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Author: Bryant M.. Wong Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 21
Book Description
There is growing interest in whether invasive species may be controlled by targeting key life stages or by tailoring different management strategies to the specific characteristics of particular life stages. In this study, I test whether fire targeted at seed or seedling stages of sericea can increase mortality and potentially limit the spread of this invader. Two field experiments were performed manipulating the timing of fire and a laboratory experiment was conducted that quantified germination rates. The field experiments revealed that seedling survivorship varied with timing of burns and plant age, but these variables only accounted for a small amount of the variability in survivorship (R2 = 0.09, P = 0.032), suggesting that sericea seedlings quickly reach a size from which they can resprout. At the seed stage, fire greatly enhanced cumulative germination in the field burns. In contrast, the lab experiment showed that fire inflicted extremely high mortality on sericea seeds, suggesting that, in the field, seeds gain protection from fire as they mix with soil and that fire may increase germination due to enhanced resource availability. Taken together, my results illustrate that, although targeting vulnerable life stages is a sound strategy for invasive species control, careful preliminary studies may be needed to unravel complex interactions between biotic and abiotic variables before effective solutions can be devised.
Author: Bryant M.. Wong Publisher: ISBN: Category : Electronic dissertations Languages : en Pages : 21
Book Description
There is growing interest in whether invasive species may be controlled by targeting key life stages or by tailoring different management strategies to the specific characteristics of particular life stages. In this study, I test whether fire targeted at seed or seedling stages of sericea can increase mortality and potentially limit the spread of this invader. Two field experiments were performed manipulating the timing of fire and a laboratory experiment was conducted that quantified germination rates. The field experiments revealed that seedling survivorship varied with timing of burns and plant age, but these variables only accounted for a small amount of the variability in survivorship (R2 = 0.09, P = 0.032), suggesting that sericea seedlings quickly reach a size from which they can resprout. At the seed stage, fire greatly enhanced cumulative germination in the field burns. In contrast, the lab experiment showed that fire inflicted extremely high mortality on sericea seeds, suggesting that, in the field, seeds gain protection from fire as they mix with soil and that fire may increase germination due to enhanced resource availability. Taken together, my results illustrate that, although targeting vulnerable life stages is a sound strategy for invasive species control, careful preliminary studies may be needed to unravel complex interactions between biotic and abiotic variables before effective solutions can be devised.
Author: Daniel Simberloff Publisher: Univ of California Press ISBN: 0520264215 Category : Nature Languages : en Pages : 792
Book Description
"Addresses all aspects of this subject at a global level--including invasions by animals, plants, fungi, and bacteria--in succinct, alphabetically arranged articles. Featuring many cross-references, suggestions for further reading, illustrations, an appendix of the world's worst 100 invasive species, a glossary, and more..." -- From the publisher.
Author: Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9251389276 Category : Languages : en Pages : 196
Author: Peter G. Smith Publisher: ISBN: 0198732864 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 479
Book Description
This is an open access title available under the terms of a CC BY-NC 4.0 International licence. It is free to read at Oxford Scholarship Online and offered as a free PDF download from OUP and selected open access locations. Before new interventions are released into disease control programmes, it is essential that they are carefully evaluated in field trials'. These may be complex and expensive undertakings, requiring the follow-up of hundreds, or thousands, of individuals, often for long periods. Descriptions of the detailed procedures and methods used in the trials that have been conducted have rarely been published. A consequence of this, individuals planning such trials have few guidelines available and little access to knowledge accumulated previously, other than their own. In this manual, practical issues in trial design and conduct are discussed fully and in sufficient detail, that Field Trials of Health Interventions may be used as a toolbox' by field investigators. It has been compiled by an international group of over 30 authors with direct experience in the design, conduct, and analysis of field trials in low and middle income countries and is based on their accumulated knowledge and experience. Available as an open access book via Oxford Medicine Online, this new edition is a comprehensive revision, incorporating the new developments that have taken place in recent years with respect to trials, including seven new chapters on subjects ranging from trial governance, and preliminary studies to pilot testing.
