Resistance and Metabolism of Imidacloprid in Colorado Potato Beetle, Leptinotarsa Decemlineata Say (Coleoptera:Chrysomelidae) PDF Download

Author: David Mota-Sanchez
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Colorado potato beetle
Languages : en
Pages : 278

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Author: Kathleen Schnaars Uvino
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781303762789
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 326

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The Colorado potato beetle, Leptinotarsa decemlineata is infamous for its' ability to develop resistance to insecticides and remains the most important insect defoliator of potatoes today. Long Island populations of the Colorado potato beetle have been at the forefront of developing resistance to every newly developed insecticide. Managing the evolution of resistance requires cultural as well as chemical means. Cultural efforts include field rotation, crop rotation, chemical rotation as well as refugia. Movement plays an integral part of both, the cultural schemes intended to thwart resistance evolution and the life history traits of the Colorado potato beetle. The use of refuges and crop rotation are often promoted to supplement the use of chemical pesticides in an effort to control crop pests. Refuges are untreated areas adjacent to treated crops, where susceptible genes can survive. The efficacy of refuges depends on movement between treated and untreated areas. Differences in movement between resistant and susceptible beetles can play a big role in the success of the refuge or rotation plan. Crop rotation can reduce the amount of insecticide used through dosage levels or frequency of application and slows insects' resistance evolution. Resistance to insecticides often has fitness costs associated with that resistance. I hypothesized that resistance to the insecticide Imidacloprid is correlated with reduced movement capability in Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) (henceforth potato beetles), the primary insect defoliator of potato plants. I examined whether migratory ability or flight propensity have a cost of resistance to imidacloprid in Colorado potato beetles, Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Say) by examining LD50's of flying emergers and walking emergers in the spring. Imidacloprid is the most widely used and in some cases the only effective insecticide for Colorado potato beetle control and there is currently a wide range of variation in resistance. In the spring overwintering potato beetle adults halt diapause and emerge from overwintering sites. For the purposes of this work I will use the definition of diapause presented by Tauber et al (1986): "a neurohormonally mediated, dynamic state of minimal activity that occurs during a genetically determined stage(s) of metamorphosis, usually in response to environmental stimuli that precede unfavorable conditions." Diapause in the Colorado potato beetle begins before the harsh conditions set in (loss of host and cold temperatures). It is an important strategy employed by many temperate zone insects for overwintering. Upon emergence from the overwintering site they emigrate to colonize local and distant fields. Emergence from diapause therefore offers an opportunity to sample genetically diverse groups of beetles. My results indicate that emerging flyers have a higher level of resistance than emerging walkers from overwintering sites. I also examined populations that were under intense selection pressure from one chemical, Spinosad, and largely isolated from other fields or populations. Spinosad is produced by a soil dwelling bacterium called Saccharopolyspora spinosa and it kills by ingestion. Spinosad is currently the only approved chemical available to Organic farmers on Long Island. These results indicate complete failure of Spinosad on that population but less resistance on distant populations and less resistance on populations from conventionally managed fields, all in Suffolk County, Long Island. Additionally early spring colonists of rotated and `non-rotated' fields were evaluated for resistance levels for 3 years. For two of the three years, colonists on long distance rotated fields had high LD50. Assuming long distance colonization is more likely dependent on flight, this is consistent with my results that emerging flyers have a higher LD50 than emerging walkers.

Author: Christiane N. Gouamene Lamine
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Colorado potato beetle
Languages : en
Pages : 178

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 730

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Author: Prabhat Kumar Srivastava
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119432197
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 312

