Review and Implementation Study of Biomonitoring for Assessment of Air Quality Outcomes PDF Download

Author: Great Britain. Environment Agency
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781844328260
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 170

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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309102723
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 317

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Book Description
Biomonitoring—a method for measuring amounts of toxic chemicals in human tissues—is a valuable tool for studying potentially harmful environmental chemicals. Biomonitoring data have been used to confirm exposures to chemicals and validate public health policies. For example, population biomonitoring data showing high blood lead concentrations resulted in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA's) regulatory reduction of lead in gasoline; biomonitoring data confirmed a resultant drop in blood lead concentrations. Despite recent advances, the science needed to understand the implications of the biomonitoring data for human health is still in its nascent stages. Use of the data also raises communication and ethical challenges. In response to a congressional request, EPA asked the National Research Council to address those challenges in an independent study. Human Biomonitoring for Environmental Chemicals provides a framework for improving the use of biomonitoring data including developing and using biomarkers (measures of exposure), research to improve the interpretation of data, ways to communicate findings to the public, and a review of ethical issues.

Author: Mira Aničić Uroević
Publisher: Nova Science Publishers
ISBN: 9781536100518
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Air pollution has been recognised as the worlds top problem in many strategic environmental policies. However, it is still inadequately corroborated by regulatory monitoring due to the balance between costs and practicable constraints. The variability in air pollution patterns additionally emphasises a need for feasible approaches to extensive screening of pollutants. To achieve highly temporally -- and spatially -- resolved measurements, biomonitoring (ie: the use of living organisms to determine changes in the environment has been utilised in the investigating of a complementary method to regulatory measurements). The book aims to give reviews of research over the last decade of the most recommended organisms for monitoring airborne inorganic and organic pollutants. Naturally growing mosses and lichens have been used as passive biomonitors of long-term atmospheric deposition of the pollutants across remote areas. To overcome scarcity of these biomonitors in anthropogenically devastated areas, an active biomonitoring approach has been investigated. Specifically, the use of moss and lichen bags represents a convenient technique for easily performed biomonitoring of short-term and small-scale pollutant distribution, especially in urban and industrial areas. As a new direction in biomonitoring, magnetic properties of the biomonitors have been investigated as a valuable proxy for ambient particle pollution. This book moves beyond the attempt to promote biomonitoring as an effective approach for screening air quality that should be considered for implementation into laws and regulations against air pollution. Finally, the authors review the latest research in the field of air pollution biomonitoring, which is vital for everyone engaged in solving environmental issues.

Author: Stefan Nickel
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3031256360
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 96

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The book provides a unique analysis of current air pollution in Germany by correlating results from chemical transport modelling and accumulation monitoring by moss.Results of most recent modelling of atmospheric concentration and deposition of the metal elements Cd, Hg and Pb are compared with the results of technical measurements and bioindication with mosses. These modelling results with status 2020 have a higher spatial resolution of 0.1° x 0.1° than the modelling results valid up to then (50 km x 50 km). This leads to partly slightly higher correlations between the findings of the modelling and those of the moss monitoring. In this study, descriptive and correlation-statistical parameters are calculated, results and recommendations drawn described. A statistically adequately deepened analysis and evaluation of the highresolution modelling results requires additional methodological tools, which are outlined in summary. It is particularly important to link the exposure data from modelling, technical measurements and the findings from moss monitoring with information on the receptors, the ecosystem types. This is the only way to ensure that the results of the present project contribute to a more differentiated assessment of the impacts on ecosystems from atmospheric heavy metal deposition than has been the case to date, thus enabling a targeted further development of risk assessments for German

Author: Supriya Tiwari
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0323859844
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 392

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Book Description
New Paradigms in Environmental Biomonitoring Using Plants highlights and explores the importance of biomonitoring methodologies and the latest updates in the field. The book presents a holistic approach toward the different aspects of biomonitoring, focusing mainly upon the inclusion of newly emerging concepts of environmental genomics, metabarcoding, and cheminformatics and biomarkers, among other technologies; helping to explore and establish a new outlook for biomonitoring frameworks. This book compiles all aspects of biomonitoring including traditional and modern techniques, using a multidimensional approach without focusing on any specific pollutant. Most biomonitoring programs implemented until now have focused more on traditional methods. This book covers new approaches to biomonitoring that could improve on the currently limited capabilities of existing schemes. The book highlights the possible scope for enriching existing datasets and characterizing biodiversity in situ in a far more complete way than has been possible previously. New Paradigms in Environmental Biomonitoring Using Plants will be important for researchers, academics, postgraduates and undergraduate students in environmental, plant, crop and soil sciences, to provide up-to-date and emerging technologies in biomonitoring for environmental assessment, leading to a new vision of biomonitoring. It will also be helpful for risk assessment professionals and stakeholders involved in planning the future biomonitoring programs. - Forms a cohesive source of information for technologies of use in environmental monitoring. - Discusses newly emerging techniques in biomonitoring, including cutting-edge advances in ecology and genomics. - Covers current biomonitoring concepts and programs, and also includes a holistic approach for biomonitoring.

Author: Bernd A. Markert
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 9780080441771
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1024

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Author: Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309037263
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 703

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"The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.

Author: Elżbieta Kalisińska
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030001210
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 707

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Book Description
The population explosion that began in the 1960s has been accompanied by a decrease in the quality of the natural environment, e.g. pollution of the air, water and soil with essential and toxic trace elements. Numerous poisonings of people and animals with highly toxic anthropogenic Hg and Cd in the 20th century prompted the creation of the abiotic environment, mainly in developed countries. However, the system is insufficient for long-term exposure to low concentrations of various substances that are mainly ingested through food and water. This problem could be addressed by the monitoring of sentinels – organisms that accumulate trace elements and as such reflect the rate and degree of environmental pollution. Usually these are long-lived vertebrates – herbivorous, omnivorous and carnivorous birds and mammals, especially game species. This book describes the responses of the sentinels most commonly used in ecotoxicological studies to 17 trace elements.

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 030912056X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 166

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The National Children's Study (NCS) is planned to be the largest long-term study of environmental and genetic effects on children's health ever conducted in the United States. It proposes to examine the effects of environmental influences on the health and development of approximately 100,000 children across the United States, following them from before birth until age 21. By archiving all of the data collected, the NCS is intended to provide a valuable resource for analyses conducted many years into the future. This book evaluates the research plan for the NCS, by assessing the scientific rigor of the study and the extent to which it is being carried out with methods, measures, and collection of data and specimens to maximize the scientific yield of the study. The book concludes that if the NCS is conducted as proposed, the database derived from the study should be valuable for investigating hypotheses described in the research plan as well as additional hypotheses that will evolve. Nevertheless, there are important weaknesses and shortcomings in the research plan that diminish the study's expected value below what it might be.

Author: Deborah V Chapman
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 0419215905
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 658

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This guidebook, now thoroughly updated and revised in its second edition, gives comprehensive advice on the designing and setting up of monitoring programmes for the purpose of providing valid data for water quality assessments in all types of freshwater bodies. It is clearly and concisely written in order to provide the essential information for all agencies and individuals responsible for the water quality.