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Author: Steven A. Benner Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642735940 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 180
Book Description
The organic chemist is rarely satisfied by a simple "explanation" of the reactivity of organic molecules. Rather, the chemist wants to go one step further, to "control" the behavior of molecules by altering their structure in a controlled way. This is, in fact, a rather stringent definition of "understanding," as it requires the "prediction" of behavior from structure (or structure from behavior). But it also places technical demands on the chemist. He must be able to synthesize the molecules he studies, characterize them at the atomic level of structural resolution, and then measure their behaviors to the precision that his explanation demands. Biological chemistry presents special problems in this regard. Although the tools for synthesis, purification, and structural characterization are now available for manipulating rather large biological macromolecules (proteins and nucleic acids in particular), the theory supporting these manipulations is inadequate. We certainly do not know enough to control generally the behavior of biological macromolecules; still worse, it is not clear that we know enough to design synthetic molecules to expand our understanding about how reactivity in such biological macromolecules might be controlled. Starting from scratch, there are simply too many oligopeptides to make; starting from native proteins, there are simply too many structural mutations that might be introduced.
Author: Steven A. Benner Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642735940 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 180
Book Description
The organic chemist is rarely satisfied by a simple "explanation" of the reactivity of organic molecules. Rather, the chemist wants to go one step further, to "control" the behavior of molecules by altering their structure in a controlled way. This is, in fact, a rather stringent definition of "understanding," as it requires the "prediction" of behavior from structure (or structure from behavior). But it also places technical demands on the chemist. He must be able to synthesize the molecules he studies, characterize them at the atomic level of structural resolution, and then measure their behaviors to the precision that his explanation demands. Biological chemistry presents special problems in this regard. Although the tools for synthesis, purification, and structural characterization are now available for manipulating rather large biological macromolecules (proteins and nucleic acids in particular), the theory supporting these manipulations is inadequate. We certainly do not know enough to control generally the behavior of biological macromolecules; still worse, it is not clear that we know enough to design synthetic molecules to expand our understanding about how reactivity in such biological macromolecules might be controlled. Starting from scratch, there are simply too many oligopeptides to make; starting from native proteins, there are simply too many structural mutations that might be introduced.
Author: Franklin M. Harold Publisher: ISBN: 0195163389 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 320
Book Description
Schrodinger's riddle -- The quality of life -- Cells in nature and in theory -- Molecular logic -- A (almost) comprehensible cell -- It takes a cell to make a cell -- Morphogenesis: where form and function meet -- The advance of the microbes -- By descent with modification -- So what is life? -- Searching for the beginning.
Author: George M Church Publisher: Basic Books ISBN: 0465038654 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 305
Book Description
A Harvard biologist and master inventor explores how new biotechnologies will enable us to bring species back from the dead, unlock vast supplies of renewable energy, and extend human life. In Regenesis, George Church and science writer Ed Regis explore the possibilities of the emerging field of synthetic biology. Synthetic biology, in which living organisms are selectively altered by modifying substantial portions of their genomes, allows for the creation of entirely new species of organisms. These technologies-far from the out-of-control nightmare depicted in science fiction-have the power to improve human and animal health, increase our intelligence, enhance our memory, and even extend our life span. A breathtaking look at the potential of this world-changing technology, Regenesis is nothing less than a guide to the future of life.
