Regional Source-oriented Air Quality Model for the Apportionment of Secondary Particulate Matter and Visibility PDF Download

Author: Qi Ying
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 348

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Author: Steven P. DeNero
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781267967909
Category :
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
Regional source contributions to primary and secondary airborne particulate matter concentrations in California's Central Valley were simulated with a source-oriented air quality modeling system that included feedbacks between source-oriented particles and meteorological parameters. The modeling system utilized in this study was developed from heavy alteration of open-source Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry (WRF-Chem). In this study WRF-Chem was altered at every code-structural level to create a source-oriented, size-resolved, photochemical version named the Source Oriented WRF-Chem (SOWC) model. Source apportionment calculations were performed with the SOWC model for 8 particle size fractions ranging from 0.01 - 10 [mu]m particle diameters with a spatial resolution of 4km and hourly time resolution. Primary and secondary source contributions were resolved for diesel engines, wood smoke, high sulfate combustion, food cooking, and other anthropogenic sources throughout central California. A three-week stagnation episode (December 15, 2000 to January 7, 2001) during the California Regional PM10/PM2.5 Air Quality Study (CRPAQS) was chosen for the initial application of the new modeling system. A statistical comparison of how the SOWC model performs against measured trends was conducted. SOWC model runs configured to track 5 particle sources individually through the atmosphere were compared with internally mixed runs in which chemical composition of all particles with the same size were averaged. The biases in the SOWC model calculations were compared to the bias from a modeling system composed of the standard WRF meteorological model combined with an offline reactive chemical transport model. The amount of time required to dissipate initial conditions and an error in the time variable used to calculate photochemical rate constants, which was introduced through the use of a restart file, narrowed the analysis period for all aspects of the model calculations to December 20-22, 2000 in the current study. Non-photochemical pollutant species were not significantly affected by the restart-file issue and these species were compared to observations throughout the study period. Concentrations of primary particulate matter components (emitted directly from a source) predicted by the internal vs. source-oriented external SOWC model differed by less than 1% in the current study. Secondary particulate matter components (formed by atmospheric chemical reactions) predicted by the internal vs. source-oriented external versions of the model also showed little contrast (

Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309144019
Category : Nature
Languages : en
Pages : 248

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Recent advances in air pollution monitoring and modeling capabilities have made it possible to show that air pollution can be transported long distances and that adverse impacts of emitted pollutants cannot be confined to one country or even one continent. Pollutants from traffic, cooking stoves, and factories emitted half a world away can make the air we inhale today more hazardous for our health. The relative importance of this "imported" pollution is likely to increase, as emissions in developing countries grow, and air quality standards in industrial countries are tightened. Global Sources of Local Pollution examines the impact of the long-range transport of four key air pollutants (ozone, particulate matter, mercury, and persistent organic pollutants) on air quality and pollutant deposition in the United States. It also explores the environmental impacts of U.S. emissions on other parts of the world. The book recommends that the United States work with the international community to develop an integrated system for determining pollution sources and impacts and to design effective response strategies. This book will be useful to international, federal, state, and local policy makers responsible for understanding and managing air pollution and its impacts on human health and well-being.

Author: Michael J. Kleeman
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air
Languages : en
Pages : 72

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Author: National Center for Environmental Assessment (Research Triangle Park, N.C.)
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Air quality
Languages : en
Pages : 1100

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Author: Sponsored by The Health Effects Institute
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309037263
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 703

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"The combination of scientific and institutional integrity represented by this book is unusual. It should be a model for future endeavors to help quantify environmental risk as a basis for good decisionmaking." â€"William D. Ruckelshaus, from the foreword. This volume, prepared under the auspices of the Health Effects Institute, an independent research organization created and funded jointly by the Environmental Protection Agency and the automobile industry, brings together experts on atmospheric exposure and on the biological effects of toxic substances to examine what is knownâ€"and not knownâ€"about the human health risks of automotive emissions.

Author:
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Chemical kinetics
Languages : en
Pages : 52

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Author: National Research Council
Publisher: National Academies Press
ISBN: 0309167868
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 426

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Managing the nation's air quality is a complex undertaking, involving tens of thousands of people in regulating thousands of pollution sources. The authors identify what has worked and what has not, and they offer wide-ranging recommendations for setting future priorities, making difficult choices, and increasing innovation. This new book explores how to better integrate scientific advances and new technologies into the air quality management system. The volume reviews the three-decade history of governmental efforts toward cleaner air, discussing how air quality standards are set and results measured, the design and implementation of control strategies, regulatory processes and procedures, special issues with mobile pollution sources, and more. The book looks at efforts to spur social and behavioral changes that affect air quality, the effectiveness of market-based instruments for air quality regulation, and many other aspects of the issue. Rich in technical detail, this book will be of interest to all those engaged in air quality management: scientists, engineers, industrial managers, law makers, regulators, health officials, clean-air advocates, and concerned citizens.

Author: B. Stonehouse
Publisher: Cambridge University Press
ISBN: 9780521093392
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Arctic atmospheric pollution is now a major international issue. This volume presents the most authoritative review of this increasingly important subject for an audience of both scientists and administrators concerned with worldwide, as well as polar, pollution problems. Arctic Air Pollution is an edited collection of papers, first presented at a conference helo as the Scott Polar Research Institute in Cambridge in 1985. Building on foundations established at earlier meetings, this volume examines the problem of Arctic air pollution in an integrated, multidisciplinary fashion, with contributions from leading authorities in chemistry, ecology, climatology and epidemiology. To chemists, physicists and climatologists, it presents scientific problems. Ecologists are concerned with environmental threats; medical researchers with potential threats to human health. International lawyers and administrators are concerned with the legal implications of pollutants transferred across continents. Overall hangs the major question; can man-made pollution affect the delicate energy balance of the Arctic, and precipitate major climatic change worldwide?

Author: P.K. Hopke
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 0080868347
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 345

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This book presents the background and application of receptor models for the source identification and quantitative mass apportionment of airborne pollutants. Over the past decade, receptor models have become an accepted part of the process for developing effective and efficient air quality management plans. Information is provided on the ambient and source sampling and chemical analysis needed to provide the input data for receptor models. Commonly used models are described with examples so that the air quality specialist can see how these models are applied. Recent advances in several areas of the field are presented as well as the perspective of both U.S. Federal and State level air quality managers on how these models fit into the development of a management plan. The aim of the book is to provide a practical guide to persons who may be given the task of implementing receptor modeling as a part of some air quality management problem. The intention of all the chapter authors is to furnish both the basic information needed to begin doing receptor modeling as well as some insight into some of the problems related to the use of these models. These tools like any others used in solving complex technological problems are not a panacea, but do represent powerful aids in data analysis that can lead to insights as to how an airshed functions and thus, to effective and efficient air quality management strategies.