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Author: Katerina Galai Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 9780367671037 Category : Mercenary troops (International law) Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
This work examines the ability of existing and evolving PMC regulation to adequately control private force, and it challenges the capacity of international law to deliver accountability in the event of private military company (PMC) misconduct. From medieval to early modern history, private soldiers dominated the military realm and were fundamental to the waging of wars until the rise of a national citizen army. Today, PMCs are again a significant force, performing various security, logistics, and strategy functions across the world. Unlike mercenaries or any other form of irregular force, PMCs acquired a corporate legal personality, a legitimising status that alters the governance model of today. Drawing on historical examples of different forms of governance, the relationship between neoliberal states and private military companies is conceptualised here as a form of a 'shared governance'. It reflects states' reliance on PMCs relinquishing a degree of their power and transferring certain functions to the private sector. As non-state actors grow in authority, wielding power, and making claims to legitimacy through self-regulation, other sources of law also become imaginable and relevant to enact regulation and invoke responsibility.
Author: Simon Chesterman Publisher: OUP Oxford ISBN: 0191566519 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 320
Book Description
Frequently characterized as either mercenaries in modern guise or the market's response to a security vacuum, private military companies are commercial firms offering military services ranging from combat and military training and advice to logistical support, and which play an increasingly important role in armed conflicts, UN peace operations, and providing security in unstable states. Executive Outcomes turned around an orphaned conflict in Sierra Leone in the mid-1990s; Military Professional Resources Incorporated (MPRI) was instrumental in shifting the balance of power in the Balkans, enabling the Croatian military to defeat Serb forces and clear the way for the Dayton negotiations; in Iraq, estimates of the number of private contractors on the ground are in the tens of thousands. As they assume more responsibilities in conflict and post-conflict settings, their growing significance raises fundamental questions about their nature, their role in different regions and contexts, and their regulation. This volume examines these issues with a focus on governance, in particular the interaction between regulation and market forces. It analyzes the current legal framework and the needs and possibilities for regulation in the years ahead. The book as a whole is organized around four sets of questions, which are reflected in the four parts of the book. First, why and how is regulation of PMCs now a challenging issue? Secondly, how have problems leading to a call for regulation manifested in different regions and contexts? Third, what regulatory norms and institutions currently exist and how effective are they? And, fourth, what role has the market to play in regulation?
Author: Katerina Galai Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 9780367671037 Category : Mercenary troops (International law) Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
This work examines the ability of existing and evolving PMC regulation to adequately control private force, and it challenges the capacity of international law to deliver accountability in the event of private military company (PMC) misconduct. From medieval to early modern history, private soldiers dominated the military realm and were fundamental to the waging of wars until the rise of a national citizen army. Today, PMCs are again a significant force, performing various security, logistics, and strategy functions across the world. Unlike mercenaries or any other form of irregular force, PMCs acquired a corporate legal personality, a legitimising status that alters the governance model of today. Drawing on historical examples of different forms of governance, the relationship between neoliberal states and private military companies is conceptualised here as a form of a 'shared governance'. It reflects states' reliance on PMCs relinquishing a degree of their power and transferring certain functions to the private sector. As non-state actors grow in authority, wielding power, and making claims to legitimacy through self-regulation, other sources of law also become imaginable and relevant to enact regulation and invoke responsibility.
Author: Katerina Galai Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 0429879962 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 210
Book Description
This work examines the ability of existing and evolving PMC regulation to adequately control private force, and it challenges the capacity of international law to deliver accountability in the event of private military company (PMC) misconduct. From medieval to early modern history, private soldiers dominated the military realm and were fundamental to the waging of wars until the rise of a national citizen army. Today, PMCs are again a significant force, performing various security, logistics, and strategy functions across the world. Unlike mercenaries or any other form of irregular force, PMCs acquired a corporate legal personality, a legitimising status that alters the governance model of today. Drawing on historical examples of different forms of governance, the relationship between neoliberal states and private military companies is conceptualised here as a form of a ‘shared governance'. It reflects states’ reliance on PMCs relinquishing a degree of their power and transferring certain functions to the private sector. As non-state actors grow in authority, wielding power, and making claims to legitimacy through self-regulation, other sources of law also become imaginable and relevant to enact regulation and invoke responsibility.
Author: Nihat Dumlupinar Publisher: ISBN: Category : National security Languages : en Pages : 101
Book Description
The number of Private Military Companies (PMCs) used by the United States in military operations has increased substantially in the last two decades. While the ratio of contractor personnel to military personnel in the Persian Gulf War was 1 to 55, it was about 1 to 1 in Operation Iraqi Freedom in 2003. Because of the intense use of PMCs by coalition forces in Iraq, problems related to their legal status, the contracting process, civilian control, and oversight have emerged. These problems require national solutions as well as effective support from the international level. In addition, the types and levels of dangers faced by states that employ PMCs are not same. Incapable or weak states, such as Iraq, are more vulnerable to the challenges of PMC use than capable or strong states, such as the United States. Moreover, weak states do not have the capacity to solve the problems inherent in using PMCs, whereas strong states do, although they need the political will to do so. Thus, at the national level, the priorities and approaches of states to PMCs must be different. In addition, international regulations must be established to reinforce national regulations governing PMCs because of the transnational nature of the Private Military Industry. The primary research questions this thesis addresses are as follows: What are the motives and capabilities of the United States and Iraq to regulate PMCs?; and How can national regulations governing PMCs be supported at the international level?
