Author: Lucius Vitellius Triarius
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781493595990
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 416
Book Description
RE-RELEASE: 2ND EDITION The Religio Romana Handbook: A Guide for the Modern Practitioner, 2nd Edition, is the first volume in the series, “The Modern Roman Living Series,” by Lucius Vitellius Triarius. It is a guide for the practitioner of the cultus deorum Romanum, the ancient Roman religious system as practiced in the modern time. Not a congregational religion, the cultus deorum Romanum is a religious system based on individual practices, household and ancestor worship, and religion of the state. This work is a compilation of writings, articles, opinions and beliefs from many practitioners of the Religio Romana in Nova Roma, the global Roman Reconstruction effort in our modern age. It has been compiled to assist those interested in learning more about the cultus deorum Romanum and related Roman culture, both ancient and modern, and has been designed to be of practical use by the religio practitioner and reference guide for the non-practitioner. Unlike the ancient Greek belief system, the ancient Romans believed that achieving peace and harmony in society required maintaining a positive relationship with the gods and goddesses by all to achieve that equilibrium, as the gods and goddesses walked among us daily. Each person was responsible for doing their part, whatever that part was. If you are new to the religion or a seasoned practitioner, this handbook provides you with detailed information on most aspects of the religio on how you can begin participating the global movement to bring much needed sense and balance to our modern world. The book is comprised of updates of the original 1st Edition sections, plus NEW chapters, which include: Introduction to Roman Religion - NEW! Monotheism vs. Polytheism - NEW! Declaration of Roman Religion On Roman Reconstruction - UPDATED! Religion of the Home - UPDATED! Worshipping the Gods at Home - UPDATED! Your First Prayer to the Gods - UPDATED! Ancestral and Household Worship - UPDATED! Daily Rituals - UPDATED! Kalends Ritual - UPDATED! Nones Ritual - UPDATED! Ides Ritual - UPDATED! Other Rituals - NEW! On Domestic Roman Sacrifice - UPDATED! Posture and Gesture in Roman Prayer - UPDATED! Foreign Cults in Ancient Rome - UPDATED! Gods and Goddesses of Rome - UPDATED! Roman Festivals and Ludi (Games) - UPDATED! Roman Beliefs about the Afterlife - UPDATED! The Roman Virtues - NEW! Glossary of Roman Religious Terms - UPDATED! This work gives you insight on “repairing” your household and family, which are the foundation stones of all society. It brings new insights from old perspectives, which actually worked for centuries, to the modern view of “family” and its relationship to the hearth. The hearth is the heart of the family life. To keep the fire alive on the hearth is the bounden duty of the family gods. We of the modern world have lost altogether those conception that made "hearth' and "altar" sacred words. Domestic religion sanctified domestic life. In these days of matches and electricity the smoldering brand of the hearth and their gods has lost its usefulness and, therefore, its sacredness....Our modern improvements have improved these lovely gods out of existence. The men and women of that world would laugh our gods to corn and think of them with pity, — gods shut up in churches, having nothing to do but to listen to the droning of prayers and the confessions of sins; gods who pass their dreary existence away from the warmth of the hearth, the smell of the cooking, the chatter of the maids and the stir of the family life!
