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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 45
Book Description
The purpose of the Workshop on Advances in Personal Load Carriage was to bring together researchers with soldier mission command to exchange information between NATO countries on load carriage (LC) systems and ensure that research developments were in agreement with command expectations. A secondary purpose was to demonstrate the approach being taken by Canada, mainly the development of standardized testing protocols. Abstracts of the 15 papers delivered at the workshop are included in this report. Topics covered include LC research projects in various countries, the limitations of human LC, kit placement, LC assessment, user involvement in human factors design & evaluation, human trials testing of LC designs, biomechanical modelling, and optimal load distribution. At the closing of the meeting, participants completed focus group discussions identifying key design issues in load carriage and results are listed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 45
Book Description
The purpose of the Workshop on Advances in Personal Load Carriage was to bring together researchers with soldier mission command to exchange information between NATO countries on load carriage (LC) systems and ensure that research developments were in agreement with command expectations. A secondary purpose was to demonstrate the approach being taken by Canada, mainly the development of standardized testing protocols. Abstracts of the 15 papers delivered at the workshop are included in this report. Topics covered include LC research projects in various countries, the limitations of human LC, kit placement, LC assessment, user involvement in human factors design & evaluation, human trials testing of LC designs, biomechanical modelling, and optimal load distribution. At the closing of the meeting, participants completed focus group discussions identifying key design issues in load carriage and results are listed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 28
Book Description
The overall objectives of the research project summarized in this report were to develop improved assessment tools for advanced personal load carriage (LC) systems and to use these tools in further development of a valid & reliable measurement procedure for military LC assessment. Five sections of the research are reviewed, covering the following: developing enhancements to a LC simulator & torsional stiffness tester; evaluation of pack-based systems using a comprehensive LC measurement system; evaluation of pack-based systems using military field trials; comparison of the LC measurement system & field trial evaluations; parametric design analysis of advanced personal LC systems; and organization of a workshop for international exchange of information & for demonstration of the current state of the art in standardized LC testing equipment.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 51
Book Description
Parametric analysis of load carriage systems (LCS) has allowed for increased understanding of relationships between system design characteristics and the impact of these design features on the bearer. Of significant research interest are the issues of convenience, comfort, and capacity. Parametric design analysis in the phase of the project described in this report involved an evaluation of the effects of differing load placement on the centre of gravity & accessibility of kit, and the development of a computer model & software for optimizing load configuration, based on system centre of gravity. This study looked at the bulkiness & accessibility requirements of certain kit items, along with the versatility of current LCS at containing these items, with the aim of improving future LCS design & function. User group surveys and records of standard operating procedures provided models for kit placement, which were evaluated for location of centre of gravity and access to critical equipment. Soldier kit preferences & frequency of use were also established.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 78
Book Description
This report outlines the methods & results from First Assessment & Standardized Testing (FAST) standardized human trials for evaluation of load carriage systems (LCS). The results from these trials pertain to two areas of interest: information on subject preferences used for increasing the knowledge of LCS design quality and the effect of different designs & design interactions on human performance; and correlation of FAST human factors results with LCS simulator data. Specific areas of concern for this project included integration of marching orders, physical costs associated with the incorporation of fragmentation protection into the LCS, and the general performance of different marching & battle order designs. Four of the LCS were tested over the course of four consecutive trials, each involving 28 experienced military subjects who completed a five-kilometre march over level ground as well as tasks performed at each kilometre. Subject responses were elicited regarding comfort, fit, balance, manoeuvrability, & overall impressions of the LCS.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 29
Book Description
Standardized physical testing of load carriage systems allows for comparison between load carriage simulator measures, stiffness measures, and human performance measures from field trials. The objectives of this project were to develop benchmark criteria from a pool of backpack measures, and to use the correlation between human & simulator measures to establish threshold limit values for bearer safety. A Pearson correlation matrix with 76 total variables (39 simulator variables, 37 stiffness & field testing variables) was developed and results are presented to show which variables significantly correlated with human factors measurements. Variables of note include pack displacement, subject discomfort, force and moment averages & amplitudes, pressure measurements, stiffness about all three axes, and mobility & function in human trials. The findings support the use of standardized physical testing as a method of military load carriage evaluation.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 44
