Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9264061460 Category : Languages : en Pages : 71
Book Description
This book compiles the proceedings of four meetings held at the request of the Minister for Antimonopoly Policy of the Russian Federation, on the reform of railroads, telecommunications, electricity and natural gas, during December 2000-September 2001.
Author: Ioannis Nicolaos Kessides Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 328
Book Description
Electricity, natural gas, telecommunications, railways, and water supply, are often vertically and horizontally integrated state monopolies. This results in weak services, especially in developing and transition economies, and for poor people. Common problems include low productivity, high costs, bad quality, insufficient revenue, and investment shortfalls. Many countries over the past two decades have restructured, privatized and regulated their infrastructure. This report identifies the challenges involved in this massive policy redirection. It also assesses the outcomes of these changes, as well as their distributional consequences for poor households and other disadvantaged groups. It recommends directions for future reforms and research to improve infrastructure performance, identifying pricing policies that strike a balance between economic efficiency and social equity, suggesting rules governing access to bottleneck infrastructure facilities, and proposing ways to increase poor people's access to these crucial services.
Author: International Monetary Fund. European Dept. Publisher: International Monetary Fund ISBN: 1513502441 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 63
Book Description
This 2015 Article IV Consultation highlights that Russia entered 2014 with declining potential growth owing to the stabilization of oil prices, stalled structural reforms, weak investment, declining total factor productivity, and adverse population dynamics. In addition, the ongoing slowdown was exacerbated by the dual external shocks from the sharp decline in oil prices and sanctions. The authorities took measures to stabilize the economy and the financial system. Russia is expected to be in recession in 2015 owing to the sharp drop in oil prices and sanctions. Growth should resume in 2016 while inflation continues to decline.
Author: Asian Development Bank Publisher: Asian Development Bank ISBN: 9292543849 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 110
Book Description
Railways are essential for the development and diversification of Mongolia's economy. The Government of Mongolia recognizes that structural changes will be required to improve the efficiency of the rail sector and to provide incentives for private sector investment. A key step toward rail sector reform is to institute a tariff system for the use of rail infrastructure that provides "open access" to the rail network. This report proposes a system of rail infrastructure tariffs to enable liberalization of the freight market and spur private sector investment in Mongolia's rail sector.
Author: European Conference of Ministers of Transport Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9282123111 Category : Languages : en Pages : 160
Book Description
In this report, some of the world's leading experts in rail regulation examine the restructuring of the sector, focusing on tariff reform and the introduction of competition in one of the world's largest rail networks.
Author: Vivien Foster Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464814430 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 482
Book Description
During the 1990s, a new paradigm for power sector reform was put forward emphasizing the restructuring of utilities, the creation of regulators, the participation of the private sector, and the establishment of competitive power markets. Twenty-five years later, only a handful of developing countries have fully implemented these Washington Consensus policies. Across the developing world, reforms were adopted rather selectively, resulting in a hybrid model, in which elements of market orientation coexist with continued state dominance of the sector. This book aims to revisit and refresh thinking on power sector reform approaches for developing countries. The approach relies heavily on evidence from the past, drawing both on broad global trends and deep case material from 15 developing countries. It is also forward looking, considering the implications of new social and environmental policy goals, as well as the emerging technological disruptions. A nuanced picture emerges. Although regulation has been widely adopted, practice often falls well short of theory, and cost recovery remains an elusive goal. The private sector has financed a substantial expansion of generation capacity; yet, its contribution to power distribution has been much more limited, with efficiency levels that can sometimes be matched by well-governed public utilities. Restructuring and liberalization have been beneficial in a handful of larger middle-income nations but have proved too complex for most countries to implement. Based on these findings, the report points to three major policy implications. First, reform efforts need to be shaped by the political and economic context of the country. The 1990s reform model was most successful in countries that had reached certain minimum conditions of power sector development and offered a supportive political environment. Second, countries found alternative institutional pathways to achieving good power sector outcomes, making a case for greater pluralism. Among the top performers, some pursued the full set of market-oriented reforms, while others retained a more important role for the state. Third, reform efforts should be driven and tailored to desired policy outcomes and less preoccupied with following a predetermined process, particularly since the twenty-first-century century agenda has added decarbonization and universal access to power sector outcomes. The Washington Consensus reforms, while supportive of the twenty-first-century century agenda, will not be able to deliver on them alone and will require complementary policy measures
Author: OECD Publisher: OECD Publishing ISBN: 9264011234 Category : Languages : en Pages : 206
Book Description
This review of regulatory reform in Russia covers the overall economic context, the government’s capacity to manage regulatory reform, competition policy and enforcement, and market openness. It also examines the electricity and railroad sectors.
Author: OECD
Author: OECD
Author: Ioannis Nicolaos Kessides
Author: Russell Pittman
Author: International Monetary Fund. European Dept.
Author: Ed Bowker Staff
Author: Asian Development Bank
Author: European Conference of Ministers of Transport
Author: Vivien Foster
Author: OECD