Author: Carolyn R. HarperPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cotton
Languages : en
Pages : 72
Book Description
Regulating Pesticides Under Uncertainty
Author: Carolyn R. HarperPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cotton
Languages : en
Pages : 72
Book Description
Pesticides in the Diets of Infants and Children
Author: National Research CouncilPublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309048753
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 402
Book Description
Many of the pesticides applied to food crops in this country are present in foods and may pose risks to human health. Current regulations are intended to protect the health of the general population by controlling pesticide use. This book explores whether the present regulatory approaches adequately protect infants and children, who may differ from adults in susceptibility and in dietary exposures to pesticide residues. The committee focuses on four major areas: Susceptibility: Are children more susceptible or less susceptible than adults to the effects of dietary exposure to pesticides? Exposure: What foods do infants and children eat, and which pesticides and how much of them are present in those foods? Is the current information on consumption and residues adequate to estimate exposure? Toxicity: Are toxicity tests in laboratory animals adequate to predict toxicity in human infants and children? Do the extent and type of toxicity of some chemicals vary by species and by age? Assessing risk: How is dietary exposure to pesticide residues associated with response? How can laboratory data on lifetime exposures of animals be used to derive meaningful estimates of risk to children? Does risk accumulate more rapidly during the early years of life? This book will be of interest to policymakers, administrators of research in the public and private sectors, toxicologists, pediatricians and other health professionals, and the pesticide industry.
Regulating Pesticides in Food
Author: National Research CouncilPublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309037468
Category : Medical
Languages : en
Pages : 288
Book Description
Concern about health effects from exposure to pesticides in foods is growing as scientists learn more about the toxic properties of pesticides. The Delaney Clause, a provision of the Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act, prohibits tolerances for any pesticide that causes cancer in test animals or in humans if the pesticide concentrates in processed food or feeds. This volume examines the impacts of the Delaney Clause on agricultural innovation and on the public's dietary exposure to potentially carcinogenic pesticide residues. Four regulatory scenarios are described to illustrate the effects of varying approaches to managing oncogenic pesticide residues in food.
The Application of Uncertainty Factors and the Pest Control Products Act Factor in the Human Health Risk Assessment of Pesticides
Author: Publisher:
ISBN: 9781100103068
Category : Pesticides
Languages : en
Pages : 23
Book Description
"This document describes how Health Canada's Pest Management Regulatory Agency (PMRA) addresses uncertainty and variability in the mammalian toxicity database in the human health risk assessment of pesticides. The application of uncertainty factors to the most relevant endpoints in the mammalian toxicity database ensures that there is a protective margin between the dose levels that elicit toxicity in laboratory animal studies and the anticipated human exposure. This document also describes how the PMRA addresses the additional 10-fold margin of safety required under certain conditions as specified in the new Pest Control Products Act (PCPA). This margin of safety, herein referred to as the PCPA factor, is intended to provide additional protection for infants and children in the risk assessment. This document describes the relevant factors and provides a framework for the application of these factors."--Document.
Use of Uncertainty and Safety Factors in the Human Health Risk Assessment of Pesticides
Author: Publisher:
ISBN: 9780662461722
Category : Pesticides
Languages : en
Pages :
Book Description
Regulatory Science and Uncertainty in the Risk Assessment of Pesticide Residues
Author: Rebecca DigglePesticides, Information and Pest Management Under Uncertainty
Author: Gershon FederPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Pesticides
Languages : en
Pages : 54
Book Description
The Role of Risk Assessment in the Regulation of Pesticides
Author: NJ. RachmanPublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Negligible risk
Languages : en
Pages : 8
Book Description
Quantitative risk assessment is an important tool for regulating potentially carcinogenic chemicals including some pesticides. Although requiring that pesticide residue tolerances not exceed a specific dietary risk level may appear to be an effective risk management approach, it ignores significant limitations of calculated risk numbers that arise from uncertainties inherent in the risk assessment process. Determining what level of risk is to be considered negligible is a matter of policy rather than science. Different federal agencies and programs consider various levels of risk acceptable, but there appears to be some consensus that risks below 10-6 are negligible.
The Future Role of Pesticides in US Agriculture
Author: National Research CouncilPublisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309172942
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 325
Book Description
Although chemical pesticides safeguard crops and improve farm productivity, they are increasingly feared for their potentially dangerous residues and their effects on ecosystems. The Future Role of Pesticides explores the role of chemical pesticides in the decade ahead and identifies the most promising opportunities for increasing the benefits and reducing the risks of pesticide use. The committee recommends R&D, program, and policy initiatives for federal agriculture authorities and other stakeholders in the public and private sectors. This book presents clear overviews of key factors in chemical pesticide use, including: Advances in genetic engineering not only of pest-resistant crops but also of pests themselves. Problems in pesticide useâ€"concerns about the health of agricultural workers, the ability of pests to develop resistance, issues of public perception, and more. Impending shifts in agricultureâ€"globalization of the economy, biological "invasions" of organisms, rising sensitivity toward cross-border environmental issues, and other trends. With a model and working examples, this book offers guidance on how to assess various pest control strategies available to today's agriculturist.
The Scientific Uncertainty of the Harm and Benefits of Pesticides in Organic and Non-organic Food
Author: Benjamin MilnePublisher:
ISBN:
Category : Decision making
Languages : en
Pages : 346
Book Description
In this thesis it is argued that the relative safety of organic food versus non-organic food is complex and subjective. Expert and lay people are interviewed using scenarios to assess their differences in understanding of situations involving scientific uncertainty, namely the evaluation of pesticide safety and the control and regulation of the pesticide's use. Ecofeminism is used to analyze the results as it is a theoretic that links the destruction of the environment with social hierarchies. A novel schematic for expanding scientific uncertainty beyond the scientific method is presented as a way for both a more nunaced understanding of scientific uncertainty and for greater civic participation in scientific decision-making.