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Author: Brian McDonagh Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889451968 Category : Electronic book Languages : en Pages : 103
Book Description
Skeletal muscle represents the largest organ of the human body and comprises about 40% of total body mass in humans. Even in people who ‘age well’, there is a noticeable loss of muscle strength and function that accelerates dramatically after the age of 60, a major factor in the reduction in life quality for the aging population. One of the most effective interventions to maintain muscle mass and function is through exercise. Skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen (ROS/RNS) species in response to muscle contractions. The concentration and species of ROS/RNS generated can depend on the age and fitness of the individual, muscle fibre type and the intensity of the muscle contractions. ROS/RNS generate unique signaling cascades that are not only essential in skeletal muscle contraction and adaptation but also play a role in a wide array of cell processes including cell proliferation, protein synthesis/degradation, immune response and antioxidant defense. ROS/RNS generated by contractions are involved in a co-ordinated local response that is tightly controlled at all levels from generation to detoxification. This collection of original articles and reviews highlights investigations that measure different aspects of the redox response of skeletal muscle to aging and exercise.
Author: Brian McDonagh Publisher: Frontiers Media SA ISBN: 2889451968 Category : Electronic book Languages : en Pages : 103
Book Description
Skeletal muscle represents the largest organ of the human body and comprises about 40% of total body mass in humans. Even in people who ‘age well’, there is a noticeable loss of muscle strength and function that accelerates dramatically after the age of 60, a major factor in the reduction in life quality for the aging population. One of the most effective interventions to maintain muscle mass and function is through exercise. Skeletal muscle generates reactive oxygen and reactive nitrogen (ROS/RNS) species in response to muscle contractions. The concentration and species of ROS/RNS generated can depend on the age and fitness of the individual, muscle fibre type and the intensity of the muscle contractions. ROS/RNS generate unique signaling cascades that are not only essential in skeletal muscle contraction and adaptation but also play a role in a wide array of cell processes including cell proliferation, protein synthesis/degradation, immune response and antioxidant defense. ROS/RNS generated by contractions are involved in a co-ordinated local response that is tightly controlled at all levels from generation to detoxification. This collection of original articles and reviews highlights investigations that measure different aspects of the redox response of skeletal muscle to aging and exercise.
Author: Helaine M. Alessio Publisher: World Scientific ISBN: 1860946194 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 185
Book Description
Examines oxidative stress in a variety of models, at rest and after exercise. This book presents key concepts of oxidative stress, exercise and aging; explains oxidative stress in different types of exercises; and includes knowledge of the underlying mechanisms influencing health and disease processes associated with oxidative stress.
Author: Reznick Publisher: Birkhäuser ISBN: 3034889585 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 344
Book Description
Skeletal muscle consumes significant amounts of oxygen, and its oxygen flux increases significantly under conditions of exercise and muscle contraction. This makes the muscle vulnerable to oxidative stress since concomitantly with the increase of oxygen flow there is an increase of free oxygen radicals which are a byproduct of muscle respiration. A number of studies in the last decade have documented the involvement of free oxygen radicals in exercising muscles. The consequences of muscle oxidative stress have resulted mainly in increased muscle protein oxidation, elevation of lipid peroxidation, and depletion of muscle antioxidants. The mechanisms of this oxidative stress are under extensive investigation in laboratories around the world and are topics of the chapters in this volume. This book is intended for professionals who are interested in muscle function, physiology, pathophysiology and well-being, such as therapists, trainers and medical professionals as well as for researchers in the field of muscle physiology.
Author: Manfred Lamprecht Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1466567570 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
The use of antioxidants in sports is controversial due to existing evidence that they both support and hinder athletic performance. Antioxidants in Sport Nutrition covers antioxidant use in the athlete ́s basic nutrition and discusses the controversies surrounding the usefulness of antioxidant supplementation. The book also stresses how antioxidants may affect immunity, health, and exercise performance. The book contains scientifically based chapters explaining the basic mechanisms of exercise-induced oxidative damage. Also covered are methodological approaches to assess the effectiveness of antioxidant treatment. Biomarkers are discussed as a method to estimate the bioefficacy of dietary/supplemental antioxidants in sports. This book is useful for sport nutrition scientists, physicians, exercise physiologists, product developers, sport practitioners, coaches, top athletes, and recreational athletes. In it, they will find objective information and practical guidance.
