Author: Peter Beard Publisher: University of Pennsylvania Press ISBN: 9780812216110 Category : Art Languages : en Pages : 132
Book Description
A well illustrated, clearly explained guide to using a wide variety of materials as masks and resists to achieve unusual finishes on clay.
Author: Bernard C. Kress Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 9780470022641 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 638
Book Description
Miniaturization and mass replications have begun to lead the optical industry in the transition from traditional analog to novel digital optics. As digital optics enter the realm of mainstream technology through the worldwide sale of consumer electronic devices, this timely book aims to present the topic of digital optics in a unified way. Ranging from micro-optics to nanophotonics, and design to fabrication through to integration in final products, it reviews the various physical implementations of digital optics in either micro-refractives, waveguide (planar lightwave chips), diffractive and hybrid optics or sub-wavelength structures (resonant gratings, surface plasmons, photonic crystals and metamaterials). Finally, it presents a comprehensive list of industrial and commercial applications that are taking advantage of the unique properties of digital optics. Applied Digital Optics is aimed primarily at optical engineers and product development and technical marketing managers; it is also of interest to graduate-level photonics students and micro-optic foundries. Helps optical engineers review and choose the appropriate software tools to design, model and generate fabrication files. Gives product managers access to an exhaustive list of applications available in today’s market for integrating such digital optics, as well as where the next potential application of digital optics might be. Provides a broad view for technical marketing managers in all aspects of digital optics, and how such optics can be classified. Explains the numerical implementation of optical design and modelling techniques. Enables micro-optics foundries to integrate the latest fabrication and replication techniques, and accordingly fine tune their own fabrication processes.
Author: R.J. Shul Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642569897 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 664
Book Description
Pattern transfer by dry etching and plasma-enhanced chemical vapor de position are two of the cornerstone techniques for modern integrated cir cuit fabrication. The success of these methods has also sparked interest in their application to other techniques, such as surface-micromachined sen sors, read/write heads for data storage and magnetic random access memory (MRAM). The extremely complex chemistry and physics of plasmas and their interactions with the exposed surfaces of semiconductors and other materi als is often overlooked at the manufacturing stage. In this case, the process is optimized by an informed "trial-and-error" approach which relies heavily on design-of-experiment techniques and the intuition of the process engineer. The need for regular cleaning of plasma reactors to remove built-up reaction or precursor gas products adds an extra degree of complexity because the interaction of the reactive species in the plasma with the reactor walls can also have a strong effect on the number of these species available for etching or deposition. Since the microelectronics industry depends on having high process yields at each step of the fabrication process, it is imperative that a full understanding of plasma etching and deposition techniques be achieved.
Author: George Brewer Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323153410 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 377
Book Description
Electron-Beam Technology in Microelectronic Fabrication presents a unified description of the technology of high resolution lithography. This book is organized into six chapters, each treating a major segment of the technology of high resolution lithography. The book examines topics such as the physics of interaction of the electrons with the polymer resist in which the patterns are drawn, the machines that generate and control the beam, and ways of applying electron-beam lithography in device fabrication and in the making of masks for photolithographic replication. Chapter 2 discusses fundamental processes by which patterns are created in resist masks. Chapter 3 describes electron-beam lithography machines, including some details of each of the major elements in the electron-optical column and their effect on the focused electron beam. Chapter 4 presents the use of electron-beam lithography to make discrete devices and integrated circuits. Chapter 5 looks at the techniques and economics of mask fabrication by the use of electron beams. Finally, Chapter 6 presents a comprehensive description and evaluation of the several high resolution replication processes currently under development. This book will be of great value to students and to engineers who want to learn the unique features of high resolution lithography so that they can apply it in research, development, or production of the next generation of microelectronic devices and circuits.
