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Author: R. Christopher Williams Publisher: ISBN: Category : Pavements, Asphalt Languages : en Pages : 142
Book Description
Reflective cracks form in pavements when hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlays are placed over jointed and/or severely cracked rigid and flexible pavements. In the first part of the research, survival analysis was conducted to identify the most appropriate rehabilitation method for composite pavements and to evaluate the influence of different factors on reflective crack development. Four rehabilitation methods, including mill and fill, overlay, heater scarification (SCR), and rubblization, were analyzed using three performance indicators: reflective cracking, international roughness index (IRI), and pavement condition index (PCI). It was found that rubblization can significantly retard reflective cracking development compared to the other three methods. No significant difference for PCI was seen among the four rehabilitation methods. Heater scarification showed the lowest survival probability for both reflective cracking and IRI, while an overlay resulted in the poorest overall pavement condition based on PCI. In addition, traffic level was found not to be a significant factor for reflective cracking development. An increase in overlay thickness can significantly delay the propagation of reflective cracking for all four treatments. Soil types in rubblization pavement sites were assessed, and no close relationship was found between rubblized pavement performance and subgrade soil condition. In the second part of the research, the study objective was to evaluate the modulus and performance of four reflective cracking treatments: full rubblization, modified rubblization, crack and seat, and rock interlayer. A total of 16 pavement sites were tested by the surface wave method (SWM), and in the first four sites both falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and SWM were conducted for a preliminary analysis. The SWM gave close concrete layer moduli compared to the FWD moduli on a conventional composite pavement. However, the SWM provided higher moduli for the rubblized concrete layer. After the preliminary analysis, another 12 pavement sites were tested by the SWM. The results showed that the crack and seat method provided the highest moduli, followed by the modified rubblization method. The full rubblization and the rock interlayer methods gave similar, but lower, moduli. Pavement performance surveys were also conducted during the field study. In general, none of the pavement sites had rutting problems. The conventional composite pavement site had the largest amount of reflective cracking. A moderate amount of reflective cracking was observed for the two pavement sites with full rubblization. Pavements with the rock interlayer and modified rubblization treatments had much less reflective cracking. It is recommended that use of the modified rubblization and rock interlayer treatments for reflective cracking mitigation are best.
Author: R. Christopher Williams Publisher: ISBN: Category : Pavements, Asphalt Languages : en Pages : 142
Book Description
Reflective cracks form in pavements when hot-mix asphalt (HMA) overlays are placed over jointed and/or severely cracked rigid and flexible pavements. In the first part of the research, survival analysis was conducted to identify the most appropriate rehabilitation method for composite pavements and to evaluate the influence of different factors on reflective crack development. Four rehabilitation methods, including mill and fill, overlay, heater scarification (SCR), and rubblization, were analyzed using three performance indicators: reflective cracking, international roughness index (IRI), and pavement condition index (PCI). It was found that rubblization can significantly retard reflective cracking development compared to the other three methods. No significant difference for PCI was seen among the four rehabilitation methods. Heater scarification showed the lowest survival probability for both reflective cracking and IRI, while an overlay resulted in the poorest overall pavement condition based on PCI. In addition, traffic level was found not to be a significant factor for reflective cracking development. An increase in overlay thickness can significantly delay the propagation of reflective cracking for all four treatments. Soil types in rubblization pavement sites were assessed, and no close relationship was found between rubblized pavement performance and subgrade soil condition. In the second part of the research, the study objective was to evaluate the modulus and performance of four reflective cracking treatments: full rubblization, modified rubblization, crack and seat, and rock interlayer. A total of 16 pavement sites were tested by the surface wave method (SWM), and in the first four sites both falling weight deflectometer (FWD) and SWM were conducted for a preliminary analysis. The SWM gave close concrete layer moduli compared to the FWD moduli on a conventional composite pavement. However, the SWM provided higher moduli for the rubblized concrete layer. After the preliminary analysis, another 12 pavement sites were tested by the SWM. The results showed that the crack and seat method provided the highest moduli, followed by the modified rubblization method. The full rubblization and the rock interlayer methods gave similar, but lower, moduli. Pavement performance surveys were also conducted during the field study. In general, none of the pavement sites had rutting problems. The conventional composite pavement site had the largest amount of reflective cracking. A moderate amount of reflective cracking was observed for the two pavement sites with full rubblization. Pavements with the rock interlayer and modified rubblization treatments had much less reflective cracking. It is recommended that use of the modified rubblization and rock interlayer treatments for reflective cracking mitigation are best.
Author: J.M. Rigo Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0203860519 Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 466
Book Description
This book forms the Proceedings of the Second International RILEM Conference held in Liege in March 1993. It follows the successful first conference held in 1989 and focusses on two main topics: the current state of the art of reflective cracking in highway and other pavements, and design recommendations for field applications. As well as more than 50 international contributions on individual projects, a series of keynote papers are included.
Author: A. Vanelstraete Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1482294990 Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 136
Book Description
Crack reflection through a road structure is one of the main causes of premature pavement deterioration. This is a widespread problem in many countries and highway maintenance authorities are having to find economic means of repairing and upgrading their pavements. This book is the eagerly awaited state-of-the-art report which considers all differe
Author: L. Francken Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 9780419222606 Category : Architecture Languages : en Pages : 582
Book Description
Proceedings of RILEM TC-PRC third conference on this subject. Papers from road authorities, engineers, researchers, contractors and manufacturers discussing the implementation and the long term behaviour of overlay systems. The following topics are covered: prevention and cracking assessment, choice and design of overlay systems, practical implementation, case histories and long term performance.