Author: Samuel M. Scheiner Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0198030223 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 432
Book Description
Ecological research and the way that ecologists use statistics continues to change rapidly. This second edition of the best-selling Design and Analysis of Ecological Experiments leads these trends with an update of this now-standard reference book, with a discussion of the latest developments in experimental ecology and statistical practice. The goal of this volume is to encourage the correct use of some of the more well known statistical techniques and to make some of the less well known but potentially very useful techniques available. Chapters from the first edition have been substantially revised and new chapters have been added. Readers are introduced to statistical techniques that may be unfamiliar to many ecologists, including power analysis, logistic regression, randomization tests and empirical Bayesian analysis. In addition, a strong foundation is laid in more established statistical techniques in ecology including exploratory data analysis, spatial statistics, path analysis and meta-analysis. Each technique is presented in the context of resolving an ecological issue. Anyone from graduate students to established research ecologists will find a great deal of new practical and useful information in this current edition.
Author: Therese M. Poland Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030453677 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 455
Book Description
This open access book describes the serious threat of invasive species to native ecosystems. Invasive species have caused and will continue to cause enormous ecological and economic damage with ever increasing world trade. This multi-disciplinary book, written by over 100 national experts, presents the latest research on a wide range of natural science and social science fields that explore the ecology, impacts, and practical tools for management of invasive species. It covers species of all taxonomic groups from insects and pathogens, to plants, vertebrates, and aquatic organisms that impact a diversity of habitats in forests, rangelands and grasslands of the United States. It is well-illustrated, provides summaries of the most important invasive species and issues impacting all regions of the country, and includes a comprehensive primary reference list for each topic. This scientific synthesis provides the cultural, economic, scientific and social context for addressing environmental challenges posed by invasive species and will be a valuable resource for scholars, policy makers, natural resource managers and practitioners.
Author: Matthew J. Germino Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319249304 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 475
Book Description
Invasions by exotic grasses, particularly annuals, rank among the most extensive and intensive ways that humans are contributing to the transformation of the earth’s surface. The problem is particularly notable with a suite of exotic grasses in the Bromus genus in the arid and semiarid regions that dominate the western United States, which extend from the dry basins near the Sierra and Cascade Ranges across the Intermountain Region and Rockies to about 105° longitude. This genus includes approximately 150 species that have a wide range of invasive and non-invasive tendencies in their home ranges and in North America. Bromus species that became invasive upon introduction to North America in the late 1800’s, such as Bromus tectorum and B. rubens, have since became the dominant cover on millions of hectares. Here, millenia of ecosystem development led to landscapes that would otherwise be dominated by perennial shrubs, herbs, and biotic soil crusts that were able to persist in spite of variable and scarce precipitation. This native ecosystem resilience is increasingly coveted by land owners and managers as more hectares lose their resistance to Bromus grasses and similar exotics and as climate, land use, and disturbance-regime changes are also superimposed. Managers are increasingly challenged to glean basic services from these ecosystems as they become invaded. Exotic annual grasses reduce wildlife and livestock carrying capacity and increase the frequency and extent of wildfi res and associated soil erosion. This book uses a unique ecoregional and multidisciplinary approach to evaluate the invasiveness, impacts, and management of the large Bromus genus. Students, researchers, and practitioners interested in Bromus specifically and invasive exotics in general will benefit from the depth of knowledge summarized in the book.
Author: Suzanne H. Reuben Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1437934218 Category : Health & Fitness Languages : en Pages : 240
Book Description
Though overall cancer incidence and mortality have continued to decline in recent years, cancer continues to devastate the lives of far too many Americans. In 2009 alone, 1.5 million American men, women, and children were diagnosed with cancer, and 562,000 died from the disease. There is a growing body of evidence linking environmental exposures to cancer. The Pres. Cancer Panel dedicated its 2008¿2009 activities to examining the impact of environmental factors on cancer risk. The Panel considered industrial, occupational, and agricultural exposures as well as exposures related to medical practice, military activities, modern lifestyles, and natural sources. This report presents the Panel¿s recommend. to mitigate or eliminate these barriers. Illus.
Author: Bryant M.. Wong
Author: Bryant M.. Wong
Author: Daniel Simberloff
Author: 
Author: Peter G. Smith
Author: Samuel M. Scheiner
Author: Chandra Ramakrishnan
Author: Therese M. Poland
Author: Matthew J. Germino
Author: Suzanne H. Reuben
Author: