Regional Vulnerability Assessment for the Dungeness Crab (Metacarcinus Magister) to Changing Ocean Conditions Insights From Model Projections and Empirical Experiments PDF Download
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Author: Halle Marie Berger Publisher: ISBN: Category : Animal populations Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Among global coastal regions, the Northern California Current System (N-CCS) is already experiencing effects from ocean acidification and hypoxia during the summer, primarily due to the region's seasonal upwelling, current systems, and high productivity. Oxygen, pH, and temperature conditions are expected to become more stressful with continued fossil fuel emissions under global climate change, posing a serious threat to the region's fisheries. N-CCS fishing communities rely heavily on the economically and culturally important Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister). The fishery is currently sustainably managed, but potential negative impacts from changing ocean conditions on Dungeness crab life stages and populations could have adverse effects for the fishery and the communities that rely on it. To quantify the vulnerability of Dungeness crab life stages and populations to predicted future conditions, both model projections and empirical experiments need to be employed. A semi-quantitative, life stage-specific framework was adapted here to assess the vulnerability of Dungeness crab to low pH, low dissolved oxygen, and high temperature under present and future projected conditions in the seasonally dynamic N-CCS. This was achieved using a combination of regional ocean models, species distribution maps, larval transport models, a population matrix model, and a literature review. This multi-faceted approach revealed that crab vulnerability to the three climate stressors will increase in the future (year 2100) under the most intense emissions scenario, with vulnerability to low oxygen being the most severe to the N-CCS population overall. Increases in vulnerability were largely driven by the adult life stage, which contributes the most to population growth. Empirical experiments demonstrated that adult crab respiration rates increase exponentially with temperature, potentially making this life stage more susceptible to hypoxia in the future. Together, this work provides novel insights into the effects of changing ocean conditions on Dungeness crab populations, which may help inform fishery management strategies.|Archives and Special Collections at the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries
Author: Halle Marie Berger Publisher: ISBN: Category : Animal populations Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
Among global coastal regions, the Northern California Current System (N-CCS) is already experiencing effects from ocean acidification and hypoxia during the summer, primarily due to the region's seasonal upwelling, current systems, and high productivity. Oxygen, pH, and temperature conditions are expected to become more stressful with continued fossil fuel emissions under global climate change, posing a serious threat to the region's fisheries. N-CCS fishing communities rely heavily on the economically and culturally important Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister). The fishery is currently sustainably managed, but potential negative impacts from changing ocean conditions on Dungeness crab life stages and populations could have adverse effects for the fishery and the communities that rely on it. To quantify the vulnerability of Dungeness crab life stages and populations to predicted future conditions, both model projections and empirical experiments need to be employed. A semi-quantitative, life stage-specific framework was adapted here to assess the vulnerability of Dungeness crab to low pH, low dissolved oxygen, and high temperature under present and future projected conditions in the seasonally dynamic N-CCS. This was achieved using a combination of regional ocean models, species distribution maps, larval transport models, a population matrix model, and a literature review. This multi-faceted approach revealed that crab vulnerability to the three climate stressors will increase in the future (year 2100) under the most intense emissions scenario, with vulnerability to low oxygen being the most severe to the N-CCS population overall. Increases in vulnerability were largely driven by the adult life stage, which contributes the most to population growth. Empirical experiments demonstrated that adult crab respiration rates increase exponentially with temperature, potentially making this life stage more susceptible to hypoxia in the future. Together, this work provides novel insights into the effects of changing ocean conditions on Dungeness crab populations, which may help inform fishery management strategies.|Archives and Special Collections at the Thomas J. Dodd Research Center, University of Connecticut Libraries
Author: Raphaelle Descoteaux Publisher: ISBN: Category : Crabs Languages : en Pages : 116
Book Description
The oceans absorb a large proportion of the carbon dioxide gas (CO2) emitted into the atmosphere. This CO2 changes the chemistry of seawater to make it more acidic, a phenomenon termed ocean acidification. Ocean acidification can have negative impacts on marine fauna, especially during early life stages, presenting a risk to ecosystems and fisheries. This research tested the effects of ocean acidification on the larval development of three crab species in Alaska: Tanner crab (Chionoecetes bairdi), rock crab (Glebocarcinus oregonensis), and Dungeness crab (Metacarcinus magister). Experiments were undertaken to assess the effects of exposure to low-pH conditions (decrease of up to 0.6 pH units from current levels, range of pH ~8.1 to 7.5) on survival, growth (morphometrics and mass), and carapace mineral composition of larval Tanner, rock, and Dungeness crabs. Results showed a decrease in survival as well as a small but nonsignificant decrease in size of Tanner crabs. There was a small and complex effect of pH on survival of Dungeness crabs. Rock crabs raised in low-pH conditions (pH 7.5) had higher individual biomass than those raised in ambient conditions (pH 8.1). There was no significant impact of pH on mineralization of any species. Therefore, low pH had a negative effect on development of Tanner crabs, a small effect on Dungeness larval survival and no discernible negative effect on rock crab larvae. Differences in response to ocean acidification may be related to pre-adaptation to variable pH conditions through lifestyle such that species that live in deeper, more stable waters (e.g., Tanner crab) are more vulnerable than species living in shallower, more variable waters (e.g., rock and Dungeness crabs). These observations suggest that ocean acidification will have negative impacts on Tanner and Dungeness crab larval survival with potential implications for recruitment to the adult population and consequently, for their fisheries.