Author: Mathias Grote Publisher: University of Chicago Press ISBN: 022662515X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 307
Book Description
Today's science tells us that our bodies are filled with molecular machinery that orchestrates all sorts of life processes. When we think, microscopic "channels" open and close in our brain cell membranes; when we run, tiny "motors" spin in our muscle cell membranes; and when we see, light operates "molecular switches" in our eyes and nerves. A molecular-mechanical vision of life has become commonplace in both the halls of philosophy and the offices of drug companies, where researchers are developing “proton pump inhibitors” or medicines similar to Prozac. Membranes to Molecular Machines explores just how late twentieth-century science came to think of our cells and bodies this way. This story is told through the lens of membrane research, an unwritten history at the crossroads of molecular biology, biochemistry, physiology, and the neurosciences, that directly feeds into today's synthetic biology as well as nano- and biotechnology. Mathias Grote shows how these sciences not only have made us think differently about life, they have, by reworking what membranes and proteins represent in laboratories, allowed us to manipulate life as "active matter" in new ways. Covering the science of biological membranes in the United States and Europe from the mid-1960s to the 1990s, this book connects that history to contemporary work with optogenetics, a method for stimulating individual neurons using light, and will enlighten and provoke anyone interested in the intersection of chemical research and the life sciences—from practitioner to historian to philosopher. The research described in the book and its central actor, Dieter Oesterhelt, were honored with the 2021 Albert Lasker Basic Medical Research Award for his contribution to the development of optogenetics.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309172748 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 171
Book Description
How small can a free-living organism be? On the surface, this question is straightforward-in principle, the smallest cells can be identified and measured. But understanding what factors determine this lower limit, and addressing the host of other questions that follow on from this knowledge, require a fundamental understanding of the chemistry and ecology of cellular life. The recent report of evidence for life in a martian meteorite and the prospect of searching for biological signatures in intelligently chosen samples from Mars and elsewhere bring a new immediacy to such questions. How do we recognize the morphological or chemical remnants of life in rocks deposited 4 billion years ago on another planet? Are the empirical limits on cell size identified by observation on Earth applicable to life wherever it may occur, or is minimum size a function of the particular chemistry of an individual planetary surface? These questions formed the focus of a workshop on the size limits of very small organisms, organized by the Steering .Group for the Workshop on Size Limits of Very Small Microorganisms and held on October 22 and 23, 1998. Eighteen invited panelists, representing fields ranging from cell biology and molecular genetics to paleontology and mineralogy, joined with an almost equal number of other participants in a wide-ranging exploration of minimum cell size and the challenge of interpreting micro- and nano-scale features of sedimentary rocks found on Earth or elsewhere in the solar system. This document contains the proceedings of that workshop. It includes position papers presented by the individual panelists, arranged by panel, along with a summary, for each of the four sessions, of extensive roundtable discussions that involved the panelists as well as other workshop participants.
Author: Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642781101 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 266
Book Description
1. K. Kano: Selectivities of Applied Chemistry 2. A. Pl}ckthun: Antibody Engineering to Study Protein-Ligand Interactions and Catalysis: The Phosphorylcholine Binding Antibodies 3. M.W. Hosseini: Supramolecular Catalysis of Phosphoryl Transfer Processes 4. G. von Kiedrowski: Minimal Replicator Theory II: Parabolic versus ExponentialGrowth 5. A. Bacher, W. Eisenreich, K. Kis, R. Ladenstein, G. Richter, J. Scheuring, S. Weinkauf: Biosynthesis of Flavins 6. C.L. Hannon, E.V.Anslyn: The Guanidinium Group: Its Biological Role and Synthetic Analogs.
Author: Dr. Mae-Wan Ho Publisher: Institute of Science in Soc ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 52
Book Description
In this issue: From the Editors - GM Cancer Warning Can no Longer Be Ignored Freeing the World from GMOsExcess Cancers & Deaths from GM Feed: Stats Stand UpStudy Confirms GM Crops Increased Pesticide Use Synthetic Biology Good & BadSynthetic Biology Should We Be Afraid?Aptamers for Biosensing, Diagnosis, Drug Delivery and TherapyMass Genome Engineering Contaminated VaccinesDNA Contamination in HPV Vaccines Letters to the Editor Institute of Science in Society Special ReportWhy Glyphosate Should Be Banned News in Brief Technology WatchNanoparticles Bioaccumulate & Harm Soybean CropsPhotosynthetic Bacterium Converts CO2 into Petrochemical & O2 Save Our WaterWorld Water Supply in JeopardyPharmaceutical Cocktails Anyone? No NuclearFukushima Mutant Butterflies Confirm Harm from Low-Dose Radiation
Author: Urs P. Schlunegger Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642745822 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 258
Book Description
Over the past few years there has been a remarkable and rapid development of modern analytical methods, and the fields of nuclear magnetic resonance and mass spectrometry have been no exception. In addition to being able to do "more and faster", new innovative techniques have also arisen to contribute to a growing understanding of the relationship between chemical structure and biological activity. In order to explore a few of the more interesting points of those developments and applications, a seminar "From Biological Activity to Structure" was organized from September 5-7, 1988, at Interlaken. The four invited speakers, Richard M. Caprioli, Howard R. Morris, Wolfgang Steglich and Dudley H. Williams were kind enough to attend and discuss many facets of their research, especially methodological and technical developments and their applications to specific problems. Participants were introduced to continuous flow FAB (fast atom bombardment) and its use, for example, in the real time monitoring of biochemical reactions in vitro and in vivo; the structural elucidation of secondary metabolites from fungi; the analysis of molecule-receptor interactions; the determination of posttranslational modifications of peptides; and the location of S-S bridges in determining the tertiary structure of proteins.
Author: Steven A. Benner
Author: Steven A. Benner
Author: 
Author: Franklin M. Harold
Author: George M Church
Author: Mathias Grote
Author: National Research Council
Author: 
Author: Kim Sneppen
Author: Dr. Mae-Wan Ho
Author: Urs P. Schlunegger