Author: James N. Cobley Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1000557324 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 242
Book Description
Oxidative Eustress in Exercise Physiology unravels key physiological responses and adaptations to different redox-regulated exercise paradigms at the cell, tissue, and whole-body level in model systems and humans in health and disease. While the mechanistic details are still unclear, key intracellular redox indices seem to be dysregulated with age. Consequently, beneficial molecular responses to acute endurance exercise decline in older individuals. Recent research suggests that manipulating mitochondrial redox homeostasis by supplementing with the mitochondria-targeted coenzyme Q10 for six weeks markedly improves physical function in older adults; i.e. it may be possible to maximise the benefits of exercise by manipulating the redox environment. The research described in this book suggests that significant translational potential exists with respect to cardiovascular disease, neurodegeneration and cancer. An international team of researchers documents the importance of redox biology in health and disease, especially when exercise is a clinically useful tool for the treatment of many diseases and conditions. Features Defines essential redox biology reactions and concepts in exercise physiology Assesses key redox parameters in an in vivo human exercise context Identifies the challenges, opportunities and boundaries of current knowledge Includes a critique of the underlying mechanisms Summarises examples of translationally important research relating to disease states Related Titles Draper, N. & H. Marshall. Exercise Physiology for Health and Sports Performance (ISBN 978-0-2737-7872-1) Wackerhage, H., ed. Molecular Exercise Physiology: An Introduction (ISBN 978-0-4156-0788-9)
Author: Ufuk Çakatay Publisher: Springer Nature ISBN: 3030849651 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 447
Book Description
This book aims to present the age-related alterations in redox signaling networks and their diagnostic biomarkers in aging cells using multidisciplinary approach. Establishing sensitive and specific biomarkers of dynamic redox homeostasis is crucially important in the development of effective antiaging and senolytic interventions. Recent years have seen tremendous advances in the understanding of redox signaling events which highlight the process of aging and age-related pathologies. A major challenge in biological aging research is developing reliable biomarkers to determine the consequences of disrupted redox signaling networks long before the clinical diagnosis of age-related diseases is made. Therefore, we have chosen to concentrate on aging-induced aberrant redox signaling networks, their biomarkers, and pathological consequences in this book. Although oxidation is a natural metabolic process, the imbalance in the level of oxidants and antioxidants causes oxidative stress and eventually leads to inflammatory conditions, diabetes, neurodegenerative diseases, and cancer. Novel redox-sensitive biomarkers for the evaluation of aging-induced proteinopathies such as amyloid ß and tau proteins in Alzheimer's disease, α-synuclein in Parkinson's disease, and islet amyloid polypeptides in type 2 diabetes mellitus recently drew the attention of researchers. Inside this textbook, readers will find comprehensive perspectives on the association between redox homeostasis and the aging process both at the molecular and clinical levels. Due to the inherent relationship between impaired metabolic activities and oxidative stress, the temporal interaction between intermediary metabolism and disturbed redox status can lead to greater susceptibility to aging-induced diseases and disorders, such as cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, and diabetes. This knowledge could be a key to continued research toward improving medication regimens such as in cancer and cardiovascular therapies, and procedural outcomes for patients. This book brings together current research evidence and knowledge on redox signaling and biomarkers in aging in chapters written by leading global experts in this rapidly evolving field. We hope that this textbook is of interest to a wide group of researchers, advanced students, scientifically curious non-specialist readers and clinicians alike.
Author: Barry Halliwell Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0198717474 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 961
Book Description
Free Radicals in Biology and Medicine has become a classic text in the field of free radical and antioxidant research. Now in its fifth edition, the book has been comprehensively rewritten and updated whilst maintaining the clarity of its predecessors. Two new chapters discuss 'in vivo' and 'dietary' antioxidants, the first emphasising the role of peroxiredoxins and integrated defence mechanisms which allow useful roles for ROS, and the second containing new information on the role of fruits, vegetables, and vitamins in health and disease. This new edition also contains expanded coverage of the mechanisms of oxidative damage to lipids, DNA, and proteins (and the repair of such damage), and the roles played by reactive species in signal transduction, cell survival, death, human reproduction, defence mechanisms of animals and plants against pathogens, and other important biological events. The methodologies available to measure reactive species and oxidative damage (and their potential pitfalls) have been fully updated, as have the topics of phagocyte ROS production, NADPH oxidase enzymes, and toxicology. There is a detailed and critical evaluation of the role of free radicals and other reactive species in human diseases, especially cancer, cardiovascular, chronic inflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. New aspects of ageing are discussed in the context of the free radical theory of ageing. This book is recommended as a comprehensive introduction to the field for students, educators, clinicians, and researchers. It will also be an invaluable companion to all those interested in the role of free radicals in the life and biomedical sciences.
Author: Michael J. Joyner Publisher: Perspectives Cshl ISBN: 9781621821656 Category : Medical Languages : en Pages : 408
Book Description
Exercise training provokes widespread transformations in the human body, requiring coordinated changes in muscle composition, blood flow, neuronal and hormonal signaling, and metabolism. These changes enhance physical performance, improve mental health, and delay the onset of aging and disease. Understanding the molecular basis of these changes is therefore important for optimizing athletic ability and for developing drugs that elicit therapeutic effects. Written and edited by experts in the field, this collection from Cold Spring Harbor Perspectives in Medicine examines the biological basis of exercise from the molecular to the systemic levels. Contributors discuss how transcriptional regulation, cytokine and hormonal signaling, glucose metabolism, epigenetic modifications, microRNA profiles, and mitochondrial and ribosomal functions are altered in response to exercise training, leading to improved skeletal muscle, hippocampal, and cardiovascular function. Cross talk among the pathways underlying tissue-specific and systemic responses to exercise is also considered. The authors also discuss how the understanding of such molecular mechanisms may lead to the development of drugs that mitigate aging and disease. This volume will therefore serve as a vital reference for all involved in the fields of sports science and medicine, as well as anyone seeking to understand the molecular mechanisms by which exercise promotes whole-body health.
Author: Brian McDonagh
Author: Brian McDonagh
Author: Helaine M. Alessio
Author: Reznick
Author: Manfred Lamprecht
Author: James N. Cobley
Author: Ufuk Çakatay
Author: Mattia Scalabrin
Author: Barry Halliwell
Author: Jaime M. Ross
Author: Michael J. Joyner