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Representations, Targets, and Attitudes

Representations, Targets, and Attitudes PDF Author: Robert Cummins
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262032353
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 176

Book Description
What is it for something in the mind to represent something? Distinguished philosopher of mind Robert Cummins looks at the familiar problems of representation theory (what information is represented in the mind, what form mental representation takes, how representational schemes are implemented in the brain, what it is for one thing to represent another) from an unprecedented angle. Instead of following the usual procedure of defending a version of "indicator" semantics, Cummins begins with a theory of representational error and uses this theory to constrain the account of representational content. Thus, the problem of misrepresentation, which plagues all other accounts, is avoided at the start. Cummins shows that representational error can be accommodated only if the content of a representation is intrinsic--independent of its use and causal role in the system that employs it. Cummins's theory of error is based on the teleological idea of a "target," an intentional concept but one that differs importantly from that of an ordinary intentional object. Using this notion he offers a schematic theory of representation and an account of propositional attitudes that takes exception with some popular positions, such as conceptual role semantics, Fodor's representational theory of the mind, and Putnam's twin-earth examples. A Bradford Book. Representation and Mind series

Representations, Targets, and Attitudes

Representations, Targets, and Attitudes PDF Author: Robert Cummins
Publisher: MIT Press
ISBN: 9780262032353
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 176

Book Description
What is it for something in the mind to represent something? Distinguished philosopher of mind Robert Cummins looks at the familiar problems of representation theory (what information is represented in the mind, what form mental representation takes, how representational schemes are implemented in the brain, what it is for one thing to represent another) from an unprecedented angle. Instead of following the usual procedure of defending a version of "indicator" semantics, Cummins begins with a theory of representational error and uses this theory to constrain the account of representational content. Thus, the problem of misrepresentation, which plagues all other accounts, is avoided at the start. Cummins shows that representational error can be accommodated only if the content of a representation is intrinsic--independent of its use and causal role in the system that employs it. Cummins's theory of error is based on the teleological idea of a "target," an intentional concept but one that differs importantly from that of an ordinary intentional object. Using this notion he offers a schematic theory of representation and an account of propositional attitudes that takes exception with some popular positions, such as conceptual role semantics, Fodor's representational theory of the mind, and Putnam's twin-earth examples. A Bradford Book. Representation and Mind series

Representation Reconsidered

Representation Reconsidered PDF Author: William M. Ramsey
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521859875
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 284

Book Description
Publisher description

The Nature of Meaningfulness

The Nature of Meaningfulness PDF Author: Robert K. Shope
Publisher: Rowman & Littlefield
ISBN: 9780847692873
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 358

Book Description
Shope presents a unified perspective on meaningfulness, spanning such varied topics as the meaningfulness of linguistic expressions and conventional signs, Freud's conception of the meaningfulness of various mental phenomena and instances of behavior, a person's meaning to do something, meaning in the arts, and even life's having a meaning. Shope's perspective is based upon a 'constitutive' analysis of what it is for one item to represent another. Criticizing the views of philosophers who attempt to analyze such representing in causal terms, or merely in epistemological terms, he shows that a successful analysis needs to invoke both types of considerations.

Predicting Health Behaviour

Predicting Health Behaviour PDF Author: Conner, Mark
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education (UK)
ISBN: 0335224598
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 403

Book Description
Providing the theoretical background and examples of how to apply the most common social cognition models to health behaviours, this book thoroughly examines how to assess the advantages and disadvantages of using each of these models, appropriately apply each model in practice, adequately analyze and report the results and apply the models to change health behaviour.

The Nature of Scientific Knowledge

The Nature of Scientific Knowledge PDF Author: Kevin McCain
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319334050
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 281

Book Description
This book offers a comprehensive and accessible introduction to the epistemology of science. It not only introduces readers to the general epistemological discussion of the nature of knowledge, but also provides key insights into the particular nuances of scientific knowledge. No prior knowledge of philosophy or science is assumed by The Nature of Scientific Knowledge. Nevertheless, the reader is taken on a journey through several core concepts of epistemology and philosophy of science that not only explores the characteristics of the scientific knowledge of individuals but also the way that the development of scientific knowledge is a particularly social endeavor. The topics covered in this book are of keen interest to students of epistemology and philosophy of science as well as science educators interested in the nature of scientific knowledge. In fact, as a result of its clear and engaging approach to understanding scientific knowledge The Nature of Scientific Knowledge is a book that anyone interested in scientific knowledge, knowledge in general, and any of a myriad of related concepts would be well advised to study closely.

Handbook of Emotion Regulation, Second Edition

Handbook of Emotion Regulation, Second Edition PDF Author: James J. Gross
Publisher: Guilford Publications
ISBN: 1462520731
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 816

Book Description
"Subject Areas/Keywords: clinical, cognition, cognitive, developmental, disorders, dysregulation, emotion regulation, emotional, emotions, neurobiology, neuroscience, personality, psychology, psychopathology, research, self-regulation, social Description: Reviewing the state of the science in a dynamic, thriving field, this influential handbook integrates knowledge from multiple psychological subdisciplines. Foremost experts address the neurobiological and cognitive bases of emotion regulation and examine how individuals develop and use regulatory strategies across the lifespan. The social context of emotion regulation is explored, as are personality processes and individual differences. Critical implications are discussed for psychopathology, psychosocial interventions, and health. Including helpful cross-referencing among chapters, the volume describes cutting-edge methods and identifies promising directions for future investigation"--

