Author: Mariana KekisPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Regulation of MRNA Decay by Pumilio in Drosophila Melanogaster
Author: Mariana KekisSystematic Analysis of Protein-RNA Interactions in Drosophila
Author: John LaverPublisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression, through the control of mRNA splicing, polyadenylation, nuclear export, localization, translation, and stability, is essential for achieving appropriate temporal and spatial patterns of protein expression. This regulation is mediated by trans-acting factors, such as RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and non-coding RNAs, which associate with specific mRNA targets through the recognition of sequence- or structure-based cis-elements present in the transcripts. The genomes of most organisms encode hundreds of RBPs, each of which likely associates with hundreds of mRNAs. Thus, a genome-wide view of the regulation being mediated by all trans-factors is essential for a complete understanding of post-transcriptional control. While post-transcriptional regulation is crucial in all biological systems, it has a particularly prominent role during early embryo development, as during this time there is no transcription from the zygotic genome of the embryo, and, thus, gene expression and development is controlled entirely post-transcriptionally. In this thesis, I describe my efforts towards obtaining a global understanding of post-transcriptional regulation in early Drosophila melanogaster embryos, through the development and use of synthetic antibodies as tools to identify, genome-wide, RBP-mRNA interactions. First, I demonstrated that synthetic antibodies generated against RBPs can be used as tools to identify RBP-associated mRNAs through immunoprecipitation-based approaches, or, conversely, to disrupt RBP-mRNA interactions. I then used synthetic antibodies to identify the entire complement of mRNAs associated with 3 developmentally-important RBPs: the double-stranded RBP Staufen, the TRIM-NHL protein Brain Tumor, and the PUF protein Pumilio. Computational analyses of these mRNAs revealed: (1) novel cis-elements likely mediating the mRNA-binding activity of Staufen and Brain Tumor; (2) that, unexpectedly, Brain Tumor and Pumilio function largely independently of each other in early embryos; and, (3) a novel role for Brain Tumor in promoting mRNA decay, which was demonstrated through a transcriptome-wide analysis of mRNA levels in brain tumor mutant embryos. To facilitate a truly genome-wide analysis of RBP-mRNA interactions, we developed a high-throughput pipeline for production of synthetic antibodies, and used this pipeline to generate 279 antibodies against 61 RBPs. In future this pipeline and the antibodies generated will allow for global studies of post-transcriptional regulation.
Transcriptional and Translational Regulation of Stem Cells
Author: Gary HimePublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 9400766211
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 370
Book Description
This volume describes the latest findings on transcriptional and translational regulation of stem cells. Both transcriptional activators and repressors have been shown to be crucial for the maintenance of the stem cell state. A key element of stem cell maintenance is repression of differentiation factors or developmental genes – achieved transcriptionally, epigenetically by the Polycomb complex, and post-transcriptionally by RNA-binding proteins and microRNAs. This volume takes two approaches to this topic – (1) illustrating the general principles outlined above through a series of different stem cell examples – embryonic, iPS and adult stem cells, and (2) describing several molecular families that have been shown to have roles in regulation of multiple stem cell populations.
RNA-protein Interactions
Author: Kiyoshi NagaiPublisher: Oxford University Press, USA
ISBN:
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 302
Book Description
The study of RNA-protein interactions is crucial to understanding the mechanisms and control of gene expression and protein synthesis. The realization that RNAs are often far more biologically active than was previously appreciated has stimulated a great deal of new research in this field. Uniquely, in this book, the world's leading researchers have collaborated to produce a comprehensive and current review of RNA-protein interactions for all scientists working in this area. Timely, comprehensive, and authoritative, this new Frontiers title will be invaluable for all researchers in molecular biology, biochemistry and structural biology.
The Embryonic Development of Drosophila melanogaster
Author: Jose A. Campos-OrtegaPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3662024543
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 237
Book Description
" . . . but our knowledge is so weak that no philosoph er will ever be able to completely explore the nature of even a fly . . . " * Thornas Aquinas "In Syrnbolurn Apostolorum" 079 RSV p/96 This is a monograph on embryogenesis of the fruit fly Drosophi la melanogaster conceived as a reference book on morphology of embryonie development. A monograph of this extent and con tent is not yet available in the literature of Drosophila embryolo gy, and we believe that there is areal need for it. Thanks to the progress achieved during the last ten years in the fields of devel opmental and molecular genetics, work on Drosophila develop ment has considerably expanded creating an even greater need for the information that we present here. Our own interest for wildtype embryonie development arose several years ago, when we began to study the development of mutants. While those studies were going on we repeatedly had occasion to state in sufficiencies in the existing literature about the embryology of the wildtype, so that we undertook investigating many of these problems by ourselves. Convinced that several of our colleagues will have encountered similar difficulties we decided to publish the present monograph. Although not expressely recorded, Thomas Aquinas probably referred to the domestic fly and not to the fruit fly. Irrespective of which fly he meant, however, we know that Thomas was right in any case.
