Rugged Fiber Optic Probes and Sampling Systems for Remote Chemical Analysis Via the Raman Technique PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 18
Book Description
Recent advances in fiber optics, diode lasers, CCD detectors, dielectric and holographic optical filters, grating spectrometers, and chemometric data analysis have greatly simplified Raman spectroscopy. In order to make a rugged fiber optic Raman probe for solids/slurries like these at Savannah River, we have designed a probe that eliminates as many optical elements and surfaces as possible. The diffuse reflectance probe tip is modified for Raman scattering by installing thin dielectric in-line filters. Effects of each filter are shown for the NaNO3 Raman spectrum. By using a diode laser excitation at 780 nm, fluorescence is greatly reduced, and excellent spectra may be obtained from organic solids. At SRS, fiber optic Raman probes are being developed for in situ chemical mapping of radioactive waste storage tanks. Radiation darkening of silica fiber optics is negligible beyond 700 nm. Corrosion resistance is being evaluated. Analysis of process gas (off-gas from SRS processes) is investigated in some detail: hydrogen in nitrogen with NO2 interference. Other applications and the advantages of the method are pointed out briefly.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 18
Book Description
Recent advances in fiber optics, diode lasers, CCD detectors, dielectric and holographic optical filters, grating spectrometers, and chemometric data analysis have greatly simplified Raman spectroscopy. In order to make a rugged fiber optic Raman probe for solids/slurries like these at Savannah River, we have designed a probe that eliminates as many optical elements and surfaces as possible. The diffuse reflectance probe tip is modified for Raman scattering by installing thin dielectric in-line filters. Effects of each filter are shown for the NaNO3 Raman spectrum. By using a diode laser excitation at 780 nm, fluorescence is greatly reduced, and excellent spectra may be obtained from organic solids. At SRS, fiber optic Raman probes are being developed for in situ chemical mapping of radioactive waste storage tanks. Radiation darkening of silica fiber optics is negligible beyond 700 nm. Corrosion resistance is being evaluated. Analysis of process gas (off-gas from SRS processes) is investigated in some detail: hydrogen in nitrogen with NO2 interference. Other applications and the advantages of the method are pointed out briefly.
Author: Ian R. Lewis Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9781420029253 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 1076
Book Description
This work covers principles of Raman theory, analysis, instrumentation, and measurement, specifying up-to-the-minute benefits of Raman spectroscopy in a variety of industrial and academic fields, and how to cultivate growth in new disciplines. It contains case studies that illustrate current techniques in data extraction and analysis, as well as over 500 drawings and photographs that clarify and reinforce critical text material. The authors discuss Raman spectra of gases; Raman spectroscopy applied to crystals, applications to gemology, in vivo Raman spectroscopy, applications in forensic science, and collectivity of vibrational modes, among many other topics.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 7
Book Description
The goal of this program was to develop techniques and instrumentation for the implementation of Raman spectroscopy as a chemical sensor for both gas and liquid phase samples. Surface enhanced Raman techniques have been employed for low level detection. Novel SERS substrates have been demonstrated which enable complexation and preconcentration of gas phase species, a new development since SERS had previously been associated only with the liquid phase. 'ne substrates were demonstrated for Raman sensing of hydrazine, ethanol, dimethyl methylphosphonate (DMMP), and other vapor species. in order to conduct remote sensing using Raman, a fiber optic probe, was developed. lie probe permits the excitation and collection of Raman spectra over>50 m of optical fiber without interference from scattering originating within the fibers themselves, previously a serious problem with this approach. Spectral analysis has been conducted with small spectrographs, some of them palm-sized. Special Raman filters based on holographic optical elements were developed for this purpose, removing all vestiges of the primary Raman excitation light before introducing the scattered Raman light into the spectrograph. Several spectrograph configurations were examined, including a novel Echelle design which enables better than 1 cm-1 spectral resolution in a compact package (e.g., - 10(3) cm3, including CCD detector). Raman, SERS, Fiber Optic, Laser, Sensor.
