Author: Debra Hawhee
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022670677X
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 263
Book Description
We tend to think of rhetoric as a solely human art. After all, only humans can use language artfully to make a point, the very definition of rhetoric. Yet when you look at ancient and early modern treatises on rhetoric, what you find is surprising: they’re crawling with animals. With Rhetoric in Tooth and Claw, Debra Hawhee explores this unexpected aspect of early thinking about rhetoric, going on from there to examine the enduring presence of nonhuman animals in rhetorical theory and education. In doing so, she not only offers a counter-history of rhetoric but also brings rhetorical studies into dialogue with animal studies, one of the most vibrant areas of interest in humanities today. By removing humanity and human reason from the center of our study of argument, Hawhee frees up space to study and emphasize other crucial components of communication, like energy, bodies, and sensation. Drawing on thinkers from Aristotle to Erasmus, Rhetoric in Tooth and Claw tells a new story of the discipline’s history and development, one animated by the energy, force, liveliness, and diversity of our relationships with our “partners in feeling,” other animals.
Rhetoric in Tooth and Claw
Author: Debra Hawhee
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022670677X
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 263
Book Description
We tend to think of rhetoric as a solely human art. After all, only humans can use language artfully to make a point, the very definition of rhetoric. Yet when you look at ancient and early modern treatises on rhetoric, what you find is surprising: they’re crawling with animals. With Rhetoric in Tooth and Claw, Debra Hawhee explores this unexpected aspect of early thinking about rhetoric, going on from there to examine the enduring presence of nonhuman animals in rhetorical theory and education. In doing so, she not only offers a counter-history of rhetoric but also brings rhetorical studies into dialogue with animal studies, one of the most vibrant areas of interest in humanities today. By removing humanity and human reason from the center of our study of argument, Hawhee frees up space to study and emphasize other crucial components of communication, like energy, bodies, and sensation. Drawing on thinkers from Aristotle to Erasmus, Rhetoric in Tooth and Claw tells a new story of the discipline’s history and development, one animated by the energy, force, liveliness, and diversity of our relationships with our “partners in feeling,” other animals.
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022670677X
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 263
Book Description
We tend to think of rhetoric as a solely human art. After all, only humans can use language artfully to make a point, the very definition of rhetoric. Yet when you look at ancient and early modern treatises on rhetoric, what you find is surprising: they’re crawling with animals. With Rhetoric in Tooth and Claw, Debra Hawhee explores this unexpected aspect of early thinking about rhetoric, going on from there to examine the enduring presence of nonhuman animals in rhetorical theory and education. In doing so, she not only offers a counter-history of rhetoric but also brings rhetorical studies into dialogue with animal studies, one of the most vibrant areas of interest in humanities today. By removing humanity and human reason from the center of our study of argument, Hawhee frees up space to study and emphasize other crucial components of communication, like energy, bodies, and sensation. Drawing on thinkers from Aristotle to Erasmus, Rhetoric in Tooth and Claw tells a new story of the discipline’s history and development, one animated by the energy, force, liveliness, and diversity of our relationships with our “partners in feeling,” other animals.
Rhetoric in Tooth and Claw
Author: Debra Hawhee
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022639817X
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 263
Book Description
Bringing together classical rhetoric and the study of animals is not a trick for the faint-of-heart. Hawhee s ambition and skill here are astonishingcombining illumination of major texts of the rhetorical tradition with attention to the way animals show up in these great books of Aristotle, Demetrius, Longinus, Erasmus, and others, to show that nonhuman animals have made themselves indispensable to theories of language and communication, to inquiry, and to arts of memory and philosophies of mind. Speech or reason (logos) has traditionally been the focus of rhetoric (the art of effective language use), but sensation, feeling, and emotion are just as importantand this is where animals enter in. In fact they enter in very frequently when discussion centers on the extra-rational, or nonrational, aspects of communication. Nonhuman animals serve in these texts at times as sensible objects, but in large part they enter rhetoric s theories and treatises as moving, sensing creatures, as what Hawhee calls partners in feeling to their human counterparts. She meanwhile explores the use rhetoricians have made of references to animals in beast fables, ecphrases (vivid descriptions), discussions of memory, and mock encomia. Animals may emerge through Hawhee s account as partners in feeling, but they also function as emblems, and her attention to Renaissance emblems and its partner art, stylistic depiction, plays out some often intricate rhetorical resonances. This history of nonhuman animals in rhetoric retells that story, thus, as one animated by energy, force, liveliness, wondrous diversity, and astounding and often bloody violence, all at the behest of humans animal partners in feeling."