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251306079 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 654
Book Description
This report indicates that climate change will significantly affect the availability and trade of fish products, especially for those countries most dependent on the sector, and calls for effective adaptation and mitigation actions encompassing food production.
Author: Bruce F. Phillips Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1119154065 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 1048
Book Description
The first comprehensive review of the current and future effects of climate change on the world’s fisheries and aquaculture operations The first book of its kind, Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture explores the impacts of climate change on global fisheries resources and on marine aquaculture. It also offers expert suggestions on possible adaptations to reduce those impacts. The world's climate is changing more rapidly than scientists had envisioned just a few years ago, and the potential impact of climate change on world food production is quite alarming. Nowhere is the sense of alarm more keenly felt than among those who study the warming of the world's oceans. Evidence of the dire effects of climate change on fisheries and fish farming has now mounted to such an extent that the need for a book such as this has become urgent. A landmark publication devoted exclusively to how climate change is affecting and is likely to affect commercially vital fisheries and aquaculture operations globally, Climate Change Impacts on Fisheries and Aquaculture provides scientists and fishery managers with a summary of and reference point for information on the subject which has been gathered thus far. Covers an array of critical topics and assesses reviews of climate change impacts on fisheries and aquaculture from many countries, including Japan, Mexico, South Africa, Australia, Chile, US, UK, New Zealand, Pacific Islands, India and others Features chapters on the effects of climate change on pelagic species, cod, lobsters, plankton, macroalgae, seagrasses and coral reefs Reviews the spread of diseases, economic and social impacts, marine aquaculture and adaptation in aquaculture under climate change Includes special reports on the Antarctic Ocean, the Caribbean Sea, the Arctic Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea Extensive references throughout the book make this volume both a comprehensive text for general study and a reference/guide to further research for fisheries scientists, fisheries managers, aquaculture personnel, climate change specialists, aquatic invertebrate and vertebrate biologists, physiologists, marine biologists, economists, environmentalist biologists and planners.