Counseling and Motivational Interviewing in Speech-Language Pathology

Counseling and Motivational Interviewing in Speech-Language Pathology PDF Author: Jerry Hoepner
Publisher: Taylor & Francis
ISBN: 1040136036
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 273

Book Description
Written as a helpful guide for speech-language pathologists and students, Counseling and Motivational Interviewing in Speech-Language Pathology provides a solid base in theoretical foundations, while prioritizing skill development and practical applications of counseling in speech-language pathology. Now more than ever, there is a burgeoning need for speech-language pathologists to incorporate counseling into their everyday practice. However, most practitioners currently lack the training and knowledge necessary to fulfill that role. Counseling and Motivational Interviewing in Speech-Language Pathology seeks to remedy that by providing techniques and tools for counseling across the lifespan and practice settings. The book is divided into two main parts: • Chapters 1 through 4 cover the foundational principles of motivational interviewing, including several self-assessment tools to support learners in the process. • Chapters 5 through 8 address specific counseling techniques and topics, providing readers with practical examples of how to properly counsel individuals with communication, cognition, and swallowing disorders. What’s included in Counseling and Motivational Interviewing in Speech-Language Pathology: • Sample dialogues between clinicians and clients. • Case examples, thinking exercises, and potential assignments for readers to apply the knowledge and skills addressed in the book. • A chapter dedicated to communicatively accessible structured interview approaches, eliciting and monitoring collaborative goals, and screening for other mental health concerns. Counseling and Motivational Interviewing in Speech-Language Pathology is an approachable guide that will address the issues of scope of practice while proving why speech-language pathologists are uniquely suited to provide counseling.

Handbook of the History of Social Psychology

Handbook of the History of Social Psychology PDF Author: Arie W. Kruglanski
Publisher: Psychology Press
ISBN: 1136668985
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 530

Book Description
For the first time in the history of social psychology, we have a handbook on the history of social psychology. In it, leading luminaries in the field present their take on how research in their own domains has unfolded, on the scientists whose impact shaped the research agendas in the different areas of social psychology, and on events, institutions and publications that were pivotal in determining the field’s history. Social psychology’s numerous subfields now boast a rich historical heritage of their own, which demands special attention. The Handbook recounts the intriguing and often surprising lessons that the tale of social psychology’s remarkable ascendance has to offer. The historical diversity is the hallmark of the present handbook reflecting each of this field’s domains unique evolution. Collectively, the contributions put a conceptual mirror to our field and weave the intricate tapestry of people, dynamics and events whose workings combined to produce what the vibrant discipline of social psychology is today. They allow the contemporary student, scholar and instructor to explore the historical development of this important field, provide insight into its enduring aims and allow them to transcend the vicissitudes of the zeitgeist and fads of the moment. The Handbook of the History of Social Psychology provides an essential resource for any social psychologist’s collection.

Mission Adaptive Display Technologies and Operational Decision Making in Aviation

Mission Adaptive Display Technologies and Operational Decision Making in Aviation PDF Author: Smith, Kevin M.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 146668674X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 386

Book Description
Avionics often serves as the tip of the spear for research into user-interface and systems usability in aviation. However, this emphasis on flashy, technology-driven design can come with a cost: the sacrifice of practical utility, which, in the high-stakes environment of military aviation, can lead directly to catastrophe. Mission Adaptive Display Technologies and Operational Decision Making in Aviation explores the use of adaptive and assistive technologies in aviation to establish clear guidelines for the design and implementation of such technologies to better serve the needs of both military and civilian pilots. Benefiting from the authors’ combined experience of more than 40 years in the aviation industry and over 25,000 flight-hours, this volume targets a wide audience of engineers and business professionals. This premier reference source covers topics of interest to aviators and engineers, including aerodynamic systems design, operational decision theory, user interface design, avionics, and concepts and cases in flight operations, mission performance, and pilot training.

The Construction of Human Kinds

The Construction of Human Kinds PDF Author: Ron Mallon
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 019107229X
Category : Philosophy
Languages : en
Pages : 272

Book Description
Ron Mallon explores how thinking and talking about kinds of person can bring those kinds into being. Social constructionist explanations of human kinds like race, gender, and homosexuality are commonplace in the social sciences and humanities, but what do they mean and what are their implications? This book synthesizes recent work in evolutionary, cognitive, and social psychology as well as social theory and the philosophy of science, in order to offer a naturalistic account of the social construction of human kinds. Mallon begins by qualifying social constructionist accounts of representations of human kinds by appealing to evidence suggesting canalized dispositions towards certain ways of representing human groups, using race as a case study. He then turns to interpret constructionist accounts of categories as attempts to explain causally powerful human kinds by appealling to our practices of representing them, and he articulates a view in which widespread representations produce entrenched social roles that could vindicate such attempts. Mallon goes on to explore constructionist concerns with the social consequences of our representations, focusing especially on the way human kind representations can alter our behaviour and undermine our self understandings and our agency. Mallon understands socially constructed kinds as the real, sometimes stable products of our cognitive and representational practices, and he suggests that reference to such kinds can figure in our everyday and scientific practices of representing the social world. The result is a realistic, naturalistic account of how human representations might contribute to making up the parts of the social world that they represent.