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 022639817X
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 263
Book Description
Bringing together classical rhetoric and the study of animals is not a trick for the faint-of-heart. Hawhee s ambition and skill here are astonishingcombining illumination of major texts of the rhetorical tradition with attention to the way animals show up in these great books of Aristotle, Demetrius, Longinus, Erasmus, and others, to show that nonhuman animals have made themselves indispensable to theories of language and communication, to inquiry, and to arts of memory and philosophies of mind. Speech or reason (logos) has traditionally been the focus of rhetoric (the art of effective language use), but sensation, feeling, and emotion are just as importantand this is where animals enter in. In fact they enter in very frequently when discussion centers on the extra-rational, or nonrational, aspects of communication. Nonhuman animals serve in these texts at times as sensible objects, but in large part they enter rhetoric s theories and treatises as moving, sensing creatures, as what Hawhee calls partners in feeling to their human counterparts. She meanwhile explores the use rhetoricians have made of references to animals in beast fables, ecphrases (vivid descriptions), discussions of memory, and mock encomia. Animals may emerge through Hawhee s account as partners in feeling, but they also function as emblems, and her attention to Renaissance emblems and its partner art, stylistic depiction, plays out some often intricate rhetorical resonances. This history of nonhuman animals in rhetoric retells that story, thus, as one animated by energy, force, liveliness, wondrous diversity, and astounding and often bloody violence, all at the behest of humans animal partners in feeling."
Responding to the Sacred
Author: Michael Bernard-Donals
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780271089560
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 286
Book Description
A collection of essays examining the extent to which rhetoric's relation to the sacred is one of ineffability and how our response to the sacred integrates the divine (or the altogether other) into the human order.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780271089560
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 286
Book Description
A collection of essays examining the extent to which rhetoric's relation to the sacred is one of ineffability and how our response to the sacred integrates the divine (or the altogether other) into the human order.
The Practice of Rhetoric
Author: Debra Hawhee
Publisher: University of Alabama Press
ISBN: 0817321373
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Book Description
"Rhetoric, broadly conceived as the art of making things matter, is both a practice and theory about that practice. In recent decades, scholars of rhetoric have turned to approaches that braid together poetics, performance, and philosophy into a "practical art." By practical art, they mean methods tested in practice, by trial and error, with a goal of offering something useful and teachable. This volume presents just such an account of rhetoric. The account here does not turn away from theory, but rather presumes and incorporates theoretical approaches, offering a collection of principles assembled in the heat and trials of public practice. The approaches ventured in this volume are inspired by the capacious conception of rhetoric put forth by historian of rhetoric Jeffrey Walker, who is perhaps best known for stressing rhetoric's educational mission and its contributions to civic life. The Practice of Rhetoric is organized into three sections designed to spotlight, in turn, the importance of poetics, performance, and philosophy in rhetorical practice. The volume begins with poetics, stressing the world-making properties of that word, in contexts ranging from mouse-infested medieval fields to the threat of toxin-ridden streams in the mid-twentieth century. Susan C. Jarratt, for instance, probes the art of ekphrasis, or vivid description, and its capacity for rendering alternative futures. Michele Kennerly explores a little-studied linguistic predecessor to prose-logos psilos, or naked speech-exposing the early rumblings of a separation between poetic and rhetorical texts even as it historicizes the idea of clothed or ornamented speech. In an essay on the almost magical properties of writing, Debra Hawhee considers the curious practice of people writing letters to animals in order to banish or punish them, thereby casting the epistolary arts in a new light. Part 2 moves to performance. Vessela Valiavitcharska examines the intertwining of poetic rhythm and performance in Byzantine rhetorical education, and how such practices underlie the very foundations of oratory. Dale Martin Smith draws on the ancient stylistic theory of Dionysius of Halicarnassus along with the activist work of contemporary poets Amiri Baraka and Harmony