Author: Sui Ling Kuo Publisher: ISBN: 9781267657152 Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Evidence of climate change has now been observed in many ecosystems, and there is an increasing need to predict how species may be influenced by future environmental conditions. Models forecasting future distributions of organisms often assume that heat stress decreases with increasing latitude, populations within a species have similar stress tolerances, and temperature is the primary determinant of species biogeographic range boundaries. Species ranges are thus generally predicted to shift poleward with global warming. However, these assumptions neglect the fact that other ecological and evolutionary processes can also control species distributions, and influence their response to climate change. In this dissertation, I evaluated these assumptions using empirical studies of two intertidal gastropod species that occur along the northeastern Pacific coast: the channeled dogwhelk Nucella canaliculata and the specialist seaweed limpet Lottia insessa. My results demonstrate how mechanistic studies can inform more accurate predictions for species responses to climate change. In Chapter 1, I used laboratory experiments to show that populations of the snail N. canaliculata had evolved genetic differences in their tolerance of heat stress, and that southern populations were less heat tolerant than their northern counterparts. This geographic variation in thermal tolerance mirrored the pattern of intertidal thermal stress along the coast, where northern sites were hotter than southern sites due to regional variation in the timing of low tides. Geographic patterns of environmental conditions and stress tolerant genotypes were spatially complex, and may modulate the effects of climate change on local population extinctions and species range shifts.To assess the effects of future climate change on potential species range shifts, it is crucial to have baseline data on current distributional patterns. However, accurate documentation of the distribution and locations of range boundaries is lacking for most species. In Chapter 2, I examined museum collections and conducted field surveys to document the distribution of the limpet L. insessa along the northeastern Pacific coast, and clarified that the northern range boundary of this species occurs at Cape Arago in southern Oregon, USA. In Chapter 3, I used a series of field studies and laboratory experiments to test whether the northern range boundary of L. insessa at Cape Arago is constrained by three ecological factors: (1) the limpet's physiological intolerance of the temperatures found beyond the range boundary, (2) increased mortality due to stronger wave disturbance beyond the range boundary, or (3) low densities (or the absence) of its host kelp (Egregia menziesii) beyond the range boundary. I found little support for temperature and wave disturbance in constraining the distribution of L. insessa, and conclude that dispersal barriers created by limited availability of suitable rocky habitat appear to be the most important determinant setting the range boundary of this species. Since the range boundary of L. insessa is not set by its intolerance of cold temperatures, its range may not necessarily shift poleward as predicted even as temperatures warm. In Chapter 4, I conducted a laboratory experiment to test empirically how the lecithotrophic (non-feeding) larvae of L. insessa will respond to future ocean conditions (elevated temperature and reduced pH). I found that fewer larvae survived to settlement under elevated temperatures, and that larval shell size was affected negatively and additively by elevated temperature and reduced pH. However, larval duration was not affected by changes in these two factors. This study suggests that lecithotrophic larvae that rely on maternal provisioning may be constrained energetically in their capacity to respond to multiple environmental stressors, and that they may be more vulnerable to climate change compared to planktotrophic larvae that can feed in the plankton to compensate for the increased metabolic costs of development under stressful conditions. Taken together, results from Chapters 3 and 4 suggest that warming temperatures in the future may not necessarily facilitate a poleward range extension in L. insessa, whose current range boundary is limited by habitat rather than temperature. Instead, reduced larval survival under warmer temperatures may further decrease recruitment in this species that is already recruitment-limited at the current range edge, and this may potentially result in a range contraction. These complexities suggest that predictions of future changes in species distributions will benefit from a mechanistic understanding of how current species range boundaries are maintained, and how these determinants may be altered in the face of climate change.
Author: Cliff Mass Publisher: University of Washington Press ISBN: 0295748451 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 314
Book Description
Powerful Pacific storms strike the region. Otherworldly lenticular clouds often cap Mount Rainier. Rain shadows create sunny skies while torrential rain falls a few miles away. The Pineapple Express brings tropical moisture and warmth during Northwest winters. The Pacific Northwest produces some of the most distinctive and variable weather in North America, which is described with colorful and evocative language in this book. Atmospheric scientist and blogger Cliff Mass, known for his ability to make complex science readily accessible to all, shares eyewitness accounts, historical episodes, and the latest meteorological knowledge. This updated, extensively illustrated, and expanded new edition features: • A new chapter on the history of wildfires and their impact on air quality • Analysis of recent floods and storms, including the Oso landslide of 2014, the 2016 “Ides of October” windstorm, and the tornado that damaged 250 homes in Port Orchard on the Kitsap Peninsula in 2018 • Fresh insight on local weather phenomena such as “The Blob” • Updates on the latest technological advances used in forecasting • A new chapter on the meteorology of British Columbia Highly readable and packed with useful scientific information, this indispensable guide is a go-to resource for outdoor enthusiasts, boaters, gardeners, and anyone who wants to understand and appreciate the complex and fascinating meteorology of the region.
Author: Halle Marie Berger
Author: Halle Marie Berger
Author: Raphaelle Descoteaux
Author: Walter Howard Pearson
Author: Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations![The Effect of Structural Complexity in Eelgrass Meadows on the Predatory Activity of the Dungeness Crab, Cancer Magister [microform] PDF](https://books.google.com/books/content/images/frontcover/ywt_tgAACAAJ?fife=w80-h100)
Author: Lois Julia Hollett
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Author: Bruce F. Phillips
Author: 
Author: Sui Ling Kuo
Author: Cliff Mass