Author: Marc J. Madou Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1439895309 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 670
Book Description
Designed for science and engineering students, this text focuses on emerging trends in processes for fabricating MEMS and NEMS devices. The book reviews different forms of lithography, subtractive material removal processes, and additive technologies. Both top-down and bottom-up fabrication processes are exhaustively covered and the merits of the d
Author: R Newman Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0444601287 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 492
Book Description
Materials Processing - Theory and Practices, Volume 1: Fine Line Lithography reviews technical information as well as the theory and practices of materials processing. It looks at very large scale integration (VLSI) technology, with emphasis on the creation of fine line patterned structures that make up the devices and interconnects of complex functional circuits. It also describes a variety of other technologies that provide finer patterns, from modified versions of optical methods to electron-optic systems, non-plus-ultra of X-ray techniques, and dry processing that uses the chemical or kinetic energies of gas molecules or ions. Organized into five chapters, this volume begins with an overview of the fundamentals of electron and X-ray lithography, with a focus on resists and the way they function, and how they are used in microfabrication. It then discusses electron scattering and its effects on resist exposure and development, electron-beam lithography equipment, X-ray lithography, and optical methods for fine line lithography. It systematically introduces the reader to electron-beam projection techniques, dry processing methods, and application of electron-beam technology to large-scale integrated circuits. Other chapters focus on contact and proximity printing, projection printing, deep-UV lithography, and shadow printing with electrons and ions. The book describes reactive plasma etching and ion beam etching before concluding with a look at factors affecting the performance of the scanning-probe type of systems. This book is a valuable resource for materials engineers and processing engineers, as well as those in the academics and industry.
Author: NIIR Board Publisher: ASIA PACIFIC BUSINESS PRESS Inc. ISBN: 8178330555 Category : Electroplating Languages : en Pages : 334
Book Description
Electroplating and Metal Finishing concerns itself with the development and applications of composites and non metallic coatings. These coatings are used for decorative, protective and functional application. Some of the other common metal surface finishing technologies are phosphating, pickling, electroforming, powder coating etc. Electroplating is the process of applying a metallic coating to an article by passing an electric current through an electrolyte in contact with the article, thereby forming a surface having properties or dimensions different from those of the article. Metal finishing has now come to be known as surface engineering. Surface engineering techniques are generally used to develop a wide range of functional properties. In addition to the decorative aspects, metal finishing aids the protection of metals and alloys from corrosion and rusting. A great potential exists for development of new materials involving, for example, coatings of metals composites particle incorporated anodic coatings and even films of sapphire like materials, porous files of niobium etc. and coating of refractory metals like molybdenum and tungsten. Phosphate coatings have a wide field of application in manufacturing industry, both as an aid to mechanical production operations and in surface finishing. The major applications for phosphate treatments fall into four areas; pre treatment prior to organic coatings, protection against corrosion, anti wear coatings and phosphating as a production aid. Powder coating of aluminium, extrusions in particular, has become an important feature in the finishing of aluminium. There are several advantages of powder; powder coating overspray can be recycled and thus it is possible to achieve nearly 100% use of the coating, powder coating production lines produce less hazardous waste than conventional liquid coatings, capital equipment and operating costs for a powder line are generally less than for conventional liquid lines. Surface finishing is a broad range of industrial processes that alter the surface of a manufactured item to achieve a certain property. Currently, the trend is towards surface treatments. Industries in developing countries like India have to be increasingly aware of the need not only for up gradation of existing technologies but also for indigenization of new technologies on a time bound basis. The content of the book includes information about technology involved in surface engineering of metals; some of them are electroplating plant, barrel planting plant, electroplating equipment, cleaning, pickling