Revisiting Effects of Nitrogen Incorporation and Graphitization on Conductivity of Ultra-nano-crystalline Diamond Films PDF Download
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Author: Tanvi Nikhar Publisher: ISBN: 9781687903624 Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 62
Book Description
Diamond has many superior electric and electronic properties over other materials, yet its application in electronic devices is severely limited due to difficulties in producing n-type conductivity in diamond as available dopants all have activation energy much larger than the thermal energy, kT, at room temperature. The substitutional doping of nitrogen in grain boundaries of granular graphitic-rich ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films provides for high conductivities even at room temperature with an apparent activation energy to be much lower than kT. Such low activation energy is a consequence of the formation of new electronic states associated with carbon and nitrogen near and above the Fermi level. However, the relative contribution of sp2 graphitic phase and incorporated nitrogen to the conduction of the films remains unclear.In the present work, structural and electrical properties of nitrogen-incorporated (N)UNCD films are studied as a function of deposition temperature and nitrogen concentration in the precursor synthesis gas mixture consisting of H2, CH4 and N2. Four sets of (N)UNCD films with 0%, 5%, 10% and 20% nitrogen concentration in the synthesis gas were produced by microwave assisted chemical vapor deposition on intrinsic (100)-oriented Si substrates.Resistance tunability over a range of about 4 orders of magnitude was achieved by varying the growth parameters. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that the UNCD films undergo a progressive and highly reproducible material phase transformation, from ultra-nano-diamond to nanocrystalline graphite as deposition temperature increases. Addition of nitrogen increases the amount of sp2 bonded carbon in the films thus enhancing the physical connectivity in the grain boundary network that have high electronic state density and leads to improved conductivity. However, crystallinity of sp2 carbon phase remains another (previously underestimated) major factor in determining the conductivity of (N)UNCD films.
Author: Tanvi Nikhar Publisher: ISBN: 9781687903624 Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 62
Book Description
Diamond has many superior electric and electronic properties over other materials, yet its application in electronic devices is severely limited due to difficulties in producing n-type conductivity in diamond as available dopants all have activation energy much larger than the thermal energy, kT, at room temperature. The substitutional doping of nitrogen in grain boundaries of granular graphitic-rich ultra-nanocrystalline diamond (UNCD) films provides for high conductivities even at room temperature with an apparent activation energy to be much lower than kT. Such low activation energy is a consequence of the formation of new electronic states associated with carbon and nitrogen near and above the Fermi level. However, the relative contribution of sp2 graphitic phase and incorporated nitrogen to the conduction of the films remains unclear.In the present work, structural and electrical properties of nitrogen-incorporated (N)UNCD films are studied as a function of deposition temperature and nitrogen concentration in the precursor synthesis gas mixture consisting of H2, CH4 and N2. Four sets of (N)UNCD films with 0%, 5%, 10% and 20% nitrogen concentration in the synthesis gas were produced by microwave assisted chemical vapor deposition on intrinsic (100)-oriented Si substrates.Resistance tunability over a range of about 4 orders of magnitude was achieved by varying the growth parameters. Raman spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) results show that the UNCD films undergo a progressive and highly reproducible material phase transformation, from ultra-nano-diamond to nanocrystalline graphite as deposition temperature increases. Addition of nitrogen increases the amount of sp2 bonded carbon in the films thus enhancing the physical connectivity in the grain boundary network that have high electronic state density and leads to improved conductivity. However, crystallinity of sp2 carbon phase remains another (previously underestimated) major factor in determining the conductivity of (N)UNCD films.
Author: Olga A. Shenderova Publisher: William Andrew ISBN: 0815519427 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 621
Book Description
Ultrananocrystalline Diamond: Syntheses, Properties, and Applications is a unique practical reference handbook that brings together the basic science of nanoscale carbon structures, particularly its diamond phase, with detailed information on nanodiamond synthesis, properties, and applications. Here you will learn about UNCD in its two forms, as a dispersed powder made by detonation techniques and as a chemical vapor deposited film. You will also learn about the superior mechanical, tribological, transport, electrochemical, and electron emission properties of UNCD for a wide range of applications including MEMS, NEMS, surface acoustic wave (SAW) devices, electrochemical sensors, coatings for field emission arrays, photonic and RF switching, biosensors, and neural prostheses, and more. This ôEverything about Ultra-nanocrystalline Diamondö book with 16 chapters is written by leading experts worldwide. It is for everyone who researches carbon nanostructures, everyone who produces them, everyone who characterizes them, and everyone who builds devices using them.
