Relationships of Epidemiological Factors, Gliocladium Roseum, and Bee Vectors to Gray Mold of Raspberry Caused by Botrytis Cinerea PDF Download

Author: Hai Yu
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 284

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertations, Academic
Languages : en
Pages : 756

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Author: Nova Scotian Institute of Science
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 120

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Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dissertation abstracts
Languages : en
Pages : 872

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Author: Gligor Bojkov
Publisher: Scientific Research Publishing, Inc. USA
ISBN: 1649972415
Category : Antiques & Collectibles
Languages : en
Pages : 240

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Gray mold or Botryotinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Whetzel (syn. Sclero-tinia fuckeliana (de Bary) Fuckel) (anamorph B. cinerea Pers.), ac-cording to taxonomic characteristics, belongs to the genus Botry-otinia (family Sclerotiniaceae) is a plant disease that is widespread wherever the vine is grown as an agricultural crop. This cosmopolitan fungus is a pathogen attacking over 200 plant species, including the grapevine (Jarvis, 1980). Members of Botrytis genus are generally necrotrophic pathogens they induce host cell death and lysis to access cellular nutrients.

Author: Olga Kozhar
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Botryotinia
Languages : en
Pages : 143

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Botrytis cinerea is the causal agent of gray mold of more than 1,400 plant host species. The disease can lead to substantial yield losses, especially of red raspberry and other small fruit crops in the US Pacific Northwest (PNW) and worldwide. Effectiveness of gray mold management in red raspberry remains limited due to incomplete understanding of the disease cycle. The bloom period of red raspberry is considered a critical window for B. cinerea colonization of this host, but the role of flowers in this disease remains unclear. The first objective of this research was to determine the infection pathways of B. cinerea on red raspberry under field conditions. Colonization incidence of red raspberry at bloom was limited, but significantly increased with fruit development and peaked on mature fruit. As fruit developed, different morphological parts became colonized by the fungus, suggesting multiple infection events throughout the season.In the PNW, gray mold management programs on raspberry are based on protecting plants with fungicides throughout the production season, starting at bloom. It is, however, unknown if full-season fungicide programs are required to control B. cinerea effectively on raspberry. The second objective of this research was to study the effect of fungicide applications on B. cinerea colonization of raspberry in relation to plant development and test the floral infection hypothesis with genetic markers. Fungicide applications did not prevent or reduce flower colonization but significantly decreased fruit colonization. Pathogen genotypic diversity increased throughout the season and different genotypes colonized flowers, green and ripe fruit within raspberry inflorescence, suggesting that multiple fungal strains can colonize fruit at different developmental stages.In the PNW, several small fruit hosts are grown in close proximity, but nothing is known about B. cinerea population biology on these hosts in this region. The third objective of this research was to investigate how evolutionary forces shape pathogen population structure on small fruit in the PNW. No association of B. cinerea with host was found, but populations were geographically differentiated at regional and farm scales, suggesting restricted gene flow. Evidence for local adaptation due to selection was detected with fungicide resistance markers.

Author: Kenneth Bjorn Johnson
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Botrytis cinerea
Languages : en
Pages : 142

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Spore dispersal gradients and pod disease gradients from point inoculum sources of Botrytis cinerea were measured over time in two snap bean field experiments. Laboratory grown inoculum was placed at ground level in a 30 x 30 cm square at bloom initiation and removed at full bloom. Dispersal of inoculum, assessed by quantifying spores washed from bean foliage, was limited to within 3 m from the inoculum source during bloom. At harvest, the spore populations on plants were 20 to 30 times higher than populations at full bloom due to secondary production of inoculum. At two sampling times during bloom, incidence of B. cinerea on senescing blossoms averaged 70 percent at a distance of 0.9 m from the inoculum source but less than 25 percent at distances greater than 4 m. In one experiment, the incidence of pod rot at harvest averaged 7.2 percent at 0.9 m from the inoculum source but only 1.3 percent at a distance of 4.5 m. Spore dispersal gradients analyzed by regression of the form log Y = a + b log X showed significant flattening at harvest compared to full bloom, whereas gradients for pod rot incidence at harvest did not flatten when compared to incidence of B. cinerea on blossoms at full bloom. Blossom infections early in the bloom period from point inoculum sources were important in pod rot development. To determine if within-field inoculum sources are important in pod rot development in commercial snap bean production, an observational study was conducted in five bean fields in Oregon's Willamette Valley. Senescing cotyledons were the initial plant tissue colonized by Botrytis cinerea. Young stem tissues and leaf tissues also became diseased and served as within-field inoculum sources. The number of these inoculum sources before bloom varied between fields and ranged from 14.8 to 0.2 per 5 m row. The number of spores per plant at bloom initiation and the incidence of B. cinerea on blossoms at full bloom was positively correlated with the number of prebloom inoculum sources within a field. Using the number of inoculum sources prior to bloom as a predictive variable, 50 percent of the variation in the incidence of pod rot among fields could be explained. A multiple regression model, which included the number of inoculum sources before bloom, frequency of irrigation, duration of leaf wetness due to irrigation and rain, and canopy size explained 82 percent of the variation in percent pod rot among fields.

Author: Yuri Dyakov
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080469337
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 497

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This book offers a collection of information on successive steps of molecular ‘dialogue’ between plants and pathogens. It additionally presents data that reflects intrinsic logic of plant-parasite interactions. New findings discussed include: host and non-host resistance, specific and nonspecific elicitors, elicitors and suppressors, and plant and animal immunity. This book enables the reader to understand how to promote or prevent disease development, and allows them to systematize their own ideas of plant-pathogen interactions. * Offers a more extensive scope of the problem as compared to other books in the market* Presents data to allow consideration of host-parasite relationships in dynamics and reveals interrelations between pathogenicity and resistance factors* Discusses beneficial plant-microbe interactions and practical aspects of molecular investigations of plant-parasite relationships* Compares historical study of common and specific features of plant immunity with animal immunity

Author: Guy Smagghe
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030189171
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 277

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This book focuses on entomovectoring, also known as apivectoring, the method used for managing pollinators to increase crop yields and employ strategies of biocontrol in greenhouses and open fields. It is written by experts working in academia and industry from the different continents of the world. Over the past 25 years Research and Development has successfully investigated the potential of pollinators to perform two tasks: dispersal of biological control agents (BCOs) and their pollination service. This book provides a basic overview of the current literature on the different aspects and factors of this novel technology. It explains and presents practical cases of enhancing pollination coupled with the suppression of plant pathogens and pests under various agricultural production practices from greenhouse to open field conditions and crops ranging from orchard fruits, to small and tender berries, vegetables and oil seeds

Author: Helmut König
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3319600214
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 711

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The second edition of the book begins with the description of the diversity of wine-related microorganisms, followed by an outline of their primary and energy metabolism. Subsequently, important aspects of the secondary metabolism are dealt with, since these activities have an impact on wine quality and off-flavour formation. Then chapters about stimulating and inhibitory growth factors follow. This knowledge is helpful for the growth management of different microbial species. The next chapters focus on the application of the consolidated findings of molecular biology and regulation the functioning of regulatory cellular networks, leading to a better understanding of the phenotypic behaviour of the microbes in general and especially of the starter cultures as well as of stimulatory and inhibitory cell-cell interactions during wine making. In the last part of the book, a compilation of modern methods complete the understanding of microbial processes during the conversion of must to wine.This broad range of topics about the biology of the microbes involved in the vinification process could be provided in one book only because of the input of many experts from different wine-growing countries.