Author: Berenike Prem Publisher: Gower Publishing Company, Limited ISBN: 9781138330436 Category : Integrated operations Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
This book examines the legitimation of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs), focusing on the controversy between PMSCs and Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs). While existing studies disproportionately emphasise the ability for companies and their clients to dominate and shape perceptions of the industry, this book offers an alternative explanation for the oft-cited normalization of PMSCs and the trend to privatise security by analysing the changing relationship between PMSCs and NGOs. It uses the concept of 'norm entrepreneurship' to elucidate the legitimation game between these two dissimilar actors. Starting from the 1990s, the book shows that the relationship between PMSCs and NGOs has undergone a transition by literally moving from 'the barricades to the boardrooms'. After years of fierce advocacy and PR campaigns against PMSCs, today both actors increasingly collaborate in multi-stakeholder initiatives, elevating the status of PMSCs from a scorned actor to a trusted partner in the regulation of the industry. The work offers a comprehensive explanation of when and why this kind of collective norm entrepreneurship is likely to occur. This book will be of interest to students of private military and security companies, critical security studies, global governance, international norms, and International Relations. usted partner in the regulation of the industry. The work offers a comprehensive explanation of when and why this kind of collective norm entrepreneurship is likely to occur. This book will be of interest to students of private military and security companies, critical security studies, global governance, international norms, and International Relations.
Author: Sarah Percy Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1134974337 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 77
Book Description
The under-regulation of the private security industry has increasingly become a topic of media and academic interest. This Adelphi Paper enters the debate by explaining why the industry requires further regulation, and what is wrong with the current system. It begins by briefly defining the industry and explaining the need for more effective regulation, before analysing three types of regulation: domestic, international and informal (including self-regulation).
Author: Abdel-Fatau Musah Publisher: Pluto Press ISBN: 9780745314716 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 354
Book Description
Second volume of Deutscher prize-winning trilogy on the future of IR, tracing the defining characteristics of 'foreign encounters' over time.
Author: Erika Calazans Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN: 1443893951 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 175
Book Description
This book’s primary concern is the application of International Humanitarian Law and International Human Rights Law in addressing the business conduct of Private Military and Security Companies (PMSCs) during armed conflicts, as well as state responsibility for human rights violations and current attempts at international regulation. The book discusses four interconnected themes. First, it differentiates private contractors from mercenaries, presenting an historical overview of private violence. Second, it situates PMSCs’ employees under the legal status of civilian or combatant in accordance with the Third and Fourth Geneva Conventions of 1949. It then investigates the existing law on state responsibility and what sort of responsibility companies and their employees can face. Finally, the book explores current developments on regulation within the industry, on national, regional and international levels. These themes are connected by the argument that, in order to find gaps in the existing laws, it is necessary to establish what they are, what law is applicable and what further developments are needed.
Author: Thomas Jäger Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3531903136 Category : Political Science Languages : de Pages : 489
Book Description
Private Sicherheits- und Militärunternehmen erleben seit den 1990er Jahren einen außerordentlichen Boom und sind derzeit eines der spannendsten Phänomene in den internationalen Beziehungen. Die Palette der von ihnen angebotenen Dienstleistungen ist groß. Sie reichen von logistischer Unterstützung über Aufklärung bis hin zu Kampfeinsätzen. Zu ihren Kunden zählen Regierungen, Wirtschaftsunternehmen, internationale Organisationen, NGOs, humanitäre Organisationen sowie Privatpersonen. Gegenwärtig lässt sich an den Auseinandersetzungen im Irak sowohl die Aktualität wie auch die Brisanz ihres Einsatzes illustrieren, gibt es doch Anzeichen dafür, dass Beschäftigte solcher Unternehmen u.a. in die Folterung von Gefangenen verwickelt sind. Die Beiträge des Sammelbandes aus der Feder nationaler wie internationaler Expertinnen und Experten beschreiben und analysieren verschiedene Typen von privaten Sicherheits- und Militärunternehmens, ihre Dienstleistungen und die Umstände, die ihren Boom befördert haben. Sie diskutieren die Vor- wie auch die Nachteile ihres Einsatzes und beschreiben Instrumente, die die Tätigkeit dieser Unternehmen stärker reglementieren und kontrollieren könnten.
Author: Katerina Galai
Author: Simon Chesterman
Author: Katerina Galai
Author: Katerina Galai
Author: Nihat Dumlupinar
Author: Great Britain. Foreign and Commonwealth Office
Author: Berenike Prem
Author: Sarah Percy
Author: Abdel-Fatau Musah
Author: Erika Calazans
Author: Thomas Jäger