Author: Reinhard Beer Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9780471553465 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 178
Book Description
Activation Spectrometry in Chemical Analysis Susan J. Parry In clear, easy-to-read language, Activation Spectrometry in Chemical Analysis provides a straightforward review of just what activation analysis can do, describing the technique as it is currently applied to biomedical, environmental, geological, and industrial analytical problems. The book outlines the specifics of the procedures that have proven critical to the technique's success and describes the current status of activation spectrometry in a concise, three-part format: principles, techniques, and applications. Written for undergraduates and postgraduates in universities, research institutes, government, or industry, the book provides the first definitive look at the day-to-day and key uses of the method that is at once challenging and intriguing, yet simple to grasp. 1991 (0 471-63844-7) 264 pp. Principles and Practice of Spectroscopic Calibration Howard Mark Clearly linking theory with applications, this unique guide to spectroscopic calibration advances an approach that is understandable, free of the usual uncertainties, and simple to execute. The book details the practical aspects of generating a calibration equation, as well as the basics of recognizing and dealing with different types of problems affecting calibration. Most of the procedures are applicable to such sophisticated and popular approaches as Principal Component Calibration (PCA), Partial Least Squares Calibration (PLS), and Fourier Transform Calibration. 1991 (0 471-54614-3) 192 pp. Analytical Raman Spectroscopy Edited by Jeanette G. Grasselli and Bernard J. Bulkin Analytical Raman Spectroscopy charts, through a series of contributed articles, the spectacular versatility of the method and its applications in semiconductor characterization, synthetic organic polymer analysis, organic and petrochemical analysis, heterogeneous catalysts, and biological studies. Chapters feature an outline structure which systematically details the critical aspects of each subject discussed. The book provides a unique look at the field's fundamental operational techniques, instrumentation, and up-to-the-minute advances: components of modern Raman spectrometers; Raman spectroscopy of inorganic species in solution; quantitative analysis by Raman spectroscopy; and much more. 1991 (0 471-51955-3) 480 pp.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 35
Book Description
This report discusses the development and testing of a small laboratory prototype, field Raman spectrometer which can be used with a fiber optic sampling probe incorporting substrates tailored for surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) for low level detection of chemical species. The report also discusses demonstration of apparatus for both laboratory and field environmental samples typical of DOE environmental restoration sites. Preliminary results establish a new technique which can be used in, the field to identify and profile in situ a wide variety of pollutants at the action levels required for remediation.
Author: Vidhu S. Tiwari Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chemical detectors Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Laser Raman Spectroscopy (LRS) has received worldwide acknowledgement as a powerful molecular"'finger print" technique. The Raman spectrum of sample contains useful information such as molecular identity, composition, constituent's concentration ratio etc. These information are manifested in the Raman spectrum in band heights, peak wavelength, band areas etc. The basis of quantitative analysis in Raman spectroscopy lies in the measurement of Raman band intensity, which is linearly dependent upon the sample concentration. On the other hand, Raman spectroscopy can also yield the qualitative information of samples by exhibiting bands corresponding to various chemical constituents in the sample mixture. The potentiality of Raman spectroscopy to perform quantitative as well as qualitative analysis of samples has been exploited in the development of Raman sensors in conjugation with the techniques of fiber optics. The main focus of the presented doctoral work is to realize a fiber optic Raman sensor to monitor the quality of liquid oxygen (LO2) in a rocket engine feed line. In this research investigation, I have shown how a bulk experimental configuration can be transformed to miniaturized prototype sensor, which is equally capable to determine the ratio of liquid oxygen and liquid nitrogen in their cryogenic mixture. This research was extended to monitor the concentration of oxygen and nitrogen in their gaseous mixture. Further, I have demonstrated that the Raman spectroscopy has the potentiality to measure the temperature of hydrogen in a laboratory environment by monitoring the variation in Raman rotation-vibrational line of hydrogen gas with temperature. Finally, I have experimentally studied the surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS) of silver colloidal solution, which is another interesting branch of Raman spectroscopy that has transcended the limitation of very low Raman cross-section to offer more insight to the chemical properties of samples.
Author: Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0444640479 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 4876
Book Description
Comprehensive Biotechnology, Third Edition, Six Volume Set unifies, in a single source, a huge amount of information in this growing field. The book covers scientific fundamentals, along with engineering considerations and applications in industry, agriculture, medicine, the environment and socio-economics, including the related government regulatory overviews. This new edition builds on the solid basis provided by previous editions, incorporating all recent advances in the field since the second edition was published in 2011. Offers researchers a one-stop shop for information on the subject of biotechnology Provides in-depth treatment of relevant topics from recognized authorities, including the contributions of a Nobel laureate Presents the perspective of researchers in different fields, such as biochemistry, agriculture, engineering, biomedicine and environmental science
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