Book Description
Numerous improvements have been made to the equipment & test protocol for the systems studied in the Advanced Personal Load Carriage System project. The nature of these improvements, along with an explanation of their incorporation into the current testing protocol, are explained in this report. These improvements are described in two areas: load carriage simulator enhancements, including systems for measurement of ground reaction forces & moments, contact pressure, and relative motion, and improved data management software; and load carriage system testing enhancements, including an improved testing jig, a manikin created for component testing, and development of a portable testing apparatus for use under field conditions. Recommendations for future test development work, focussing on the portable system, are also included.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 79
Book Description
The overall objectives of the study described in this report were: to conduct standardized assessment of five military systems on a computerized simulator using a male manikin; to conduct standardized assessments of three of these systems on a stiffness simulator; and to examine the impact of different anthropometric manikins on two base systems. Specifically, the LC simulator measured variables which assess the load control & load transfer to rotation about three orientation axes. The LC simulator consisted of interchangeable anthropometrically weighted manikins which were covered with a skin-like surface and driven by computer-controlled pneumatic activators programmed to elicit a walking displacement pattern. A trial consisted of loading the pack to 25 kilogram payload, measuring system physical dimensions & properties, mounting the pack, and balancing the moments. Five intervals of ten seconds of data were recorded over a 1,200-second period. By this approach, the pack was assessed on the initial setup and after a sustained period of walking. Output measures presented include pack displacement of centre of gravity, forces & moments at hip level, contact pressures, and skin forces. The report also presents similar results testing the effect of wearing the personal fragmentation vest under the LC system.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 36
Book Description
The purpose of this study was to develop a personal load carriage system design tool that should enable designers to input pack parameters and receive an objective measure of the pack's effectiveness. Pack parameters of interest include dimensions, weight, centre of gravity, and location of shoulder straps, waist belt, & lumbar pad. The objective evaluation consists of two body reaction forces known to relate to pack acceptability scores. Knowledge of the body reaction forces then aids in understanding of comfort and can enable comparison of potential prototypes. The study developed a statically determinate model of the pack/person interface to include the design parameters of interest and the evaluated body reaction forces. To validate the effectiveness of the design tool, six packs were tested on an instrumented human-form jig. Results show the capability of the design tool to predict outputs close to measured values. Limitations of the developed tool are discussed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 23
Book Description
This summary provides an overall perspective of progress throughout all contracts within two Canadian Forces soldier modernization programs: the Integrative Protective Clothing & Equipment (IPCE) project and the Clothe the Soldier (CTS) Project. Each of these projects is described briefly and relevant outcomes are identified. The first three phases concerned a contract on the research & development of an Advanced Personal Load Carriage Measurement System. Work carried out included a literature review, development of load carriage measurement systems, design & validation of a load carriage simulator, evaluation of pack-based load carriage systems & sub-systems, and development of test protocols. The objective of phase IV, the IPCE project, was to improve measurement components and to develop a further understanding of specific factors that affect load carriage ability. Topics covered in this phase include development of a biomechanical model for load carriage assessment, parametric analysis of advanced load carriage systems, and analysis of human responses to load location in a backpack.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 30
Book Description
The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of varying the centre of gravity of the load on physiological, biomechanical, & subjective factors of experienced soldiers. A secondary purpose was to examine the relationship of these factors to a standardized load carriage simulator test. In the study, 22 soldiers marched on a treadmill for 15 minutes carrying a modified backpack consisting of a pack frame & a movable load box containing 36 kilograms. In addition, a load carriage vest was used to examine a balanced load distribution. Results are presented with regard to: physiological measures collected using oxygen consumption & heart rate; biomechanical measures collected from video images of gait to calculate trunk & body lean; subjective measures of pressure points using a body scan image; and general assessments of each system & overall ranking.
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