Holiday to show how performance and persuasion unify rhetoric and poetics. Most treatments of philosophy and rhetoric begin within a philosophical framework, and remain there, focusing on old tools like stasis and disputation. Essays in part 3 break out of that mold by focusing on the utility and teachability of rhetorical principles in education. Jeanne Fahnestock and Marie Secor update stasis, a classical framework that encourages aspiring rhetors to ask after the nature of things, their facts and their qualities, as a way of locating an argument's position. Mark Garrett Longaker probes the medieval practice of disputation in order to marshal a new argument about why, exactly, John Locke detested rhetoric, and the longstanding opposition between science and rhetoric as modes of proof that has lasting implications for the way argument works today. Ranging across centuries and contexts, the essays collected here demonstrate the continued need to attend carefully to the co-operation of descriptive language and normative reality, conceptual vocabulary and material practice, public speech and moral self-shaping. The volume promises to rekindle long-standing conversations about the public, world-making practice of rhetoric, thereby enlivening anew its civic mission"--
Publisher: University of Alabama Press
ISBN: 0817321373
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 329
Book Description
"Rhetoric, broadly conceived as the art of making things matter, is both a practice and theory about that practice. In recent decades, scholars of rhetoric have turned to approaches that braid together poetics, performance, and philosophy into a "practical art." By practical art, they mean methods tested in practice, by trial and error, with a goal of offering something useful and teachable. This volume presents just such an account of rhetoric. The account here does not turn away from theory, but rather presumes and incorporates theoretical approaches, offering a collection of principles assembled in the heat and trials of public practice. The approaches ventured in this volume are inspired by the capacious conception of rhetoric put forth by historian of rhetoric Jeffrey Walker, who is perhaps best known for stressing rhetoric's educational mission and its contributions to civic life. The Practice of Rhetoric is organized into three sections designed to spotlight, in turn, the importance of poetics, performance, and philosophy in rhetorical practice. The volume begins with poetics, stressing the world-making properties of that word, in contexts ranging from mouse-infested medieval fields to the threat of toxin-ridden streams in the mid-twentieth century. Susan C. Jarratt, for instance, probes the art of ekphrasis, or vivid description, and its capacity for rendering alternative futures. Michele Kennerly explores a little-studied linguistic predecessor to prose-logos psilos, or naked speech-exposing the early rumblings of a separation between poetic and rhetorical texts even as it historicizes the idea of clothed or ornamented speech. In an essay on the almost magical properties of writing, Debra Hawhee considers the curious practice of people writing letters to animals in order to banish or punish them, thereby casting the epistolary arts in a new light. Part 2 moves to performance. Vessela Valiavitcharska examines the intertwining of poetic rhythm and performance in Byzantine rhetorical education, and how such practices underlie the very foundations of oratory. Dale Martin Smith draws on the ancient stylistic theory of Dionysius of Halicarnassus along with the activist work of contemporary poets Amiri Baraka and Harmony Holiday to show how performance and persuasion unify rhetoric and poetics. Most treatments of philosophy and rhetoric begin within a philosophical framework, and remain there, focusing on old tools like stasis and disputation. Essays in part 3 break out of that mold by focusing on the utility and teachability of rhetorical principles in education. Jeanne Fahnestock and Marie Secor update stasis, a classical framework that encourages aspiring rhetors to ask after the nature of things, their facts and their qualities, as a way of locating an argument's position. Mark Garrett Longaker probes the medieval practice of disputation in order to marshal a new argument about why, exactly, John Locke detested rhetoric, and the longstanding opposition between science and rhetoric as modes of proof that has lasting implications for the way argument works today. Ranging across centuries and contexts, the essays collected here demonstrate the continued need to attend carefully to the co-operation of descriptive language and normative reality, conceptual vocabulary and material practice, public speech and moral self-shaping. The volume promises to rekindle long-standing conversations about the public, world-making practice of rhetoric, thereby enlivening anew its civic mission"--
The Teeth and Claws of the Buddha
Author: Mikael S. Adolphson
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
ISBN: 0824831233
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 234
Book Description
Japan’s monastic warriors have fared poorly in comparison to the samurai, both in terms of historical reputation and representations in popular culture. Often maligned and criticized for their involvement in politics and other secular matters, they have been seen as figures separate from the larger military class. However, as Mikael Adolphson reveals in his comprehensive and authoritative examination of the social origins of the monastic forces, political conditions, and warfare practices of the Heian (794–1185) and Kamakura (1185–1333) eras, these "monk-warriors"(sôhei) were in reality inseparable from the warrior class. Their negative image, Adolphson argues, is a construct that grew out of artistic sources critical of the established temples from the fourteenth century on. In deconstructing the sôhei image and looking for clues as to the characteristics, role, and meaning of the monastic forces, The Teeth and Claws of the Buddha highlights the importance of historical circumstances; it also points to the fallacies of allowing later, especially modern, notions of religion to exert undue influence on interpretations of the past. It further suggests that, rather than constituting a separate category of violence, religious violence needs to be understood in its political, social, military, and ideological contexts.
Publisher: University of Hawaii Press
ISBN: 0824831233
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 234
Book Description
Japan’s monastic warriors have fared poorly in comparison to the samurai, both in terms of historical reputation and representations in popular culture. Often maligned and criticized for their involvement in politics and other secular matters, they have been seen as figures separate from the larger military class. However, as Mikael Adolphson reveals in his comprehensive and authoritative examination of the social origins of the monastic forces, political conditions, and warfare practices of the Heian (794–1185) and Kamakura (1185–1333) eras, these "monk-warriors"(sôhei) were in reality inseparable from the warrior class. Their negative image, Adolphson argues, is a construct that grew out of artistic sources critical of the established temples from the fourteenth century on. In deconstructing the sôhei image and looking for clues as to the characteristics, role, and meaning of the monastic forces, The Teeth and Claws of the Buddha highlights the importance of historical circumstances; it also points to the fallacies of allowing later, especially modern, notions of religion to exert undue influence on interpretations of the past. It further suggests that, rather than constituting a separate category of violence, religious violence needs to be understood in its political, social, military, and ideological contexts.
The Ethical Fantasy of Rhetorical Theory
Author: Ira Allen
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN: 0822983427
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 289
Book Description
Despite its centrality to its field, there is no consensus regarding what rhetorical theory is and why it matters. The Ethical Fantasy of Rhetorical Theory presents a critical examination of rhetorical theory throughout history, in order to develop a unifying vision for the field. Demonstrating that theorists have always been skeptical of, yet committed to "truth" (however fantastic), Ira Allen develops rigorous notions of truth and of a "troubled freedom" that spring from rhetoric’s depths. In a sweeping analysis from the sophists Aristotle, and Cicero through Kenneth Burke, Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyceta, and contemporary scholars in English, communication, and rhetoric’s other disciplinary homes, Allen offers a novel definition of rhetorical theory: as the self-consciously ethical study of how humans and other symbolic animals negotiate constraints.
Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press
ISBN: 0822983427
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 289
Book Description
Despite its centrality to its field, there is no consensus regarding what rhetorical theory is and why it matters. The Ethical Fantasy of Rhetorical Theory presents a critical examination of rhetorical theory throughout history, in order to develop a unifying vision for the field. Demonstrating that theorists have always been skeptical of, yet committed to "truth" (however fantastic), Ira Allen develops rigorous notions of truth and of a "troubled freedom" that spring from rhetoric’s depths. In a sweeping analysis from the sophists Aristotle, and Cicero through Kenneth Burke, Chaïm Perelman and Lucie Olbrechts-Tyceta, and contemporary scholars in English, communication, and rhetoric’s other disciplinary homes, Allen offers a novel definition of rhetorical theory: as the self-consciously ethical study of how humans and other symbolic animals negotiate constraints.
