Removal of Colour from Palm Oil Mill Effluent (POME) Using Activated Carbon Adsorption PDF Download

Author: Suhana Saiputdin
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Palm oil
Languages : en
Pages : 46

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Author: Tamrin Tajari
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Palm oil industry
Languages : en
Pages : 210

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Book Description
In Malaysia, palm oil mill effluent (POME) production increases every year, in fact in 2013 alone, Malaysia produced more than 16 million tonne of crude palm oil (CPO) where millions of tons of treated POME were discharged into the water bodies as clean effluent after the anaerobic-aerobic treatment. Despite that, treated POME potentially can become alternative water resource for reclamation and reuse on-site. This study aims to simulate and optimize treated POME for reuse using adsorption followed by filtration for solid residual removal. Shake flasks were used to study the adsorption's isotherm and kinetics models, and later optimized using Design Expert v7.0. The simulation was done using SuperPro Designer v5.5 for the economics feasibility of the system. Process water quality standards as practiced industrially in Malaysia was used for comparison to find the suitableness of the reclaim water. Commercial powdered activated carbon (PAC) was used as an adsorbent for the study. Batch studies were used to determine the adsorption's isotherm and kinetics models for COD, calcium hardness and colour as parameters for reclamation purposes. The results show the equilibrium operational conditions were achieved at 30 g/L of PAC dosage, 15 minutes of contact time, and 150 rpm of agitation for COD, calcium hardness and colour adsorption with removal efficiency of more than 90%. The isotherm models show that COD, calcium hardness, and colour were best suited for Freundlich isotherm model with R2 values of 0.9812, 0.9917, and 0.8835 respectively, while the kinetic models show all the adsorbates best suited the pseudo-second-order kinetic model with R2 values of 1.000. ANOVA results using Design Expert v7.0 indicate the quadratic model for COD, calcium hardness, and colour was significant with R2, adjusted-R2 and predicted-R2 more than 0.90. The optimum values obtained show that the lowest adsorbates residual can be achieved by using 40 g/L PAC dosage, while there were dynamic relationship between contact time and agitation as shown in run 8 and run 10 in the optimization table to achieve minimum adsorbates residual. In addition, the validation process proves the optimization models were valid with less 10% of measured and calculated results for shake flask, meanwhile when scaled-up to 5L of sample, the results gave satisfactory results for all of the adsorbates. The economic analysis of the system shows the market price of the PAC determines more than 96% of the total operating costs with unit production cost of RM13/m3 of reclaim water from treated POME, which is highly likely not feasible if the design and the process modification was not done later or using alternative adsorbent which is more cheaper. However, the results obtained in the validation process shows the effluent quality would comply generally with the standards in paper sector as practiced in the Europe (AquaFit4Use, 2010), water makeup for cooling water and other various industries (USEPA, 2004), and as practiced by petrochemical plants as makeup water for cooling water in Malaysia. This show that the proposed treatment system potentially able to reclaim biologically treated POME for reuse (in terms of quality), thus industrial sustainability and environmental friendly are achievable.

Author: Ervin Orlandini
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1351425293
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 299

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This research aimed to identify and understand mechanisms thar underlie the beneficial effect of ozonation on removal of pesticides and other micropollutants by Granular Activated Carbon (GAC) filtration. This allows optimization of the combination of these two processes, termed Biological Activated Carbon filtration. The study concluded that ozonation significantly improves removal of atrazine by GAC filtration not only due to the wellknown effect of oxidation of atrazine, but also due to the effect of partical oxidation of Background Organic Matter (BOM) present in water. Ozone-induced oxidation of BOM was found to improve adsorption of atrazine in GAC filters. Biodegradation of atrazine in these filters wasnot demonstrated. Higher GAC's adsorption capacity for atrazine and faster atrazine's mass transfer in filters with ozonated rather than non-ozonated influent were explained as due to ozonated BOM. Both can be attributed to enhanced biodegradability and reduced adsorbsbility of partially ozidated BOM compounds, resulting in their increased biodegradation and decreased adsorption in GAC filters.

Author: Iqbal Ahmed
Publisher: BoD – Books on Demand
ISBN: 1838819002
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 460

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This book reviews the primary aspects of wastewater treatment processing techniques and designs, as well as water quality assessment. Chapters address microwave digestive techniques of wastewater treatment, advanced ozone oxidative and photo processes, and reactive distillation for various applications. The book is a useful resource for choosing applicable processing techniques and design parameters.