Religio Romana Handbook
Author: Lucius Vitellius Triarius
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781493595990
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 416
Book Description
RE-RELEASE: 2ND EDITION The Religio Romana Handbook: A Guide for the Modern Practitioner, 2nd Edition, is the first volume in the series, “The Modern Roman Living Series,” by Lucius Vitellius Triarius. It is a guide for the practitioner of the cultus deorum Romanum, the ancient Roman religious system as practiced in the modern time. Not a congregational religion, the cultus deorum Romanum is a religious system based on individual practices, household and ancestor worship, and religion of the state. This work is a compilation of writings, articles, opinions and beliefs from many practitioners of the Religio Romana in Nova Roma, the global Roman Reconstruction effort in our modern age. It has been compiled to assist those interested in learning more about the cultus deorum Romanum and related Roman culture, both ancient and modern, and has been designed to be of practical use by the religio practitioner and reference guide for the non-practitioner. Unlike the ancient Greek belief system, the ancient Romans believed that achieving peace and harmony in society required maintaining a positive relationship with the gods and goddesses by all to achieve that equilibrium, as the gods and goddesses walked among us daily. Each person was responsible for doing their part, whatever that part was. If you are new to the religion or a seasoned practitioner, this handbook provides you with detailed information on most aspects of the religio on how you can begin participating the global movement to bring much needed sense and balance to our modern world. The book is comprised of updates of the original 1st Edition sections, plus NEW chapters, which include: Introduction to Roman Religion - NEW! Monotheism vs. Polytheism - NEW! Declaration of Roman Religion On Roman Reconstruction - UPDATED! Religion of the Home - UPDATED! Worshipping the Gods at Home - UPDATED! Your First Prayer to the Gods - UPDATED! Ancestral and Household Worship - UPDATED! Daily Rituals - UPDATED! Kalends Ritual - UPDATED! Nones Ritual - UPDATED! Ides Ritual - UPDATED! Other Rituals - NEW! On Domestic Roman Sacrifice - UPDATED! Posture and Gesture in Roman Prayer - UPDATED! Foreign Cults in Ancient Rome - UPDATED! Gods and Goddesses of Rome - UPDATED! Roman Festivals and Ludi (Games) - UPDATED! Roman Beliefs about the Afterlife - UPDATED! The Roman Virtues - NEW! Glossary of Roman Religious Terms - UPDATED! This work gives you insight on “repairing” your household and family, which are the foundation stones of all society. It brings new insights from old perspectives, which actually worked for centuries, to the modern view of “family” and its relationship to the hearth. The hearth is the heart of the family life. To keep the fire alive on the hearth is the bounden duty of the family gods. We of the modern world have lost altogether those conception that made "hearth' and "altar" sacred words. Domestic religion sanctified domestic life. In these days of matches and electricity the smoldering brand of the hearth and their gods has lost its usefulness and, therefore, its sacredness....Our modern improvements have improved these lovely gods out of existence. The men and women of that world would laugh our gods to corn and think of them with pity, — gods shut up in churches, having nothing to do but to listen to the droning of prayers and the confessions of sins; gods who pass their dreary existence away from the warmth of the hearth, the smell of the cooking, the chatter of the maids and the stir of the family life!
Publisher: CreateSpace
ISBN: 9781493595990
Category : Body, Mind & Spirit
Languages : en
Pages : 416
Book Description
RE-RELEASE: 2ND EDITION The Religio Romana Handbook: A Guide for the Modern Practitioner, 2nd Edition, is the first volume in the series, “The Modern Roman Living Series,” by Lucius Vitellius Triarius. It is a guide for the practitioner of the cultus deorum Romanum, the ancient Roman religious system as practiced in the modern time. Not a congregational religion, the cultus deorum Romanum is a religious system based on individual practices, household and ancestor worship, and religion of the state. This work is a compilation of writings, articles, opinions and beliefs from many practitioners of the Religio Romana in Nova Roma, the global Roman Reconstruction effort in our modern age. It has been compiled to assist those interested in learning more about the cultus deorum Romanum and related Roman culture, both ancient and modern, and has been designed to be of practical use by the religio practitioner and reference guide for the non-practitioner. Unlike the ancient Greek belief system, the ancient Romans believed that achieving peace and harmony in society required maintaining a positive relationship with the gods and goddesses by all to achieve that equilibrium, as the gods and goddesses walked among us daily. Each person was responsible for doing their part, whatever that part was. If you are new to the religion or a seasoned practitioner, this handbook provides you with detailed information on most aspects of the religio on how you can begin participating the global movement to bring much needed sense and balance to our modern world. The book is comprised of updates of the original 1st Edition sections, plus NEW chapters, which include: Introduction to Roman Religion - NEW! Monotheism vs. Polytheism - NEW! Declaration of Roman Religion On Roman Reconstruction - UPDATED! Religion of the Home - UPDATED! Worshipping the Gods at Home - UPDATED! Your First Prayer to the Gods - UPDATED! Ancestral and Household Worship - UPDATED! Daily Rituals - UPDATED! Kalends Ritual - UPDATED! Nones Ritual - UPDATED! Ides Ritual - UPDATED! Other Rituals - NEW! On Domestic Roman Sacrifice - UPDATED! Posture and Gesture in Roman Prayer - UPDATED! Foreign Cults in Ancient Rome - UPDATED! Gods and Goddesses of Rome - UPDATED! Roman Festivals and Ludi (Games) - UPDATED! Roman Beliefs about the Afterlife - UPDATED! The Roman Virtues - NEW! Glossary of Roman Religious Terms - UPDATED! This work gives you insight on “repairing” your household and family, which are the foundation stones of all society. It brings new insights from old perspectives, which actually worked for centuries, to the modern view of “family” and its relationship to the hearth. The hearth is the heart of the family life. To keep the fire alive on the hearth is the bounden duty of the family gods. We of the modern world have lost altogether those conception that made "hearth' and "altar" sacred words. Domestic religion sanctified domestic life. In these days of matches and electricity the smoldering brand of the hearth and their gods has lost its usefulness and, therefore, its sacredness....Our modern improvements have improved these lovely gods out of existence. The men and women of that world would laugh our gods to corn and think of them with pity, — gods shut up in churches, having nothing to do but to listen to the droning of prayers and the confessions of sins; gods who pass their dreary existence away from the warmth of the hearth, the smell of the cooking, the chatter of the maids and the stir of the family life!
Roman Religion
Author: Valerie M. Warrior
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316264920
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 251
Book Description
Examining sites that are familiar to many modern tourists, Valerie Warrior avoids imposing a modern perspective on the topic by using the testimony of the ancient Romans to describe traditional Roman religion. The ancient testimony recreates the social and historical contexts in which Roman religion was practised. It shows, for example, how, when confronted with a foreign cult, official traditional religion accepted the new cult with suitable modifications. Basic difficulties, however, arose with regard to the monotheism of the Jews and Christianity. Carefully integrated with the text are visual representations of divination, prayer, and sacrifice as depicted on monuments, coins, and inscriptions from public buildings and homes throughout the Roman world. Also included are epitaphs and humble votive offerings that illustrate the piety of individuals, and that reveal the prevalence of magic and the occult in the spiritual lives of the ancient Romans.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316264920
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 251
Book Description
Examining sites that are familiar to many modern tourists, Valerie Warrior avoids imposing a modern perspective on the topic by using the testimony of the ancient Romans to describe traditional Roman religion. The ancient testimony recreates the social and historical contexts in which Roman religion was practised. It shows, for example, how, when confronted with a foreign cult, official traditional religion accepted the new cult with suitable modifications. Basic difficulties, however, arose with regard to the monotheism of the Jews and Christianity. Carefully integrated with the text are visual representations of divination, prayer, and sacrifice as depicted on monuments, coins, and inscriptions from public buildings and homes throughout the Roman world. Also included are epitaphs and humble votive offerings that illustrate the piety of individuals, and that reveal the prevalence of magic and the occult in the spiritual lives of the ancient Romans.
The Handbook of Religions in Ancient Europe
Author: Lisbeth Bredholt Christensen
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317544536
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 471
Book Description
"The Handbook of Religions in Ancient Europe" surveys the major religious currents of Europe before Christianity - the first continental religion with hegemonic ambition - wiped out most local religions. The evidence - whether archaeological or written - is notoriously difficult to interpret, and the variety of religions documented by the sources and the range of languages used are bewildering. The "Handbook" brings together leading authorities on pre-Christian religious history to provide a state-of-the-art survey. The first section of the book covers the Prehistoric period, from the Paleolithic to the Bronze Age. The second section covers the period since writing systems began. Ranging across the Mediterranean and Northern, Celtic and Slavic Europe, the essays assess the archaeological and textual evidence. Dispersed archaeological remains and biased outside sources constitute our main sources of information, so the complex task of interpreting these traces is explained for each case. The "Handbook" also aims to highlight the plurality of religion in ancient Europe: the many ways in which it is expressed, notably in discourse, action, organization, and material culture; how it is produced and maintained by different people with different interests; how communities always connect with or disassociate from adjunct communities and how their beliefs and rituals are shaped by these relationships. The "Handbook" will be invaluable to anyone interested in ancient History and also to scholars and students of Religion, Anthropology, Archaeology, and Classical Studies.