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A guide to the diversity of pesticides used in modern agricultural practices, and the relevant social and environmental issues Pesticides in Crop Production offers an important resource that explores pesticide action in plants; pesticide metabolism in soil microbes, plants and animals; bioaccumulation of pesticides and sensitiveness of microbiome towards pesticides. The authors explore pesticide risk assessment, the development of pesticide resistance in pests, microbial remediation of pesticide intoxicated legumes and pesticide toxicity amelioration in plants by plant hormones. The authors include information on eco-friendly pest management. They review the impact of pesticides on soil microorganism, crops and other plants along with the impact on other organisms like aquatic fauna and terrestrial animals including human beings. The book also contains an analysis of pesticide by GC-MS/MS (Gas Chromatography tandem Mass Spectrometry) a reliable method for the quantification and confirmation of multiclass pesticide residues. This important book: Offers a comprehensive guide to the use of the diversity of pesticides and the pertinent social and environmental issues Explores the impact of pesticides from morphological, anatomical, physiological and biochemical perspectives Shows how pesticides affects soil microorganisms, crops and other plants along with the impact on other organisms like aquatic fauna and animals Critically examines whether chemical pesticides are boon or bane and whether they can be replaced by environmental friendly pesticides Written for students, researchers and professionals in agriculture, botany, entomology and biotechnology, Pesticides in Crop Production examines the effects of chemical pesticides and the feasibility of using bio-pesticides.

Author: Mark Edward Whalon
Publisher: CABI
ISBN: 1845933532
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 177

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Pesticide resistance has had a substantial impact on crop production and has been an important driver of change in modern agriculture, animal production and human health. Due to increased selection pressure, this resistance can be linked to export/import health and phytosanitary standards, invasive species eradication projects and global pandemics. However, the development of new biological and chemical products and the use of integrated pest management strategies have been successful in reducing pesticide resistance. Focusing specifically on arthropods, this book provides a comprehensive review of relevant issues in pesticide resistance. Detailed listings and references to all documented reports of resistance from around the world are included as well as discussions on the mechanisms and evolution of resistance and management techniques.

Author: Ephraim Cohen
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319407406
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 715

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Emphasis is placed on the elaborate cuticular matrices in insects and crustaceans, spider and insect silks, sialomes of phytophagous and blood-feeding arthropods as well as on secretions of male and female accessory glands. Focus is placed largely on insects, due to the extensive body of published research that in part is the result of available whole genome sequences of several model species (in particular Drosophila melanogaster) and accessible ESTs for other species. Such advances have facilitated fundamental insights into genomic, proteomic and molecular biology-based physiology. This new volume contains comprehensive contributions on extracellular composite matrices in arthropods. The building blocks of such matrices are formed in and secreted by single layered epithelial cells into exterior domains where their final assembly takes place.Additionally, the unique mechanical properties of natural biocomposites like chitin/chitosan, the crustacean mineralized exoskeleton, the pliant protein resilin or insect and spider silks, have inspired basic and applied research that yield sophistical biomimetics and structural biocomposite hybrids important for future industrial and biomedical use. In summary, this book provides an invaluable vast source of basic and applied information for a plethora of scientists as well as textbook for graduate and advanced undergraduate students.

Author: Eduardo Espitia-Malagón
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Colorado potato beetle
Languages : en
Pages : 372

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Medicine
Languages : en
Pages : 2164

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Vols. for 1963- include as pt. 2 of the Jan. issue: Medical subject headings.

Author: Hugo Campos
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030286835
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 524

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This book is open access under a CC BY 4.0 license. This book provides a fresh, updated and science-based perspective on the current status and prospects of the diverse array of topics related to the potato, and was written by distinguished scientists with hands-on global experience in research aspects related to potato. The potato is the third most important global food crop in terms of consumption. Being the only vegetatively propagated species among the world’s main five staple crops creates both issues and opportunities for the potato: on the one hand, this constrains the speed of its geographic expansion and its options for international commercialization and distribution when compared with commodity crops such as maize, wheat or rice. On the other, it provides an effective insulation against speculation and unforeseen spikes in commodity prices, since the potato does not represent a good traded on global markets. These two factors highlight the underappreciated and underrated role of the potato as a dependable nutrition security crop, one that can mitigate turmoil in world food supply and demand and political instability in some developing countries. Increasingly, the global role of the potato has expanded from a profitable crop in developing countries to a crop providing income and nutrition security in developing ones. This book will appeal to academics and students of crop sciences, but also policy makers and other stakeholders involved in the potato and its contribution to humankind’s food security.