processes underlie the brain's development and function as well as its evolution. In contrast to much contemporary neuroscience that treats the brain as no more or less than a computer, Deacon provides a new clarity of vision into the mechanism of mind. It injects a renewed sense of adventure into the experience of being human.
Author: Laszlo Zaborszky Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 0387289429 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 703
Book Description
The first two editions of this title had a tremendous impact in neuroscience. Between the Second edition in 1989 and today, there has been an explosion of information in the field, including advances in molecular techniques, such as genomics and proteomics, which have become increasing important in neuroscience. A renaissance in fluorescence has occurred, driven by the development of new probes, new microscopes, live imagers, and computer processing. The introduction of new markers has enormously stimulated the field, moving it from tissue culture to neurophysiology to functional MRI techniques.
Author: Nelson Cowan Publisher: Psychology Press ISBN: 1317232380 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 238
Book Description
The idea of one's memory "filling up" is a humorous misconception of how memory in general is thought to work; it actually has no capacity limit. However, the idea of a "full brain" makes more sense with reference to working memory, which is the limited amount of information a person can hold temporarily in an especially accessible form for use in the completion of almost any challenging cognitive task. This groundbreaking book explains the evidence supporting Cowan's theoretical proposal about working memory capacity, and compares it to competing perspectives. Cognitive psychologists profoundly disagree on how working memory is limited: whether by the number of units that can be retained (and, if so, what kind of units and how many), the types of interfering material, the time that has elapsed, some combination of these mechanisms, or none of them. The book assesses these hypotheses and examines explanations of why capacity limits occur, including vivid biological, cognitive, and evolutionary accounts. The book concludes with a discussion of the practical importance of capacity limits in daily life. This 10th anniversary Classic Edition will continue to be accessible to a wide range of readers and serve as an invaluable reference for all memory researchers.
Author: Olivier Godefroy Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139461893 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 637
Book Description
The care of stroke patients has changed dramatically. As well as improvements in the emergency care of the condition, there have been marked advances in our understanding, management and rehabilitation of residual deficits. This book is about the care of stroke patients, focusing on behavioural and cognitive problems. It provides a comprehensive review of the field covering the diagnostic value of these conditions, in the acute and later phases, their requirements in terms of treatment and management and the likelihood and significance of long-term disability. This book will appeal to all clinicians involved in the care of stroke patients, as well as to neuropsychologists, other rehabilitation therapists and research scientists investigating the underlying neuroscience.
Author: Christoph Guger Publisher: Springer ISBN: 331957132X Category : Computers Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
This book describes the prize-winning brain-computer-interface (BCI) projects honored in the community's most prestigious annual award. BCIs enable people to communicate and control their limbs and/or environment using thought processes alone. Research in this field continues to develop and expand rapidly, with many new ideas, research groups, and improved technologies having emerged in recent years. The chapters in this volume feature the newest developments from many of the best labs worldwide. They present both non-invasive systems (based on the EEG) and intracortical methods (based on spikes or ECoG), and numerous innovative applications that will benefit new user groups
Author: Robert J. Dooling Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 1461211824 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 391
Book Description
Birds and reptiles have long fascinated investigators studying hearing and the auditory system. The highly evolved auditory inner ear of birds and reptiles shares many characteristics with the ear of mammals. Thus, the two groups are essential in understanding the form and function of the vertebrate and mammalian auditory systems. Comparative Hearing: Birds and Reptiles covers the broad range of our knowledge of hearing and acoustic communication in both groups of vertebrates. This volume addresses the many similarities in their auditory systems, as well as the known significant differences about hearing in the two groups.
Author: Christopher Rodgers
Author: Christopher Rodgers
Author: Mathew Leonard
Author: William A. Yost
Author: Terrence W. Deacon
Author: Laszlo Zaborszky
Author: Nelson Cowan
Author: Olivier Godefroy
Author: Matcheri Keshavan
Author: Christoph Guger
Author: Robert J. Dooling