Réponse des bactéries marines au rayonnement ultraviolet-visible et aux modifications photochimiques de la matière organique dissoute PDF Download

Author: Maher Abboudi
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Languages : en
Pages : 168

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Book Description
In the marine environment, solar radiation can directly affect the activity of heterotrophic bacteria by causing various cellular damages or indirectly by modifying photochemically the dissolved organic matter (DOM). These various aspects were studied by determining experimentally the contribution of ultraviolet-B (UVR-B: 280-315 nm), ultraviolet-A (UVR-A: 315-400 nm) radiations as well as visible light (VIS: 400-700 nm) on DOM consumption by natural assemblages in various environments in the Northwestern Mediterranean Sea and by the marine bacterium, Vibrio angustum . We studied the effects of the photochemical transformations of DOM on the bacterial activity including production (BP), respiration (BR), bacterial growth efficiency (BGE) as well as the bacterial diversity, in two lagoons (Leucate and Canet) and in a coastal environment (Bay of Banyuls) in the Northwesternern Mediterranean Sea. These typical environments present large differences in the concentrations of total DOM and in colored DOM (CDOM). For the experiments, after filtration on 0,2 μm, samples were exposed during one day to the natural sunlight, then inoculated with the unexposed to light bacterial community of the same origin. The phototransformations of DOM lead to an increase of BP in the most eutrophic lagoon and to a decrease of in the mesotrophic one. These modifications of activity are associated with an increase of 120 % of the BGE in the coastal environment, and a decrease of 20-40 % in the lagoons. We also observed that the assimilation of DOM after sunlight exposure lead to modification in the structure of the total and active bacterial communities.The direct effects of the solar radiation on a natural assemblage lead to an increase of BP and BR in the column of water (from the surface until 10 m of depth) for various stations in the Mediterranean Sea. The inhibition of BP is essentially bound to UVR, and more important when the phytoplankton was eliminated from the sample, underlining the role of the phytoplanktonic excretions in the bacterial response to the UVR stress. Our results showed bacterial resilience induced by an increase of production during the night following the light exposure. The BR seems more durably affected by the solar radiation compared to BP. Generally, the solar radiation decreases the BCD and increases the BGE. The effects of the solar radiation seemed very limited in depth for the studied coastal stations, whereas the effects on BP seem measurable until depths of 8 m. These effects contrasted in the column of water were directly bound to the diffuse attenuation coefficient for downwelling UV irradiance of these various stations.To complete these data obtained in natural environment, physiological and morphological modifications of the bacterial strain Vibrio angustum were studied during growth under 4 light conditions (VIS+UVR-A+UVR-B, VIS+UVR-A, and darkness) by using a solar simulator in the laboratory. Our results suggest that the growth is severely inhibited by UVR-B and of a way moderated by UVR-A. The cells exposed to UVR-B present an important filamentation (size of cell: 42 μm with regard to the witness of size ~ 1,7 μm), with a reduced accumulation of damages DNA, and an absence of modifications in the composition in fatty acids, yet. These cells were able to recover a regular size after a darkness phase. The cells exposed to VIS and VIS UVR-A presented an important change of the fluorescence very likey in relation to the DNA modification of the topology of the genome.