Rhetoric, Through Everyday Things
Author: Scot Barnett
Publisher: University of Alabama Press
ISBN: 0817319190
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 281
Book Description
Rhetoric, Through Everyday Things is the first book-length collection of essays that explore the vibrant materiality of everyday objects in rhetorical theory, practice, and writing. It examines how things such as food, bicycles, and typewriters can influence history and sociality.
Publisher: University of Alabama Press
ISBN: 0817319190
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 281
Book Description
Rhetoric, Through Everyday Things is the first book-length collection of essays that explore the vibrant materiality of everyday objects in rhetorical theory, practice, and writing. It examines how things such as food, bicycles, and typewriters can influence history and sociality.
Bodily Arts
Author: Debra Hawhee
Publisher: University of Texas Press
ISBN: 0292757026
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 241
Book Description
The role of athletics in ancient Greece extended well beyond the realms of kinesiology, competition, and entertainment. In teaching and philosophy, athletic practices overlapped with rhetorical ones and formed a shared mode of knowledge production. Bodily Arts examines this intriguing intersection, offering an important context for understanding the attitudes of ancient Greeks toward themselves and their environment. In classical society, rhetoric was an activity, one that was in essence "performed." Detailing how athletics came to be rhetoric's "twin art" in the bodily aspects of learning and performance, Bodily Arts draws on diverse orators and philosophers such as Isocrates, Demosthenes, and Plato, as well as medical treatises and a wealth of artifacts from the time, including statues and vases. Debra Hawhee's insightful study spotlights the notion of a classical gymnasium as the location for a habitual "mingling" of athletic and rhetorical performances, and the use of ancient athletic instruction to create rhetorical training based on rhythm, repetition, and response. Presenting her data against the backdrop of a broad cultural perspective rather than a narrow disciplinary one, Hawhee presents a pioneering interpretation of Greek civilization from the sixth, fifth, and fourth centuries BCE by observing its citizens in action.
Publisher: University of Texas Press
ISBN: 0292757026
Category : Literary Criticism
Languages : en
Pages : 241
Book Description
The role of athletics in ancient Greece extended well beyond the realms of kinesiology, competition, and entertainment. In teaching and philosophy, athletic practices overlapped with rhetorical ones and formed a shared mode of knowledge production. Bodily Arts examines this intriguing intersection, offering an important context for understanding the attitudes of ancient Greeks toward themselves and their environment. In classical society, rhetoric was an activity, one that was in essence "performed." Detailing how athletics came to be rhetoric's "twin art" in the bodily aspects of learning and performance, Bodily Arts draws on diverse orators and philosophers such as Isocrates, Demosthenes, and Plato, as well as medical treatises and a wealth of artifacts from the time, including statues and vases. Debra Hawhee's insightful study spotlights the notion of a classical gymnasium as the location for a habitual "mingling" of athletic and rhetorical performances, and the use of ancient athletic instruction to create rhetorical training based on rhythm, repetition, and response. Presenting her data against the backdrop of a broad cultural perspective rather than a narrow disciplinary one, Hawhee presents a pioneering interpretation of Greek civilization from the sixth, fifth, and fourth centuries BCE by observing its citizens in action.