Fungal RNA Biology
Author: Ane SesmaPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 3319056875
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 396
Book Description
This book presents an overview of the RNA networks controlling gene expression in fungi highlighting the remaining questions and future challenges in this area. It covers several aspects of the RNA-mediated mechanisms that regulate gene expression in model yeasts and filamentous fungi, organisms of great importance for industry, medicine and agriculture. It is estimated that there are more than one million fungal species on the Earth. Despite their diversity (saprophytic, parasitic and mutualistic), fungi share common features distinctive from plants and animals and have been grouped taxonomically as an independent eukaryotic kingdom. In this book, 15 chapters written by experts in their fields cover the RNA-dependent processes that take place in a fungal cell ranging from formation of coding and non-coding RNAs to mRNA translation, ribosomal RNA biogenesis, gene silencing, RNA editing and epigenetic regulation.
Regulatory Networks in Stem Cells
Author: Vinagolu K. RajasekharPublisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 1603272275
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 590
Book Description
Stem cells appear to be fundamental cellular units associated with the origin of multicellular organisms and have evolved to function in safeguarding the cellular homeostasis in organ t- sues. The characteristics of stem cells that distinguish them from other cells have been the fascinating subjects of stem cell research. The important properties of stem cells, such as ma- tenance of quiescence, self-renewal capacity, and differentiation potential, have propelled this exciting ?eld and presently form a common theme of research in developmental biology and medicine. The derivation of pluripotent embryonic stem cells, the prospective identi?cation of multipotent adult stem cells, and, more recently, the induced pluripotent stem cells (popularly called iPS) are important milestones in the arena of stem cell biology. Complex networks of transcription factors, different signaling molecules, and the interaction of genetic and epi- netic events constantly modulate stem cell behavior to evoke programming and reprogramming processes in normal tissue homeostasis during development. In any given cellular scenario, the regulatory networks can pose considerable complexity and yet exert an orderly control of stem cell differentiation during normal development. An aberration in these ?nely tuned processes during development usually results in a spectrum of diseases such as cancers and neurological disorders. Thisunderscorestheimminentneedforamorecompleteunderstandingofmolecular mechanisms underlying the regulatory circuitries required for stem cell maintenance. Overthepast3–5years,adiversegroupofbenchandphysicianscientistshaveprospectively enhanced our knowledge of stem cell biology. These studies are unveiling many unrecognized or previously unknown fundamentals of developmental biology.
RNA-Based Regulation in Human Health and Disease
Author: Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128171944
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 444
Book Description
RNA-based Regulation in Human Health and Disease offers an in-depth exploration of RNA mediated genome regulation at different hierarchies. Beginning with multitude of canonical and non-canonical RNA populations, especially noncoding RNA in human physiology and evolution, further sections examine the various classes of RNAs (from small to large noncoding and extracellular RNAs), functional categories of RNA regulation (RNA-binding proteins, alternative splicing, RNA editing, antisense transcripts and RNA G-quadruplexes), dynamic aspects of RNA regulation modulating physiological homeostasis (aging), role of RNA beyond humans, tools and technologies for RNA research (wet lab and computational) and future prospects for RNA-based diagnostics and therapeutics. One of the core strengths of the book includes spectrum of disease-specific chapters from experts in the field highlighting RNA-based regulation in metabolic & neurodegenerative disorders, cancer, inflammatory disease, viral and bacterial infections. We hope the book helps researchers, students and clinicians appreciate the role of RNA-based regulation in genome regulation, aiding the development of useful biomarkers for prognosis, diagnosis, and novel RNA-based therapeutics. Comprehensive information of non-canonical RNA-based genome regulation modulating human health and disease Defines RNA classes with special emphasis on unexplored world of noncoding RNA at different hierarchies Disease specific role of RNA - causal, prognostic, diagnostic and therapeutic Features contributions from leading experts in the field
Translational Control of Gene Expression
Author: Nahum SonenbergPublisher: CSHL Press
ISBN: 9780879696184
Category : Gene expression
Languages : en
Pages : 1034
Book Description
Since the 1996 publication of Translational Control, there has been fresh interest in protein synthesis and recognition of the key role of translation control mechanisms in regulating gene expression. This new monograph updates and expands the scope of the earlier book but it also takes a fresh look at the field. In a new format, the first eight chapters provide broad overviews, while each of the additional twenty-eight has a focus on a research topic of more specific interest. The result is a thoroughly up-to-date account of initiation, elongation, and termination of translation, control mechanisms in development in response to extracellular stimuli, and the effects on the translation machinery of virus infection and disease. This book is essential reading for students entering the field and an invaluable resource for investigators of gene expression and its control.
Author: Caroline Fox