Author: Tommaso Pizzorusso Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889456579 Category : Neurosciences. Biological psychiatry. Neuropsychiatry Languages : en Pages : 346
Book Description
Until about a decade ago, the non-coding part of the genome was considered without function. RNA sequencing studies have shown, however, that a considerable part of the non-coding genome is transcribed and that these non-coding RNAs (nc-RNAs) can regulate gene expression. Almost on weekly basis, new findings reveal the regulatory role of nc-RNAs exert in many biological processes. Overall, these studies are making increasingly clear that, both in model organisms and in humans, complexity is not a function of the number of protein-coding genes, but results from the possibility of using combinations of genetic programs and controlling their spatial and temporal regulation during development, senescence and in disease by regulatory RNAs. This has generated a novel picture of gene regulatory networks where regulatory nc-RNAs represent novel layers of regulation. Particularly well-characterized is the role of microRNAs (miRNAs), small nc-RNAs, that bind to mRNAs and regulate gene expression after transcritpion. This message is particularly clear in the nervous system, where miRNAs have been involved in regulating cellular pathways controlling fundamental functions during development, synaptic plasticity and in neurodegenerative disease. It has also been shown that neuronal miRNAs are tightly regulated by electrical activity at the level of transcription, biogenesis, stability and specifically targeted to dendrites and synapses. Deregulation of expression of miRNAs is proposed not only as potential disease biomarker, but it has been implicated directly in the pathogenesis of complex neurodegenerative disease. This so-called RNA revolution also lead to the exploitation of RNA interference and the development of related tools as potential treatment of a vast array of CNS disease that could benefit from regulation of disease-associated genes. In spite of these advancements, the relatively young age of this field together with the inherent high molecular complexity of RNA regulation of biological processes have somewhat hindered its communication to the whole of the neuroscience community. This Research Topic aims at improving this aspect by putting around the same virtual table scientists covering aspects ranging from basic molecular mechanisms of regulatory RNAs in the nervous system to the analysis of the role of specific regulatory RNAs in neurobiological processes of development, plasticity and aging. Furthermore, we included papers analyzing the role of regulatory RNAs in disease models from neuromuscular to higher cognitive functions, and more technically oriented papers dealing with new methodologies to study regulatory RNA biology and its translational potential.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Until about a decade ago, the non-coding part of the genome was considered without function. RNA sequencing studies have shown, however, that a considerable part of the non-coding genome is transcribed and that these non-coding RNAs (nc-RNAs) can regulate gene expression. Almost on weekly basis, new findings reveal the regulatory role of nc-RNAs exert in many biological processes. Overall, these studies are making increasingly clear that, both in model organisms and in humans, complexity is not a function of the number of protein-coding genes, but results from the possibility of using combinations of genetic programs and controlling their spatial and temporal regulation during development, senescence and in disease by regulatory RNAs. This has generated a novel picture of gene regulatory networks where regulatory nc-RNAs represent novel layers of regulation. Particularly well-characterized is the role of microRNAs (miRNAs), small nc-RNAs, that bind to mRNAs and regulate gene expression after transcritpion. This message is particularly clear in the nervous system, where miRNAs have been involved in regulating cellular pathways controlling fundamental functions during development, synaptic plasticity and in neurodegenerative disease. It has also been shown that neuronal miRNAs are tightly regulated by electrical activity at the level of transcription, biogenesis, stability and specifically targeted to dendrites and synapses. Deregulation of expression of miRNAs is proposed not only as potential disease biomarker, but it has been implicated directly in the pathogenesis of complex neurodegenerative disease. This so-called RNA revolution also lead to the exploitation of RNA interference and the development of related tools as potential treatment of a vast array of CNS disease that could benefit from regulation of disease-associated genes. In spite of these advancements, the relatively young age of this field together with the inherent high molecular complexity of RNA regulation of biological processes have somewhat hindered its communication to the whole of the neuroscience community. This Research Topic aims at improving this aspect by putting around the same virtual table scientists covering aspects ranging from basic molecular mechanisms of regulatory RNAs in the nervous system to the analysis of the role of specific regulatory RNAs in neurobiological processes of development, plasticity and aging. Furthermore, we included papers analyzing the role of regulatory RNAs in disease models from neuromuscular to higher cognitive functions, and more technically oriented papers dealing with new methodologies to study regulatory RNA biology and its translational potential.
Author: Bibekanand Mallick Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642225160 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 549
Book Description
Recent progress in high-throughput technologies and genome wide transcriptome studies have lead to a significant scientific milestone of discovering non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) which spans through a major portion of the genome. These RNAs most often act as riboregulators, and actively participate in the regulation of important cellular functions at the transcriptional and/or post-transcriptional levels rather than simply being an intermediated messenger between DNA and proteins. As the appreciation for the importance of ncRNAs continues to emerge, it is also increasingly clear that these play critical roles in gene regulatory processes during development and differentiation. Further, regulatory RNAs are useful biomarkers for diagnosis of diseases. Hence these RNA regulators are essential to the development of therapeutics. This book on “Regulatory RNAs” offers a comprehensive view on our current understanding of these regulatory RNAs viz. siRNA, miRNA, piRNA, snoRNA, long non-coding RNA, small RNA etc. It addresses both the biogenesis and mechanism of action of regulatory RNAs with a primary focus on their annotation, experimental methodologies (microarray, next-gen sequencing etc.) for their discovery, computational tools for their prediction, and above all, applications of these revolutionary regulatory molecules in understanding biological systems and diseases, including therapeutics. This comprehensive volume is intended for readers with research or teaching interests in ncRNA biology and will provide a major information resource on current research in the fast-moving fields of RNA and gene expression regulation. Cutting-edge and concise, “Regulatory RNAs: Basics, Methods and Applications” promises to support vital research in the field of regulatory RNAs, ever-continuing to grow rapidly and gain increasing importance in basic and translational biology.