and dipping, equipment for hot alkaline cleaners, electrolytic and chemical processes for the polishing of metals, canning stainless steel electro-polishing solution, electroforming in gramophone record production, silver plating, fluoborate plating, gold plating (gilding), cadmium plating, zinc plating, chemical finishing of aluminium, powder coating of aluminium, bright nickel electro plating, copper plating, etc. This book covers an intensive study of technology of electroplating, phosphating, powder coating and metal finishing. The first hand information on these technologies is dealt in the book and can be very useful for those looking for entrepreneurship opportunity in the said industry. TAGS Electroplating Plant, Automatic Equipment, Surface Coatings and Treatments, Electroplating and Coating Plants, Electroplating Plant Equipment, Powder Coating Plants, Powder Coating Equipments, How to Start Powder Coating Business, Powder Coating Business Plan, Business Plan on Powder Coating, Start Powder Coating Business, Start High Profit Powder Coating Business, Starting Metal Polishing Business, Electroplating Business, Gold Plating Business, How to Start Metal Plating Business, Starting Zinc Plating Business, How to Start Electroplating Business, How to Start Metal Finishing Business, Starting Metal Polishing Business, Metal Finishing Industry, Business Plans for Metal Finishing, Zinc Plating Process, Zinc Plating Plant, Electroplating Plant for Acid Zinc, Electroplating Plant Equipment, Fixed Sequence Automatic Plating Plant, Trojan and Gem Type Automatic Plant, Vulcan Lattice Arm Type Automatic Plant, Titan Type Automatic Plant, Digit Pivoted Arm Type Automatic Plant, Straight-Through Type Automatic Plant, Methods of Transporter Control, Microprocessor and Computer Control, Semi-Automatic Plating Plant, Barrel Planting Plant, Suitability of Articles for Barrel Plating, Glydo/Glydette Barrel Plating Equipment, Calculation of Work Loads, Manual Planting Plant, Single Station Barrel Plating Units, Modular Plant and Specialised Equipment for Electronics Industry, Electroplating Equipment, Welded Steel Tanks, Plastic Tanks Reinforced with Glass Fibre, Tank Lining Materials, Glass Fibre (GRP) Tanks, Treatment of Rubber Linings, Ilex Grade Plastic Lined Tanks, Galvanised Steel Coils, Lead and Lead Alloy Coils, Titanium Coils, Metal Cased Heaters, Teflon Immersion Heaters, Silica Cased Heaters, Earthing of Electrically Heated Tanks, Electric Heating of Plastic or Plastic Lined Tanks, Lagging and Heat Conservation, Thermostatic Control Equipment, Jigs & Racks For Electroplating, Anodising and Other Surface Coatings, Removal of Insulated Coatings, Rectifier Installation and Maintenance, Single Phase Rectifier Units, Constant Voltage and Constant Current Control Controllers for Anodic Oxidation Processes, Current Interrupters and Periodic Reverse Units, Pre-Setting Ampere-Time Meters and Panels, Connecting Up Plating Equipment, Cleaning, Pickling and Dipping, Equipment for Hot Alkaline Cleaners, Cleaning of Zinc Base Alloy Die Castings, Cleaning of Zinc Base Alloy Die Casting, Anozyn, Equipment, Solution Composition, Solution Preparation, Operating Conditions, Plating on High Carbon Steel, Plating on Cast Iron and Malleable Castings, Plating on Stainless Steel, Nickel Chloride Strike for Stainless Steel, Nickel Sulphate Strike for Stainless Steel, Copper and Nickel Plating on Zinc Base Alloy Die-Castings, Standard Process Sequence for Electro-Plating on Aluminium and its Alloys, Electrolytic and Chemical Processes for Polishing of Metals, Aluminium Electro-Polishing Solution, Canning Non-Ferrous Electro-Polishing Solution, Copper Plating, Cyanide Copper Plating Processes, Zonax Copper Solution, Acid Copper Plating Processes, Gold Plating, Copper Fluoborate Bath, Standard Acid Copper Plating, Copper Pyrophosphate Plating Baths, Functional Chromium Plating, Decorative Black Chromium, Decorative Chromium Plating, Production Plating Conditions, Preparation of Plating Bath, Electroplating Solutions, Cadmium Electro-Plating, Adhesion and Surface Preparation, Bright Nickel Electro-Plating, Powder Coating of Aluminium, Chemical Colouring of Aluminium, Electroplating on Aluminium, Chemical Finishing of Aluminium, Aluminium Pre-Treatment, Calcium Modified Zinc Phosphate Processes, Heavy Zinc Phosphate Processes, Equipment for Phosphating, Immersion Phosphating Plant, Spray Phosphating Equipment, Treatment of High Tensile Steels, Phosphating Processes, Pre-Treatment Prior to Organic Coatings, Plating for Electronics, Plating of Plastics and Other Non-Metallic Materials, Production of Blue Chromate Coating, Passivation Processes for Zinc and Cadmium Electrodeposits, Treatment of Work After Plating, Cadmium Plating, Gold Plating (Gilding), Tin-Nickel Alloy Plating, Silver Plating, Brass Plating, Electroforming
Author: Peter Beard
Author: Bernard C. Kress
Author: Mikell P. Groover
Author: R.J. Shul
Author: George Brewer
Author: Marc J. Madou
Author: Leon I. Maissel
Author: R Newman
Author: 
Author: NIIR Board