Author: Mihir Kumar Purkait
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 042968682X
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 346

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Book Description
To address the issue of discharge of untreated industrial effluent in the water body causing pollution, adoption of cleaner production technologies and waste minimization initiatives are being encouraged. The book explains each related technology elaborately and critically analyses the same from practical application point of view. In-depth characterization, environmental and health effects and treatment of various industrial effluents are discussed with case studies. Limitations, challenges and remedial actions to be taken are included at the end of each chapter. Chapters are arranged as per specific type of effluents from various industries like textile, tannery/leather plant, and oil refinery.

Author: Amimul Ahsan
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 012813903X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 408

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Nanotechnology in Water and Waste Water Treatment: Theory and Applications explores the unique physicochemical and surface properties of nanoparticles and highlights the advantages they provide for engineering applications. Applications covered include the generation of fresh water from surface water and seawater, the prevention of the contamination of the environment, and the creation of effective and efficient methods for remediation of polluted waters. Each chapter covers a different nanotechnology-based approach and examines the basic principles, practical applications, recent breakthroughs and associated limitations. This book is ideal for researchers and professionals in the fields of nanotechnology, water treatment and desalination. In addition, it is also ideal for postgraduate students, industry and government professionals, managers and policymakers. Gathers together the latest research and developments in the field from journal articles and conference proceedings Discusses and evaluates the most economical and low cost treatment technologies Presents information from related fields on the applicability, strengths and weaknesses of particular nanomaterials in key applications, thus allowing for the continuation and expansion of research in a range of fields

Author: Zainul Akmar Zakaria
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 9811050627
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 162

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Book Description
This book discusses modern technologies for utilizing various types of agricultural waste as a direct means of properly managing its abundance. It explores the potential of using waste materials obtained from the palm oil industry, used cooking oil, maize and tea plantations, as well as citrus-based plants for the production of useful, high-value materials such as pyroligenous acid and bio-oil (Chapter 1), ferulic acid (Chapter 4) and bio-control agents (Chapter 5-7, 9). It also includes case studies to further enhance readers’ understanding. This comprehensive volume is useful to anyone involved in agricultural waste management, green chemistry and agricultural biotechnology. It is also recommended as a reference work for all agriculture and biotechnology libraries.

Author: Emad S. M. Ameen
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 404

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Author: R. J. Rush
Publisher: Water Pollution Control Directorate : Supply and Services Canada
ISBN:
Category : Paper industry
Languages : en
Pages : 142

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The pulp and paper industry produces large volumes of effluent containing, among other things, dark brown lignin and lignin degradation products. The exact nature of the chromophoric (colour causing) groups in the wastes and the effects of these colour bodies on the aquatic environment are not known. However, developmental work on several processes for colour reduction has reached full scale application and colour removal is now required in many local areas for various reasons. Colour reduction can be achieved by either technical changes within the mill or by effluent treatment systems. In-plant modification can range from simple, inexpensive measures such as pulp washing and better "housekeeping" practices, to complex technological changes such as implementation of oxygen bleaching. While in-plant changes should be considered and implemented as a first preference, external treatment may often still be required. There are a large number of external treatment methods which are known to be technically feasible for colour removal from pulp and paper mill effluents.

Author: Rathoure, Ashok K.
Publisher: IGI Global
ISBN: 1799849228
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 455

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Book Description
Due to various issues in the world including rapid urbanization and industrial processes, waste generation has reached levels that are becoming detrimental to the environment and the global population. Waste management has remained a challenging issue for many professional sectors as it is directly linked to an organization’s performance; however, the implementation of efficient and cost-effective waste minimization plans is the first step in improving the global environment. Innovative technologies in waste management are emerging and can help professionals looking to implement more efficient methods of pollution control. The Handbook of Research on Waste Diversion and Minimization Technologies for the Industrial Sector is a pivotal reference source that provides vital research on the application of modern pollution-control methodologies in industrialized environments. While highlighting topics such as life cycle assessment, bioremediation, and thermal waste treatment, this publication explores environmental risk reduction scenarios as well as sustainable waste-collecting solutions. This book is ideally designed for researchers, industrialists, environmentalists, practitioners, policymakers, scientists, students, and academicians seeking current research on innovative advancements in waste minimization techniques.