Author: Hamid Maherinia Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 119
Book Description
The key input parameters in selecting optimum mitigation techniques are: 1) overlay characterization, 2) existing pavement condition, 3) base and subgrade structural condition, 4) environmental condition and 5) traffic level. In addition, to understand the current practices how reflective cracking is managed in each state, a nationwide survey was conducted by distributing the survey questionnaire (with the emphasis on flexible pavement) to all other highway agencies. Based on the responses, the most successful method of treatment is to increase the thickness of HMA overlay. Crack arresting layer is considered to be in the second place among its users. Lack of cost analysis and low rate of successful practices raise the necessity of conducting more research on this subject. Considering Florida's special conditions (climate, materials, distress type, and geological conditions) and the RC mechanism, two RC mitigation techniques have been proposed: 1) overlay reinforcement (i.e. geosynthetic reinforcement) for the existing flexible pavements and 2) Stress Absorbing Membrane Interlayer (SAMI) for the existing rigid pavements. As the final products of this study, decision trees to select an optimum RC mitigation technique for both flexible and rigid pavements were developed. The decision trees can provide a detailed guideline to pavement engineer how to consider the affecting parameters in the selection of RC mitigation technique.
Author: Elie Y. Hajj Publisher: ISBN: Category : Pavements, Asphalt concrete Languages : en Pages : 27
Book Description
This report summarizes all the findings and recommendations from the Phase I and Phase II of the Nevada Department of Transportation (NDOT) study initiated in 2006 to mitigate reflective cracking in hot mix asphalt (HMA) overlays. Based on the analysis of the various findings it was recommended to further evaluate the stress relief course (SRC) as a reflective cracking mitigation technique under Nevada's conditions. It should be noted that the SRC used by NDOT was not specifically designed or checked for its reflective cracking resistance and only consisted of a 1-inch of the typical Type II (1" max size) dense graded HMA mix placed between the existing HMA and the overlay. This NDOT study revealed promising performance for the SRC when specifically designed to resist reflective cracking. Additionally, for a good overall performance, the SRC needs to be coupled with an overlay mix with a good resistance to reflective cracking. Current state highway agencies' specifications for SRCs were reviewed and are summarized in this report. The review revealed specifications for SRCs in six different states. Four of those states: Arizona, California, Florida, and Massachusetts, specify an asphalt-rubber stress absorbing membrane interlayer (SAMI) which consists of an application of asphalt rubber binder followed by an application of aggregate. Texas DOT specifies a Crack Attenuating Mixture (CAM) which consists of an HMA mix designed according to the Superpave design procedure to a target air void of 2% at 50 gyrations along with criteria for the Hamburg Wheel and the Texas Transportation Institute (TTI) Overlay tests. The Utah DOT specifies a reflective cracking relief bituminous mixture which meets the general requirements specified for an HMA mixture except the mix is designed to a target air void of 0.5-2.5% at 50 design gyrations along with criteria for voids in mineral aggregate (VMA), Hveem stability, and flexural beam fatigue testing at optimum binder content.
Author: Imad L. Al-Qadi Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 0203882199 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 932
Book Description
Internationally, much attention is given to causes, prevention, and rehabilitation of cracking in concrete, flexible, and composite pavements. The Sixth RILEMInternational Conference on Cracking in Pavements (Chicago, June 16-18, 2008) provided a forum for discussion of recent developments and research results.This book is a collection of papers fr
Author: Robert A. Eaton Publisher: ISBN: Category : Pavements Languages : en Pages : 28
Book Description
A survey of all 50 United States was conducted in September of 1990 to determine the state of the art of crack sealing procedures on flexible asphalt concrete pavements. The results were tabulated and a summary report prepared. A meeting was held at the U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory to discuss the draft report; the comments and suggestions received were incorporated into this report. At the meeting the group identified the need for a trade organization to develop uniform specifications and terminology and to promote proper equipment, methodology, materials, training and education in the pavement crack sealing industry.
Author: Harikrishnan Nair Publisher: ISBN: Category : Pavements Languages : en Pages : 37
Book Description
Propagation of cracks from existing pavements into a new asphalt concrete overlay (reflective cracking) is a major problem for both rigid and flexible pavements. Reflective cracking in pavements compromises ride quality and reduces the service life of the pavement. Reflective cracking of the asphalt layer over jointed concrete pavement is a perennial problem in Virginia and elsewhere. State transportation agencies continue to try various available treatment methods to delay or prevent reflective cracking with corrective or restorative maintenance. Some of those treatments include using paving fabric as an interlayer. Virginia has anecdotal experience with paving fabric interlayers, but little well-documented history with which to assess performance. The objective of this study was to establish a performance baseline for fabric interlayers in conjunction with asphalt concrete overlays on existing flexible, rigid, and composite pavements by documenting the installation and initial field performance of several projects in Virginia. Two types of interlayer fabric were used. One of the interlayers needed an asphalt leveling course for placement based on the manufacturer's specifications. As expected, all of the sections with interlayers are performing well. However, most of the sections were placed in 2017 and 2018, and hence the performance data are preliminary. These sections need to be monitored continuously to track pavement distress and performance over time. The cost of using interlayers in pavement ranged from 6 .0 dollars to 8 .0 dollars per square yard, depending on the type of fabric and installation method. Long-term performance data are needed to assess the benefit-cost effectiveness of using paving fabric interlayers in pavements.
Author: R. Christopher Williams
Author: R. Christopher Williams
Author: J.M. Rigo
Author: A. Vanelstraete
Author: L. Francken
Author: Hamid Maherinia
Author: Elie Y. Hajj
Author: A. O. Abd El Halim
Author: Imad L. Al-Qadi
Author: Robert A. Eaton
Author: Harikrishnan Nair