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 1317544536
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 471
Book Description
"The Handbook of Religions in Ancient Europe" surveys the major religious currents of Europe before Christianity - the first continental religion with hegemonic ambition - wiped out most local religions. The evidence - whether archaeological or written - is notoriously difficult to interpret, and the variety of religions documented by the sources and the range of languages used are bewildering. The "Handbook" brings together leading authorities on pre-Christian religious history to provide a state-of-the-art survey. The first section of the book covers the Prehistoric period, from the Paleolithic to the Bronze Age. The second section covers the period since writing systems began. Ranging across the Mediterranean and Northern, Celtic and Slavic Europe, the essays assess the archaeological and textual evidence. Dispersed archaeological remains and biased outside sources constitute our main sources of information, so the complex task of interpreting these traces is explained for each case. The "Handbook" also aims to highlight the plurality of religion in ancient Europe: the many ways in which it is expressed, notably in discourse, action, organization, and material culture; how it is produced and maintained by different people with different interests; how communities always connect with or disassociate from adjunct communities and how their beliefs and rituals are shaped by these relationships. The "Handbook" will be invaluable to anyone interested in ancient History and also to scholars and students of Religion, Anthropology, Archaeology, and Classical Studies.
Before Religion
Author: Brent Nongbri
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 0300154178
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Book Description
Examining a wide array of ancient writings, Brent Nongbri dispels the commonly held idea that there is such a thing as ancient religion. Nongbri shows how misleading it is to speak as though religion was a concept native to pre-modern cultures.
Publisher: Yale University Press
ISBN: 0300154178
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 328
Book Description
Examining a wide array of ancient writings, Brent Nongbri dispels the commonly held idea that there is such a thing as ancient religion. Nongbri shows how misleading it is to speak as though religion was a concept native to pre-modern cultures.
Pietas
Author: Giuseppe Barbera
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780981759616
Category : Italians
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Book Description
An introduction to the Roman Indigenous Tradition, one of the fastest-growing religious communities, if not the fastest, in Italy today. A great resource for the adherents of the faith, researchers, educators and students in humanities, followers of other pagan traditions, and anyone else who is interested in understanding the Italian traditional religion.
Publisher:
ISBN: 9780981759616
Category : Italians
Languages : en
Pages : 244
Book Description
An introduction to the Roman Indigenous Tradition, one of the fastest-growing religious communities, if not the fastest, in Italy today. A great resource for the adherents of the faith, researchers, educators and students in humanities, followers of other pagan traditions, and anyone else who is interested in understanding the Italian traditional religion.
Roman Art
Author: Nancy Lorraine Thompson
Publisher: Metropolitan Museum of Art
ISBN: 1588392228
Category : Art, Roman
Languages : en
Pages : 218
Book Description
A complete introduction to the rich cultural legacy of Rome through the study of Roman art ... It includes a discussion of the relevance of Rome to the modern world, a short historical overview, and descriptions of forty-five works of art in the Roman collection organized in three thematic sections: Power and Authority in Roman Portraiture; Myth, Religion, and the Afterlife; and Daily Life in Ancient Rome. This resource also provides lesson plans and classroom activities."--Publisher website.
Publisher: Metropolitan Museum of Art
ISBN: 1588392228
Category : Art, Roman
Languages : en
Pages : 218
Book Description
A complete introduction to the rich cultural legacy of Rome through the study of Roman art ... It includes a discussion of the relevance of Rome to the modern world, a short historical overview, and descriptions of forty-five works of art in the Roman collection organized in three thematic sections: Power and Authority in Roman Portraiture; Myth, Religion, and the Afterlife; and Daily Life in Ancient Rome. This resource also provides lesson plans and classroom activities."--Publisher website.
