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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 22
Book Description
This research, a joint project between Sandia National Laboratories/California and Dow Chemical Company/Midland, is intended to examine existing flame modeling capability developed at Sandia to model experimental data for rich flammability limits. System studied is methanol/carbon monoxide/diluent mixtures, where the diluent is either nitrogen or carbon dioxide at pressures of 1, 11, and 21 atm, respectively. Critical oxygen concentration needed to sustain a flame was measured in a spherical vessel with a central ignition source for several mixtures and pressures. Burning velocities of 1-D, planar, freely propagating premixed flames were calculated to determine minimum oxygen concentration required for these flames to propagate. This minimum O2 concentration was found to be consistently larger than that observed in experiments; however, effects of pressure and diluent composition agreed well with experimental data. Attempts were made to model the spherical vessel experiment directly, which resultd in qualitative agreement with experimental data and steady flame predictions. In addition, the rich flammability limit was calculate for pure methanol-air flames to be at an equivalence ratio of (approximately) 2.1, and extincton occurs at K{sub ex} =1670 sec−1 for the opposed-flow, strained, stoichiometric methanol-air case.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 22
Book Description
This research, a joint project between Sandia National Laboratories/California and Dow Chemical Company/Midland, is intended to examine existing flame modeling capability developed at Sandia to model experimental data for rich flammability limits. System studied is methanol/carbon monoxide/diluent mixtures, where the diluent is either nitrogen or carbon dioxide at pressures of 1, 11, and 21 atm, respectively. Critical oxygen concentration needed to sustain a flame was measured in a spherical vessel with a central ignition source for several mixtures and pressures. Burning velocities of 1-D, planar, freely propagating premixed flames were calculated to determine minimum oxygen concentration required for these flames to propagate. This minimum O2 concentration was found to be consistently larger than that observed in experiments; however, effects of pressure and diluent composition agreed well with experimental data. Attempts were made to model the spherical vessel experiment directly, which resultd in qualitative agreement with experimental data and steady flame predictions. In addition, the rich flammability limit was calculate for pure methanol-air flames to be at an equivalence ratio of (approximately) 2.1, and extincton occurs at K{sub ex} =1670 sec−1 for the opposed-flow, strained, stoichiometric methanol-air case.
Author: Mary N. Sandia National Labs Bui-Pham (Combustion Research Facility [email protected]) Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chemical plants Languages : en Pages : 12
Book Description
This research, a joint project between Sandia National Laboratories/California and Dow Chemical Company/Midland, is intended to examine existing flame modeling capability developed at Sandia to model experimental data for rich flammability limits. System studied is methanol/carbon monoxide/diluent mixtures, where the diluent is either nitrogen or carbon dioxide at pressures of 1, 11, and 21 atm, respectively. Critical oxygen concentration needed to sustain a flame was measured in a spherical vessel with a central ignition source for several mixtures and pressures. Burning velocities of 1-D, planar, freely propagating premixed flames were calculated to determine minimum oxygen concentration required for these flames to propagate. This minimum O[sub 2] concentration was found to be consistently larger than that observed in experiments; however, effects of pressure and diluent composition agreed well with experimental data. Attempts were made to model the spherical vessel experiment directly, which resultd in qualitative agreement with experimental data and steady flame predictions. In addition, the rich flammability limit was calculate for pure methanol-air flames to be at an equivalence ratio of [approximately] 2.1, and extincton occurs at K[sub ex] =1670 sec[sup [minus]1] for the opposed-flow, strained, stoichiometric methanol-air case.
Author: Mary N. Bui-Pham Publisher: ISBN: Category : Chemical plants Languages : en Pages : 22
Book Description
This research, a joint project between Sandia National Laboratories/California and Dow Chemical Company/Midland, is intended to examine existing flame modeling capability developed at Sandia to model experimental data for rich flammability limits. System studied is methanol/carbon monoxide/diluent mixtures, where the diluent is either nitrogen or carbon dioxide at pressures of 1, 11, and 21 atm, respectively. Critical oxygen concentration needed to sustain a flame was measured in a spherical vessel with a central ignition source for several mixtures and pressures. Burning velocities of 1-D, planar, freely propagating premixed flames were calculated to determine minimum oxygen concentration required for these flames to propagate. This minimum O[sub 2] concentration was found to be consistently larger than that observed in experiments; however, effects of pressure and diluent composition agreed well with experimental data. Attempts were made to model the spherical vessel experiment directly, which resultd in qualitative agreement with experimental data and steady flame predictions. In addition, the rich flammability limit was calculate for pure methanol-air flames to be at an equivalence ratio of [approximately] 2.1, and extincton occurs at K[sub ex] =1670 sec[sup [minus]1] for the opposed-flow, strained, stoichiometric methanol-air case.
