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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Pavements, Concrete Languages : en Pages : 72
Book Description
This project was designed to explore the feasibility of lowering the cementitious materials content (CMC) used in Wisconsin concrete pavement construction. The cementitious materials studied included portland cement, fly ash, and ground granulated blast furnace slag. For the first phase, mixtures were prepared using the current WisDOT aggregate grading specification. For the second phase, mixtures were prepared using an optimized (e.g. Shilstone) gradation. A variety of tests for fresh and hardened concrete were conducted to determine the viability of low CMC mixtures for use in concrete pavement.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Pavements, Concrete Languages : en Pages : 72
Book Description
This project was designed to explore the feasibility of lowering the cementitious materials content (CMC) used in Wisconsin concrete pavement construction. The cementitious materials studied included portland cement, fly ash, and ground granulated blast furnace slag. For the first phase, mixtures were prepared using the current WisDOT aggregate grading specification. For the second phase, mixtures were prepared using an optimized (e.g. Shilstone) gradation. A variety of tests for fresh and hardened concrete were conducted to determine the viability of low CMC mixtures for use in concrete pavement.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Pavements, Concrete Languages : en Pages : 2
Book Description
Concrete mixtures contain crushed rock or gravel, and sand, bound together by Portland cement in combination with supplemental cementitious materials (SCMs), which harden through a chemical reaction with water. Portland cement is the most costly component of concrete mixtures, and its production creates significant amounts of green house gases. To reduce costs and environmental impacts, current WisDOT practice allows a for replacement of a portion of Portland cement supplemental cementitious materials (SCMs) such as coal fly ash or slag cement, both industrial by-products of coal and iron production, respectively. WisDOT has set a maximum limit on Portland cement replacement through use of SCMs to ensure its performance on concrete pavements. Therefore, the only opportunity to reduce the usage of Portland cement is to lower the required cementitious materials content for WisDOT approved mix designs. The potential benefits in terms of economic costs and environmental impacts are significant, however decreasing the cementitious materials content of a mixture too drastically can reduce pavement strength and durability. It can also reduce workability, or the ease with which a mixture can be compacted and placed during construction.
Author: Ken W. Day Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1136464883 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 352
Book Description
The nature of concrete is rapidly changing, and with it, there are rising concerns. Thoroughly revised and updated, this fourth edition of Concrete Mix Design, Quality Control and Specification addresses current industry practices that provide inadequate durability and fail to eliminate problems with underperforming new concrete and defective testi
Author: Peter Taylor Publisher: ISBN: Category : Concrete Languages : en Pages : 163
Book Description
This document reports the activities and observations of a research team that performed on-site and laboratory testing of concrete mixtures with reduced cementitious materials content placed in two cells at the MnROAD facility in Albertville, Minnesota. The overall objectives of this research project included investigating the early age characteristics of concrete paving mixes containing reduced cementitious contents as well as their long-term performance. It was observed that while workability was marginal in the mixture proportioned with 470 lb/yd3, all other properties of the test sections were similar to those of the control section.
Author: Waleed Faleh Almutairi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Concrete Languages : en Pages : 114
Book Description
Portland cement is an essential ingredient in concrete. The use of cement is to enhance the strength as well as other hardened properties of concrete mixtures. Determining the accurate amount of cement is important because the required strength may not be achieved if not enough cement is used. By contrast, when using too much cement, concrete cracking may occur that leads to reducing durability. Researchers at the University of Arkansas (UA) have shown that many bridge decks achieve their 28 day design strength of 4000 psi by 7 days of age. Bridge decks having high strength may experience cracking, which affects the durability. The Arkansas State Highway and Transportation Department (AHTD) classifies two types of concrete mixtures that can be used in bridges. The first is Class S concrete, and the second is Class S(AE). Class S is used for the structural components and does not contain air entrainment while Class S (AE) is mainly used for bridge decks and contains air entrainment. AHTD requires the same minimum cementitious material content for both classes of concrete. The purpose of this research is to determine if the cementitious material content of Class S mixtures can be reduced while still meeting AHTD specifications. The research program examined cementitious material content, Class C fly ash content, and water to cementitious material ratio (w/cm) . For all mixtures, selected fresh and hardened concrete properties were measured to ensure that they complied with AHTD requirements.
Author: B. Mather Publisher: ISBN: Category : Cement Languages : en Pages : 38
Book Description
Sixteen replacement materials, including representatives of six classes--blast-furnace slag, natural cement, fly ash, volcanic glass, calcined opaline shale, and uncalcined diatomite--were investigated together with five portland cements: two type I cements, of low- and high-alkali content, a type II, a type III, and a type IV. A total of 123 concrete mixtures containing crushed limestone aggregates up to 3/4 in. in size, 6 ± 1/2 per cent air, and having a slump of approximately 21/2 in. were proportioned. About half the mixtures had a water-cement ratio of 0.5 by weight, to represent structural concrete, the remainder, 0.8, to represent mass concrete. The 16 materials were used as partial replacements of the portland cement in various percentages by solid volume from 8 to 70. The performance of the replacement materials in concrete was rated against selected values for certain properties regarded as critical for the two classes of concrete studied. Structural concrete (0.5 water-cement ratio) was regarded as adequate if its bleeding did not exceed 5 per cent, its permeability, Kc, did not exceed 25, its resistance to laboratory freezing-and-thawing (DFE) was at least 60, its shrinkage did not exceed 0.070 per cent at 180 days, and its compressive strength at 28 and 90 days was at least 3000 and 4000 psi, respectively. Mass concrete (0.8 water-cement ratio) was rated against the following factors: bleeding not exceeding 7 per cent, permeability Kc, not exceeding 10, compressive strength at 3 and 90 days at least 500 and 2000 psi, respectively; in addition, credit was given for the degree to which the heat of hydration was reduced by the use of the replacement materials. Structural concrete (0.5 water-cement ratio) made with type II portland cement and having as high a rating as that containing no replacement material was obtained when part of the portland cement was replaced by the following materials in the indicated amounts: 50 per cent slags I and II or natural cement I; 35 per cent natural cements I and II; 30 per cent fly ash I; 25 per cent pumicite I; 20 per cent natural cement I, or calcined shale I; or 8, 12, or 16 per cent uncalcined diatomite. Mass concrete (0.8 water-cement ratio) made with type II portland cement and having a rating as high or higher than that containing no replacement material was obtained when part of the portland cement was replaced by the following materials in the indicated amounts: 50 per cent natural cement I; 40 per cent calcined shale I; 35 per cent natural cement I, pumicite II, or tuff; 30 per cent slag I, calcined shales I and II, or calcined diatomite; 25 per cent pumicite I; 20 per cent natural I, or calcined shale I; and 8, 12, or 16 per cent uncalcined diatomite.
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Author: Irene K. Battaglia
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Author: Ken W. Day
Author: Peter Taylor
Author: John Douglas McIntosh
Author: Waleed Faleh Almutairi
Author: B. Mather