From Republic to Empire
Author: John Pollini
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN: 0806188162
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 576
Book Description
Political image-making—especially from the Age of Augustus, when the Roman Republic evolved into a system capable of governing a vast, culturally diverse empire—is the focus of this masterful study of Roman culture. Distinguished art historian and classical archaeologist John Pollini explores how various artistic and ideological symbols of religion and power, based on Roman Republican values and traditions, were taken over or refashioned to convey new ideological content in the constantly changing political world of imperial Rome. Religion, civic life, and politics went hand in hand and formed the very fabric of ancient Roman society. Visual rhetoric was a most effective way to communicate and commemorate the ideals, virtues, and political programs of the leaders of the Roman State in an empire where few people could read and many different languages were spoken. Public memorialization could keep Roman leaders and their achievements before the eyes of the populace, in Rome and in cities under Roman sway. A leader’s success demonstrated that he had the favor of the gods—a form of legitimation crucial for sustaining the Roman Principate, or government by a “First Citizen.” Pollini examines works and traditions ranging from coins to statues and reliefs. He considers the realistic tradition of sculptural portraiture and the ways Roman leaders from the late Republic through the Imperial period were represented in relation to the divine. In comparing visual and verbal expression, he likens sculptural imagery to the structure, syntax, and diction of the Latin language and to ancient rhetorical figures of speech. Throughout the book, Pollini’s vast knowledge of ancient history, religion, literature, and politics extends his analysis far beyond visual culture to every aspect of ancient Roman civilization, including the empire’s ultimate conversion to Christianity. Readers will gain a thorough understanding of the relationship between artistic developments and political change in ancient Rome.
Publisher: University of Oklahoma Press
ISBN: 0806188162
Category : Art
Languages : en
Pages : 576
Book Description
Political image-making—especially from the Age of Augustus, when the Roman Republic evolved into a system capable of governing a vast, culturally diverse empire—is the focus of this masterful study of Roman culture. Distinguished art historian and classical archaeologist John Pollini explores how various artistic and ideological symbols of religion and power, based on Roman Republican values and traditions, were taken over or refashioned to convey new ideological content in the constantly changing political world of imperial Rome. Religion, civic life, and politics went hand in hand and formed the very fabric of ancient Roman society. Visual rhetoric was a most effective way to communicate and commemorate the ideals, virtues, and political programs of the leaders of the Roman State in an empire where few people could read and many different languages were spoken. Public memorialization could keep Roman leaders and their achievements before the eyes of the populace, in Rome and in cities under Roman sway. A leader’s success demonstrated that he had the favor of the gods—a form of legitimation crucial for sustaining the Roman Principate, or government by a “First Citizen.” Pollini examines works and traditions ranging from coins to statues and reliefs. He considers the realistic tradition of sculptural portraiture and the ways Roman leaders from the late Republic through the Imperial period were represented in relation to the divine. In comparing visual and verbal expression, he likens sculptural imagery to the structure, syntax, and diction of the Latin language and to ancient rhetorical figures of speech. Throughout the book, Pollini’s vast knowledge of ancient history, religion, literature, and politics extends his analysis far beyond visual culture to every aspect of ancient Roman civilization, including the empire’s ultimate conversion to Christianity. Readers will gain a thorough understanding of the relationship between artistic developments and political change in ancient Rome.
Religions of Rome: Volume 2, A Sourcebook
Author: Mary Beard
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316139190
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 434
Book Description
Volume two reveals the extraordinary diversity of ancient Roman religion. A comprehensive sourcebook, it presents a wide range of documents illustrating religious life in the Roman world - from the foundations of the city in the eighth century BC to the Christian capital more than a thousand years later. Each document is given a full introduction, explanatory notes and bibliography, and acts as a starting point for further discussion. Through paintings, sculptures, coins and inscriptions, as well as literary texts in translation, the book explores the major themes and problems of Roman religion, such as sacrifice, the religious calendar, divination, ritual, and priesthood. Starting from the archaeological traces of the earliest cults of the city, it finishes with a series of texts in which Roman authors themselves reflect on the nature of their own religion, its history, even its funny side. Judaism and Christianity are given full coverage, as important elements in the religious world of the Roman empire.
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 1316139190
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 434
Book Description
Volume two reveals the extraordinary diversity of ancient Roman religion. A comprehensive sourcebook, it presents a wide range of documents illustrating religious life in the Roman world - from the foundations of the city in the eighth century BC to the Christian capital more than a thousand years later. Each document is given a full introduction, explanatory notes and bibliography, and acts as a starting point for further discussion. Through paintings, sculptures, coins and inscriptions, as well as literary texts in translation, the book explores the major themes and problems of Roman religion, such as sacrifice, the religious calendar, divination, ritual, and priesthood. Starting from the archaeological traces of the earliest cults of the city, it finishes with a series of texts in which Roman authors themselves reflect on the nature of their own religion, its history, even its funny side. Judaism and Christianity are given full coverage, as important elements in the religious world of the Roman empire.