Complacency
Author: John T. Hamilton
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226818624
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 132
Book Description
"This short book examines the history of complacency in Classics with implications for our contemporary moment. It responds to a published piece by the philosopher Simon Blackburn ["The Seven Deadly Sins of the Academy," Times Higher Education (2009)] who presented "complacency" as a vice that impairs university study at its core. If today this sin is most discernible among scientists who feel that their rigorous training and verifiable results authorize them to assume omniscience in all areas of learning, this book points out that, from the nineteenth to early twentieth century, this presumption fell instead to Classicists. The subjects, philosophies, and literatures of ancient Greece and Rome were treated as the foundation of learning; everything else devolving from them. What, Hamilton wants to know, might this model of superiority derived from the golden age of the Classical Tradition share with the current hegemony of mathematics and the natural sciences? How can the qualitative methods of Classics relate to the quantitative methods of big data, statistical reasoning, and numerical abstraction, which currently characterize academic complacency? And how did the discipline of Classics lose its prominent standing in the university, yielding its position to more empirical modes of research? Finally, how does this particular strain of scholarly smugness inflect the personal, ethical, and political complacency we encounter today?"--
Publisher: University of Chicago Press
ISBN: 0226818624
Category : Education
Languages : en
Pages : 132
Book Description
"This short book examines the history of complacency in Classics with implications for our contemporary moment. It responds to a published piece by the philosopher Simon Blackburn ["The Seven Deadly Sins of the Academy," Times Higher Education (2009)] who presented "complacency" as a vice that impairs university study at its core. If today this sin is most discernible among scientists who feel that their rigorous training and verifiable results authorize them to assume omniscience in all areas of learning, this book points out that, from the nineteenth to early twentieth century, this presumption fell instead to Classicists. The subjects, philosophies, and literatures of ancient Greece and Rome were treated as the foundation of learning; everything else devolving from them. What, Hamilton wants to know, might this model of superiority derived from the golden age of the Classical Tradition share with the current hegemony of mathematics and the natural sciences? How can the qualitative methods of Classics relate to the quantitative methods of big data, statistical reasoning, and numerical abstraction, which currently characterize academic complacency? And how did the discipline of Classics lose its prominent standing in the university, yielding its position to more empirical modes of research? Finally, how does this particular strain of scholarly smugness inflect the personal, ethical, and political complacency we encounter today?"--
Rhetorical Realism
Author: Scot Barnett
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317235371
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 394
Book Description
Rhetorical Realism responds to the surging interest in nonhumans across the humanities by exploring how realist commitments have historically accompanied understandings of rhetoric from antiquity to the present. For a discipline that often defines itself according to human speech and writing, the nonhuman turn poses a number of challenges and opportunities for rhetoric. To date, many of the responses to the nonhuman turn in rhetoric have sought to address rhetoric’s compatibility with new conceptions of materiality. In Rhetorical Realism, Scot Barnett extends this work by transforming it into a new historiographic methodology attuned to the presence and occlusion of things in rhetorical history. Through investigations of rhetoric’s place in Aristotelian metaphysics, the language invention movement of the seventeenth century, and postmodern conceptions of rhetoric as an epistemic art, Barnett’s study expands the scope of rhetorical inquiry by showing how realist ideas have worked to frame rhetoric’s scope and meanings during key moments in its history. Ultimately, Barnett argues that all versions of rhetoric depend upon some realist assumptions about the world. Rather than conceive of the nonhuman as a dramatic turning point in rhetorical theory, Rhetorical Realism encourages rhetorical theorists to turn another eye toward what rhetoricians have always done—defining and configuring rhetoric within a broader ontology of things.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317235371
Category : Language Arts & Disciplines
Languages : en
Pages : 394
Book Description
Rhetorical Realism responds to the surging interest in nonhumans across the humanities by exploring how realist commitments have historically accompanied understandings of rhetoric from antiquity to the present. For a discipline that often defines itself according to human speech and writing, the nonhuman turn poses a number of challenges and opportunities for rhetoric. To date, many of the responses to the nonhuman turn in rhetoric have sought to address rhetoric’s compatibility with new conceptions of materiality. In Rhetorical Realism, Scot Barnett extends this work by transforming it into a new historiographic methodology attuned to the presence and occlusion of things in rhetorical history. Through investigations of rhetoric’s place in Aristotelian metaphysics, the language invention movement of the seventeenth century, and postmodern conceptions of rhetoric as an epistemic art, Barnett’s study expands the scope of rhetorical inquiry by showing how realist ideas have worked to frame rhetoric’s scope and meanings during key moments in its history. Ultimately, Barnett argues that all versions of rhetoric depend upon some realist assumptions about the world. Rather than conceive of the nonhuman as a dramatic turning point in rhetorical theory, Rhetorical Realism encourages rhetorical theorists to turn another eye toward what rhetoricians have always done—defining and configuring rhetoric within a broader ontology of things.