Author: Richard Gann Publisher: Jones & Bartlett Learning ISBN: 1284252477 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 392
Book Description
Principles of Fire Behavior and Combustion, Fifth Edition with Navigate Advantage Access is the most current and accurate source of fire behavior information available to firefighters and fire science students today. Readers will develop a thorough understanding of the chemical and physical properties of flammable materials and fire, the combustion process, and the latest in suppression and extinguishment.
Author: Frank Lees Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0080489338 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 3708
Book Description
Over the last three decades the process industries have grown very rapidly, with corresponding increases in the quantities of hazardous materials in process, storage or transport. Plants have become larger and are often situated in or close to densely populated areas. Increased hazard of loss of life or property is continually highlighted with incidents such as Flixborough, Bhopal, Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, the Phillips 66 incident, and Piper Alpha to name but a few. The field of Loss Prevention is, and continues to, be of supreme importance to countless companies, municipalities and governments around the world, because of the trend for processing plants to become larger and often be situated in or close to densely populated areas, thus increasing the hazard of loss of life or property. This book is a detailed guidebook to defending against these, and many other, hazards. It could without exaggeration be referred to as the "bible" for the process industries. This is THE standard reference work for chemical and process engineering safety professionals. For years, it has been the most complete collection of information on the theory, practice, design elements, equipment, regulations and laws covering the field of process safety. An entire library of alternative books (and cross-referencing systems) would be needed to replace or improve upon it, but everything of importance to safety professionals, engineers and managers can be found in this all-encompassing reference instead. Frank Lees' world renowned work has been fully revised and expanded by a team of leading chemical and process engineers working under the guidance of one of the world’s chief experts in this field. Sam Mannan is professor of chemical engineering at Texas A&M University, and heads the Mary Kay O’Connor Process Safety Center at Texas A&M. He received his MS and Ph.D. in chemical engineering from the University of Oklahoma, and joined the chemical engineering department at Texas A&M University as a professor in 1997. He has over 20 years of experience as an engineer, working both in industry and academia. New detail is added to chapters on fire safety, engineering, explosion hazards, analysis and suppression, and new appendices feature more recent disasters. The many thousands of references have been updated along with standards and codes of practice issued by authorities in the US, UK/Europe and internationally. In addition to all this, more regulatory relevance and case studies have been included in this edition. Written in a clear and concise style, Loss Prevention in the Process Industries covers traditional areas of personal safety as well as the more technological aspects and thus provides balanced and in-depth coverage of the whole field of safety and loss prevention. * A must-have standard reference for chemical and process engineering safety professionals * The most complete collection of information on the theory, practice, design elements, equipment and laws that pertain to process safety * Only single work to provide everything; principles, practice, codes, standards, data and references needed by those practicing in the field
Author: Martyn V. Twigg Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1351462318 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 606
Book Description
This book bridges the gap between theory and practice. It provides fundamental information on heterogeneous catalysis and the practicalities of the catalysts and processes used in producing ammonia, hydrogen and methanol via hydrocarbon steam reforming. It also covers the oxidation reactions in making formaldehyde from methanol, nitric acid from ammonia and sulphuric acid from sulphur dioxide. Designed for use in the chemical industry and by those in teaching, research and the study of industrial catalysts and catalytic processes. Students will also find this book extremely useful for obtaining practical information not available in more conventional textbooks.
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Author: Mary N. Sandia National Labs Bui-Pham (Combustion Research Facility 
Author: Mary N. Bui-Pham
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Author: Richard Gann
Author: J. L. Keller
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Author: Frank Lees
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Author: Martyn V. Twigg