Handbook of New Religions and Cultural Production
Author: Carole Cusack
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004221875
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 821
Book Description
This volume fills a lacuna in the academic assessment of new religions by investigating their cultural products (such as music, architecture, food et cetera). Contributions explore the manifold ways in which new religions have contributed to humanity’s creative output.
Publisher: BRILL
ISBN: 9004221875
Category : Religion
Languages : en
Pages : 821
Book Description
This volume fills a lacuna in the academic assessment of new religions by investigating their cultural products (such as music, architecture, food et cetera). Contributions explore the manifold ways in which new religions have contributed to humanity’s creative output.
Tacitus, Annals, 15.20–23, 33–45
Author: Mathew Owen
Publisher: Open Book Publishers
ISBN: 1783740000
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 280
Book Description
e emperor Nero is etched into the Western imagination as one of ancient Rome's most infamous villains, and Tacitus' Annals have played a central role in shaping the mainstream historiographical understanding of this flamboyant autocrat. This section of the text plunges us straight into the moral cesspool that Rome had apparently become in the later years of Nero's reign, chronicling the emperor's fledgling stage career including his plans for a grand tour of Greece; his participation in a city-wide orgy climaxing in his publicly consummated 'marriage' to his toy boy Pythagoras; the great fire of AD 64, during which large parts of central Rome went up in flames; and the rising of Nero's 'grotesque' new palace, the so-called 'Golden House', from the ashes of the city. This building project stoked the rumours that the emperor himself was behind the conflagration, and Tacitus goes on to present us with Nero's gruesome efforts to quell these mutterings by scapegoating and executing members of an unpopular new cult then starting to spread through the Roman empire: Christianity. All this contrasts starkly with four chapters focusing on one of Nero's most principled opponents, the Stoic senator Thrasea Paetus, an audacious figure of moral fibre, who courageously refuses to bend to the forces of imperial corruption and hypocrisy. This course book offers a portion of the original Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and a commentary. Designed to stretch and stimulate readers, Owen's and Gildenhard's incisive commentary will be of particular interest to students of Latin at both A2 and undergraduate level. It extends beyond detailed linguistic analysis and historical background to encourage critical engagement with Tacitus' prose and discussion of the most recent scholarly thought.
Publisher: Open Book Publishers
ISBN: 1783740000
Category : History
Languages : en
Pages : 280
Book Description
e emperor Nero is etched into the Western imagination as one of ancient Rome's most infamous villains, and Tacitus' Annals have played a central role in shaping the mainstream historiographical understanding of this flamboyant autocrat. This section of the text plunges us straight into the moral cesspool that Rome had apparently become in the later years of Nero's reign, chronicling the emperor's fledgling stage career including his plans for a grand tour of Greece; his participation in a city-wide orgy climaxing in his publicly consummated 'marriage' to his toy boy Pythagoras; the great fire of AD 64, during which large parts of central Rome went up in flames; and the rising of Nero's 'grotesque' new palace, the so-called 'Golden House', from the ashes of the city. This building project stoked the rumours that the emperor himself was behind the conflagration, and Tacitus goes on to present us with Nero's gruesome efforts to quell these mutterings by scapegoating and executing members of an unpopular new cult then starting to spread through the Roman empire: Christianity. All this contrasts starkly with four chapters focusing on one of Nero's most principled opponents, the Stoic senator Thrasea Paetus, an audacious figure of moral fibre, who courageously refuses to bend to the forces of imperial corruption and hypocrisy. This course book offers a portion of the original Latin text, study aids with vocabulary, and a commentary. Designed to stretch and stimulate readers, Owen's and Gildenhard's incisive commentary will be of particular interest to students of Latin at both A2 and undergraduate level. It extends beyond detailed linguistic analysis and historical background to encourage critical engagement with Tacitus' prose and discussion of the most recent scholarly thought.