Author: Anna Maria Giuffrida Stella Publisher: ISBN: Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 504
Book Description
Offers an up-to-date account of the latest research findings concerned with the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression in neuronal and glial cells under different conditions. The book explores the cellular and neurobiological aspects of important phenomena of the nervous system and its role in health, disease and injury. Contributions from prominent scientists in the field address a variety of specific topics concerned with gene expression in the nervous system--from growth, hormonal and trophic factors to neural tissue reactions in injury or aging.
Author: Richard Baldock Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0128009136 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 343
Book Description
Kaufman's Atlas of Mouse Development: With Coronal Sections continues the stellar reputation of the original Atlas by providing updated, in-depth anatomical content and morphological views of organ systems.The publication offers written descriptions of the developmental origins of the organ systems alongside high-resolution images for needed visualization of developmental processes. Matt Kaufman himself has annotated the coronal images in the same clear, meticulous style of the original Atlas. Kaufman's Atlas of Mouse Development: With Coronal Sections follows the original Atlas as a continuation of the standard in the field for developmental biologists and researchers across biological and biomedical sciences studying mouse development. - Provides high-resolution images for best visualization of key developmental processes and structures - Offers in-depth anatomy and morphological views of organ systems - Written descriptions convey developmental origins of the organ systems
Author: Ruth Heidelberger Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0080920837 Category : Psychology Languages : en Pages : 654
Book Description
An understanding of the nervous system at virtually any level of analysis requires an understanding of its basic building block, the neuron. From Molecules to Networks provides the solid foundation of the morphologic, biochemical, and biophysical properties of nerve cells. All chapters have been thoroughly revised for this second edition to reflect the significant advances of the past 5 years. The new edition expands on the network aspects of cellular neurobiology by adding a new chapter, Information Processing in Neural Networks, and on the relation of cell biological processes to various neurological diseases. The new concluding chapter illustrates how the great strides in understanding the biochemical and biophysical properties of nerve cells have led to fundamental insights into important aspects of neurodegenerative disease. - Written and edited by leading experts in the field, the second edition completely and comprehensively updates all chapters of this unique textbook - Discusses emerging new understanding of non-classical molecules that affect neuronal signaling - Full colour, professional graphics throughout - Includes two new chapters: Information Processing in Neural Networks - describes the principles of operation of neural networks and the key circuit motifs that are common to many networks in the nervous system. Molecular and Cellular Mechanisms of Neurodegenerative Disease - introduces the progress made in the last 20 years in elucidating the cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying brain disorders, including Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), Parkinson disease, and Alzheimer's disease
Author: J. David Sweatt Publisher: Academic Press ISBN: 0123944058 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 374
Book Description
Epigenetic Regulation in the Nervous System addresses current understanding of the roles of epigenetic processes at the molecular/cellular level, their impact on neural development and behavior, and the potential roles of these mechanisms in neurological and psychiatric disorders. This award-winning volume spans molecular epigenetics, development, cellular physiology and biochemistry, synaptic and neural plasticity, and behavioral models, and is unique in covering epigenetically based disorders of the central nervous system.Behavioral epigenetics is the study of how environmental factors alter behavior, addressing the fundamental mechanisms that shape development and individual vulnerability/resilience to adverse behavioral outcomes. By understanding the molecular mechanisms involved in epigenetic modulation, researchers may be able to develop targeted therapies for those individuals in whom it malfunctions.Edited by the most highly regarded leaders in the field, this book offers a comprehensive review of behavioral epigenetics and a balanced treatment of the strengths and weaknesses in experimentation in this area. Covering background material as well as topics of current interest, it serves both as a cutting-edge resource and a foundational reference. The book will benefit neuroscience researchers and graduate students with an interest in the links between gene regulation and behavior, as will clinicians dealing with disorders such as addiction, depression, and schizophrenia. - BMA Medical Book Awards 2014 - Highly Commended, Neurology, British Medical Association - BMA Medical Book Awards 2014 - First Prize, Neurology, British Medical Association - 2013 PROSE Award winner for Best in Reference Works and Best Single Volume Reference in Science from the Association of American Publishers - Presents a unified view of epigenetic mechanisms from behavior to genes and everything in between - Discusses clinically relevant disorders in the context of epigenetics research, making the volume appealing to clinicians as well as basic scientists - Provides numerous practical examples for the new investigator to facilitate implementation of research in neuroepigenetics
Author: Tommaso Pizzorusso
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Author: Bibekanand Mallick
Author: Anna Maria Giuffrida Stella
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Author: Richard Baldock
Author: Ruth Heidelberger
Author: Jeremy J. Day
Author: J. David Sweatt