Author: Dieter M. Gruen Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9781402033216 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 420
Book Description
Ultrananocrystalline diamond (UNCD) is one of the important members of the triad of nanostructured carbons, which includes fullerenes and nanotubes. UNCD with characteristic sizes of primary particles less than 10 nm occurs in two forms: as a dispersed powder made by detonation techniques and as a chemical vapor deposited film. This book for the first time combines results of research pursued by the two communities of scientists, which up to now, have been working rather independently and largely unaware of the vast synergistic relationships existing between them. It is particularly noteworthy that much of the Russian work on disperse UNCD is available here in English for the first time. The outstanding experts in the two fields are represented in this volume discussing the basic theoretical concepts underlying the synthesis and characterization of these nanomaterials and describing progress that has been made in several areas of applications such as nanocomposites, selective adsorbents, colloidal suspensions, microabrasives, lubricants, quantum dots, cold-cathodes for UNCD particles and MEMS, biosensors, electrochemical, and nerve prostheses, high temperature, highly rectifying diodes, FET’s, thermoelectrics for UNCD films. This Proceedings volume will be of interest to a wide audience of scientists and engineers and serve as an introduction to an important and rapidly evolving field of nanoscience and nanomaterials; as a text for a special topics graduate course; or as a starting point for those interested in the development of new approaches to problems that have hitherto defied solution for lack of suitable materials.
Author: Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128202416 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 318
Book Description
Diamond for Quantum Applications Part 1, Volume 103, the latest release in the Semiconductors and Semimetals series, highlights new advances in the field, with this new volume presenting interesting chapters on a variety of timely topics. Each chapter is written by an international board of authors. Provides the authority and expertise of leading contributors from an international board of authors Presents the latest release in the Semiconductors and Semimetals series Updated release includes the latest information on the use of diamonds for quantum applications
Author: Huan-Cheng Chang Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119477085 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 294
Book Description
The most comprehensive reference on fluorescent nanodiamond physical and chemical properties and contemporary applications Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) have drawn a great deal of attention over the past several years, and their applications and development potential are proving to be manifold and vast. The first and only book of its kind, Fluorescent Nanodiamonds is a comprehensive guide to the basic science and technical information needed to fully understand the fundamentals of FNDs and their potential applications across an array of domains. In demonstrating the importance of FNDs in biological applications, the authors bring together all relevant chemistry, physics, materials science and biology. Nanodiamonds are produced by powerful cataclysmic events such as explosions, volcanic eruptions and meteorite impacts. They also can be created in the lab by high-pressure high-temperature treatment of graphite or detonating an explosive in a reactor vessel. A single imperfection can give a nanodiamond a specific, isolated color center which allows it to function as a single, trapped atom. Much smaller than the thickness of a human hair, a nanodiamond can have a huge surface area that allows it to bond with a variety of other materials. Because of their non-toxicity, nanodiamonds may be useful in biomedical applications, such as drug delivery and gene therapy. The most comprehensive reference on a topic of rapidly increasing interest among academic and industrial researchers across an array of fields Includes numerous case studies and practical examples from many areas of research and industrial applications, as well as fascinating and instructive historical perspectives Each chapter addresses, in-depth, a single integral topic including the fundamental properties, synthesis, mechanisms and functionalisation of FNDs The first book published by the key patent holder with his research group in the field of FNDs Fluorescent Nanodiamonds is an important working resource for a broad range of scientists and engineers in industry and academia. It will also be a welcome reference for instructors in chemistry, physics, materials science, biology and related fields.
Author: Mei Zhang Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319228617 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 576
Book Description
This book covers a wide range of topics relating to carbon nanomaterials, from synthesis and functionalization to applications in advanced biomedical devices and systems. As they possess unique and attractive chemical, physical, optical, and even magnetic properties for various applications, considerable effort has been made to employ carbon nanomaterials (e.g., fullerenes, carbon nanotubes, graphene, nanodiamond) as new materials for the development of novel biomedical tools, such as diagnostic sensors, imaging agents, and drug/gene delivery systems for both diagnostics and clinical treatment. Tremendous progress has been made and the scattered literature continues to grow rapidly. With chapters by world-renowned experts providing an overview of the state of the science as well as an understanding of the challenges that lie ahead, Carbon Nanomaterials for Biomedical Applications is essential reading not only for experienced scientists and engineers in biomedical and nanomaterials areas, but also for graduate students and advanced undergraduates in materials science and engineering, chemistry, and biology.
Author: Vasilios Georgakilas Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 352767277X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 507
Book Description
All set to become the standard reference on the topic, this book covers the most important procedures for chemical functionalization, making it an indispensable resource for all chemists, physicists, materials scientists and engineers entering or already working in the field. Expert authors share their knowledge on a wide range of different functional groups, including organic functional groups, hydrogen, halogen, nanoparticles and polymers.
Author: Tanvi Nikhar
Author: Tanvi Nikhar
Author: James Patrick Birrell
Author: Olga A. Shenderova
Author: Salem Al Faify
Author: Dieter M. Gruen
Author: Kwok Leung Ma
Author: 
Author: Huan-Cheng Chang
Author: Mei Zhang
Author: Vasilios Georgakilas