Author: Yin-Chao YenPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice
Languages : en
Pages : 44
Book Description
Review of Thermal Properties of Snow, Ice, and Sea Ice
Author: Yin-Chao YenThe Mechanical Properties of Sea Ice
Author: W. F. WeeksPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Ice mechanics
Languages : en
Pages : 100
Book Description
The review discusses the state of thinking of each of the main national groups investigating sea ice and gives an overall appraisal of the field as a whole. Emphasis is placed on (1) the physical basis for interpreting sea ice strength (phase relations, air volume, and structural considerations), (2) theoretical considerations (strength models, air bubbles and salt reinforcement, and interrelations between growth conditions and strength), (3) experimental results (tensile, flexural, shear, and compressive strength, elastic modulus, shear modulus and Poisson's ratio, time dependent effects, and creep), and (4) plate characteristics. The paper includes a review of problems in sea ice investigations, relates the chemical, crystallographic, mechanical, and physical aspects involved, and concludes by showing how to utilize this knowledge to solve practical problems. (Author).
Sea Ice
Author: David N. ThomasPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118778383
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 666
Book Description
Over the past 20 years the study of the frozen Arctic and Southern Oceans and sub-arctic seas has progressed at a remarkable pace. This third edition of Sea Ice gives insight into the very latest understanding of the how sea ice is formed, how we measure (and model) its extent, the biology that lives within and associated with sea ice and the effect of climate change on its distribution. How sea ice influences the oceanography of underlying waters and the influences that sea ice has on humans living in Arctic regions are also discussed. Featuring twelve new chapters, this edition follows two previous editions (2001 and 2010), and the need for this latest update exhibits just how rapidly the science of sea ice is developing. The 27 chapters are written by a team of more than 50 of the worlds’ leading experts in their fields. These combine to make the book the most comprehensive introduction to the physics, chemistry, biology and geology of sea ice that there is. This third edition of Sea Ice will be a key resource for all policy makers, researchers and students who work with the frozen oceans and seas.
Composition of Sea Ice and Its Tensile Strength
Author: A. AssurPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Salt
Languages : en
Pages : 68
Book Description
Part of the salts contained in sea water are trapped in sea ice upon freezing. They form liquid and solid inclusions in a systematic pattern. The amount depends upon temperature and salinity. A detailed table of phase relations is given and a general theory is derived to show how the internal cavities may affect the strength of sea ice. The general theory leads to specific models. The principle of ring tensile strength tests is explained and a series for evaluation is given. Test data lead to a substantiation of theoretical principles and to an illustration of several hypotheses concerning the effect of solid salt inclusions upon strength. Observed sea ice phenomena are explained on the basis of internal structure. (Author).
Sea Ice Analysis and Forecasting
Author: Tom CarrieresPublisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1108417426
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 263
Book Description
A comprehensive overview of the science involved in automated prediction of sea ice, for sea ice analysts, researchers, and professionals.
Special Report
Author: Scientific and Technical Aerospace Reports
Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Aeronautics
Languages : en
Pages : 1126
Book Description
Lists citations with abstracts for aerospace related reports obtained from world wide sources and announces documents that have recently been entered into the NASA Scientific and Technical Information Database.
SIPRE Report
Author: Homogenization of Coupled Phenomena in Heterogenous Media
Author: Jean-Louis AuriaultPublisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 0470610441
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 479
Book Description
Both naturally-occurring and man-made materials are often heterogeneous materials formed of various constituents with different properties and behaviours. Studies are usually carried out on volumes of materials that contain a large number of heterogeneities. Describing these media by using appropriate mathematical models to describe each constituent turns out to be an intractable problem. Instead they are generally investigated by using an equivalent macroscopic description - relative to the microscopic heterogeneity scale - which describes the overall behaviour of the media. Fundamental questions then arise: Is such an equivalent macroscopic description possible? What is the domain of validity of this macroscopic description? The homogenization technique provides complete and rigorous answers to these questions. This book aims to summarize the homogenization technique and its contribution to engineering sciences. Researchers, graduate students and engineers will find here a unified and concise presentation. The book is divided into four parts whose main topics are Introduction to the homogenization technique for periodic or random media, with emphasis on the physics involved in the mathematical process and the applications to real materials. Heat and mass transfers in porous media Newtonian fluid flow in rigid porous media under different regimes Quasi-statics and dynamics of saturated deformable porous media Each part is illustrated by numerical or analytical applications as well as comparison with the self-consistent approach.
Antarctic Sea Ice
Author: Martin O. JeffriesPublisher: American Geophysical Union
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 416
Book Description
Published by the American Geophysical Union as part of the Antarctic Research Series, Volume 74. In a 1971 Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research report that reviewed polar contrasts in sea ice, Lyn Lewis and Willy Weeks made the following observation: "People who study sea ice in the Arctic Basin are commonly asked if they have ever studied ice in Antarctica, and they answer 'why bother, it's the same old stuff." Noting this was "fortunately true to a considerable extent," they added "It is clear that future work will depend critically on the logistics facilities available to allow surface observations beyond the fast ice edge at all seasons of the year. Of almost equal importance will be the development of instruments and recording equipment suited for use in the polar environment" (Lewis, E. L., and W. F. Weeks, Sea Ice: Some Polar Contrasts, in, Antarctic Ice and Water Masses, edited by G. Deacon, Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Cambridge, 23-34, 1971). Lewis and Weeks made no specific mention of Earth-orbiting satellites, on which the first passive microwave sensor became operational in December 1972. Less than a year later the giant Weddell Polynya was observed for the first time. Perhaps more than any other development, this unexpected feature illustrated the potential to greatly expand our knowledge of sea ice through the application of spaceborne remote sensing. Simultaneously, it acted as a catalyst for a significant increase in the level of research.