Author: American Historical AssociationPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 1296
Book Description
Annual Report of the American Historical Association
Author: American Historical AssociationPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 1296
Book Description
The Most Segregated City in America"
Author: Charles E. ConnerlyPublisher: University of Virginia Press
ISBN: 0813935385
Category : Architecture
Languages : en
Pages : 215
Book Description
One of Planetizen’s Top Ten Books of 2006 "But for Birmingham," Fred Shuttleworth recalled President John F. Kennedy saying in June 1963 when he invited black leaders to meet with him, "we would not be here today." Birmingham is well known for its civil rights history, particularly for the violent white-on-black bombings that occurred there in the 1960s, resulting in the city’s nickname "Bombingham." What is less well known about Birmingham’s racial history, however, is the extent to which early city planning decisions influenced and prompted the city’s civil rights protests. The first book-length work to analyze this connection, "The Most Segregated City in America": City Planning and Civil Rights in Birmingham, 1920–1980 uncovers the impact of Birmingham’s urban planning decisions on its black communities and reveals how these decisions led directly to the civil rights movement. Spanning over sixty years, Charles E. Connerly’s study begins in the 1920s, when Birmingham used urban planning as an excuse to implement racial zoning laws, pointedly sidestepping the 1917 U.S. Supreme Court Buchanan v. Warley decision that had struck down racial zoning. The result of this obstruction was the South’s longest-standing racial zoning law, which lasted from 1926 to 1951, when it was redeclared unconstitutional by the U.S. Supreme Court. Despite the fact that African Americans constituted at least 38 percent of Birmingham’s residents, they faced drastic limitations to their freedom to choose where to live. When in the1940s they rebelled by attempting to purchase homes in off-limit areas, their efforts were labeled as a challenge to city planning, resulting in government and court interventions that became violent. More than fifty bombings ensued between 1947 and 1966, becoming nationally publicized only in 1963, when four black girls were killed in the bombing of the Sixteenth Street Baptist Church. Connerly effectively uses Birmingham’s history as an example to argue the importance of recognizing the link that exists between city planning and civil rights. His demonstration of how Birmingham’s race-based planning legacy led to the confrontations that culminated in the city’s struggle for civil rights provides a fresh lens on the history and future of urban planning, and its relation to race.
A Bibliography of Alabama
Author: Thomas McAdory OwenPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alabama
Languages : en
Pages : 486
Book Description
The National Union Catalog, Pre-1956 Imprints
Author: Bibliotheca Americana
Author: Joseph SabinPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : America
Languages : en
Pages : 594
Book Description
Catalogue of the Hopkins Railway Library
Author: Stanford University. LibrariesPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Railroads
Languages : en
Pages : 256
Book Description
Annual Report
Author: Philadelphia Board of TradePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Philadelphia (Pa.)
Languages : en
Pages : 248
Book Description
The Story of Selma
Author: Walter Mahan JacksonPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Alabama
Languages : en
Pages : 616
Book Description
Sloss Furnaces and the Rise of the Birmingham District
Author: W. David LewisPublisher: University Alabama Press
ISBN:
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 680
Book Description
Sloss Furnaces and the Rise of the Birmingham District contradicts earlier interpretations of southern industrialization by showing that Birmingham, which became a leading symbol of the New South, was in fact deeply rooted in the antebellum plantation system and its "peculiar institution", slavery. As Lewis demonstrates, southern businessmen pursued their own indigenous model of economic growth and were selective in how they imported capital, machinery, and technical expertise from outside the region. The racial crises that erupted in Birmingham during the 1960s can be traced, in part, to labor-intensive developmental strategies that were present from the birth of a city that might have become a bastion of industrial slavery if the South had won the Civil War.
Author: