Author: Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Regulators of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Author: Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Author: Giovanna GambarottaPublisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2889632687
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 302
Book Description
The Regulation of Peripheral Nerve Homeostasis, Regeneration and Tumourigenesis
Author: Salome StierliRegulation of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration by the MTOR Pathway
Author: Namiko AbePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Electronic dissertations
Languages : en
Pages : 149
Book Description
While neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) have limited capacity for regrowth after damage, neurons in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) have a robust ability to regenerate their axons following injury. Successful regeneration depends upon both extrinsic cues in the environment and the activation of intrinsic mechanisms to promote regrowth. A number of inhibitory molecules in the CNS environment that prevent axonal regrowth have been identified, but less is known regarding the signaling mechanisms that regulate regenerative ability in PNS neurons. Here, we explored multiple components of injury signaling in the PNS, including the retrograde transport of local axonal injury signals, enhancement of axonal growth capacity in the cell body, and the response of Schwann cells that myelinate the damaged axon. We first addressed how axonal injury triggers enhancement of axonal growth capacity in PNS neurons. The lack of regenerative ability of CNS neurons has been linked to downregulation of the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway. We find that PNS dorsal root ganglia neurons (DRGs) activate mTOR following damage, and that this activity contributes to enhance axonal growth capacity following injury. Furthermore, upregulation of mTOR activity by deletion of tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) in DRGs is sufficient to enhance axonal growth capacity in vitro and in vivo. We identified GAP-43 as a downstream target of this pathway, which may contribute to enhance regenerative ability. However, while genetic upregulation of mTOR activity in sensory neurons facilitates axonal regrowth, it also leads to a number of developmental and functional defects, including aberrant target innervation. Thus, while manipulation of the mTOR activity could stimulate nerve regeneration in the PNS, fine control of mTOR activity may be required for proper target innervation and functional recovery. mTOR activation in the damaged neuron is likely to represent one of several signaling events that mediate nerve regeneration. We thus also explored other aspects of peripheral nerve injury signaling, including the retrograde transport of local injury signals by axonal vesicles, and the response of myelinating Schwann cells to axonal damage. Our results indicate that several classes of signaling pathways occurring both in axons and Schwann cells cooperate to generate a robust regenerative response. A better understanding of the signaling pathways leading to increased regenerative growth ability of PNS neurons may guide new strategies to enhance nerve regeneration in the CNS.
Transcriptional Regulation and Downstream Effectors of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Author: S. PatodiaRegulators of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Author: Martin KanjeTranscriptional Regulation & Downstream Effectors of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Author: Smriti PatodiaRegulators of Peripheral Nerve Regeneration
Author: Cell Engineering and Regeneration
Author: Heinz RedlPublisher: Springer
ISBN: 9783319088303
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 0
Book Description
This reference work presents the origins of cells for tissue engineering and regeneration, including primary cells, tissue-specific stem cells, pluripotent stem cells and trans-differentiated or reprogrammed cells. There is particular emphasis on current understanding of tissue regeneration based on embryology and evolution studies, including mechanisms of amphibian regeneration. The book covers the use of autologous versus allogeneic cell sources, as well as various procedures used for cell isolation and cell pre-conditioning , such as cell sorting, biochemical and biophysical pre-conditioning, transfection and aggregation. It also presents cell modulation using growth factors, molecular factors, epigenetic approaches, changes in biophysical environment, cellular co-culture and other elements of the cellular microenvironment. The pathways of cell delivery are discussed with respect to specific clinical situations, including delivery of ex vivo manipulated cells via local and systemic routes, as well as activation and migration of endogenous reservoirs of reparative cells. The volume concludes with an in-depth discussion of the tracking of cells in vivo and their various regenerative activities inside the body, including differentiation, new tissue formation and actions on other cells by direct cell-to-cell communication and by secretion of biomolecules.
Tissue Engineering of the Peripheral Nerve
Author: Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 012410536X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 338
Book Description
This issue of International Review of Neurobiology brings together cutting-edge research on tissue engineering of the peripheral nerve. It reviews current knowledge and understanding, provides a starting point for researchers and practitioners entering the field, and builds a platform for further research and discovery. - This volume of International Review of Neurobiology brings together cutting-edge research on tissue engineering of the peripheral nerve - It reviews current knowledge and understanding, provides a starting point for researchers and practitioners entering the field, and builds a platform for further research and discovery