Reconstruction of Environment in Early Bronze Age Syria Through Phytolith Analysis on Human Dental Calculus PDF Download

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Category :
Languages : en
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Author: Sarah Catherine Walshaw
Publisher: National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada
ISBN:
Category : Bronze age
Languages : en
Pages : 101

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Author: Marc Oxenham
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 131753400X
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 1000

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In recent years the bioarchaeology of Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands has seen enormous progress. This new and exciting research is synthesised, contextualised and expanded upon in The Routledge Handbook of Bioarchaeology in Southeast Asia and the Pacific Islands. The volume is divided into two broad sections, one dealing with mainland and island Southeast Asia, and a second section dealing with the Pacific islands. A multi-scalar approach is employed to the bio-social dimensions of Southeast Asia and the Pacific islands with contributions alternating between region and/or site specific scales of operation to the individual or personal scale. The more personal level of osteobiographies enriches the understanding of the lived experience in past communities. Including a number of contributions from sub-disciplinary approaches tangential to bioarchaeology the book provides a broad theoretical and methodological approach. Providing new information on the globally relevant topics of farming, population mobility, subsistence and health, no other volume provides such a range of coverage on these important themes.

Author: Jane Buikstra
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0128099011
Category : Law
Languages : en
Pages : 859

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Ortner's Identification of Pathological Conditions in Human Skeletal Remains, Third Edition, provides an integrated and comprehensive treatment of the pathological conditions that affect the human skeleton. As ancient skeletal remains can reveal a treasure trove of information to the modern orthopedist, pathologist, forensic anthropologist, and radiologist, this book presents a timely resource. Beautifully illustrated with over 1,100 photographs and drawings, it provides an essential text and material on bone pathology, thus helping improve the diagnostic ability of those interested in human dry bone pathology. Presents a comprehensive review of the skeletal diseases encountered in archaeological human remains Includes more than 1100 photographs and line drawings illustrating skeletal diseases, including both microscopic and gross features Based on extensive research on skeletal paleopathology in many countries Reviews important theoretical issues on how to interpret evidence of skeletal disease in archaeological human populations

Author: Dolores R. Piperno
Publisher: Elsevier
ISBN: 148329711X
Category : Business & Economics
Languages : en
Pages : 295

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This is a methodological guide to the use of plant opal phytolith analysis in paleoenvironmental and paleoecological reconstruction. It is the first book-length treatment of this promising technique, which has undergone rapid development within the past few years and is now beginning to be used with considerable success by paleobotanists who serve the archaeological and paleontological research communities. It will be mandatory reading for all paleobotanists, paleoecologists, and archaeological scientists.

Author: Ying Guan
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832520030
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 237

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Author: Samantha Heidi Blatt
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Dental calculus
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Analysis of debris in human dental calculus (mineralized plaque) with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) can provide direct evidence of ancient diet, yet is often overlooked. The physical inclusion of debris in the matrix of dental calculus is direct evidence for the contemporaneity of both structures, since calculus only forms in the presence of saliva. Bacteria, mineral crystals, phytoliths, strarch grains, and cellulose fibers were identified within the matrix of human dental calculus of teeth from two Late Prehistoric Ohio populations, allowing for inferences about ancient oral health, diet, and long distance exchange. Phytoliths indicated the consumption of native grains, legumes, and dicots from both populations. The frequency of calculus, commonly associated with the amount protein in the diet, however, indicates slight differences in the amount of protein versus carbohydrates consumed between the two populations. This study has also revealed the first presence of cotton (Gossypium sp.) in prehistoric Ohio. The presence of immature cotton fibers from four individuals from northern Ohio is evidence for the exchange of exotic goods during the Late Prehistoric period, a period in which exotic exchange is rare. Cotton is present prehistorically in the American southwest and Caribbean Islands, but immature cotton becomes more common exceedingly north of the equator and is frequent in southwestern textiles, suggesting long distance trade and contact between the Southwest and northern Ohio during the Late Prehistoric. SEM analysis of calculus is limited by the disaggregation of debris and the lack of standardization of phytolith and starch grain classification. This technique should be used in conjunction with other paleodietary and paelopathology analyses.

Author: Dolores R. Piperno
Publisher: Rowman Altamira
ISBN: 0759114463
Category : Social Science
Languages : en
Pages : 249

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The study of phytoliths—inorganic silica remnants plants leave behind when they die and decay—has developed dramatically over the last twenty years. New publications have documented a diverse array of phytoliths from many regions around the globe, while new understandings have emerged as to how and why plants produce phytoliths. Together, these developments make phytoliths a powerful tool in reconstructing past environments and human uses of plants. In Phytoliths, Dolores Piperno makes sense of the discipline for both those working directly with phytoliths in the field or the lab as well as for those who rely on the results of phytolith studies for their own research. Including over a hundred images, Piperno's book will be of great benefit to archaeologists and paleobotanists in the classroom or the lab.

Author: Sanz, Nuria
Publisher: UNESCO Publishing
ISBN: 9231000209
Category : Embalming
Languages : en
Pages : 198

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Author: I. Peter Martini
Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media
ISBN: 904819413X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 475

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This book contains case histories intended to show how societies and landscapes interact. The range of interest stretches from the small groups of the earliest Neolithic, through Bronze and Iron Age civilizations, to modern nation states. The coexistence is, of its very nature reciprocal, resulting in changes in both society and landscape. In some instances the adaptations may be judged successful in terms of human needs, but failure is common and even the successful cases are ephemeral when judged in the light of history. Comparisons and contrasts between the various cases can be made at various scales from global through inter-regional, to regional and smaller scales. At the global scale, all societies deal with major problems of climate change, sea-level rise, and with ubiquitous problems such as soil erosion and landscape degradation. Inter-regional differences bring out significant detail with one region suffering from drought when another suffers from widespread flooding. For example, desertification in North Africa and the Near East contrasts with the temperate countries of southern Europe where the landscape-effects of deforestation are more obvious. And China and Japan offer an interesting comparison from the standpoint of geological hazards to society - large, unpredictable and massively erosive rivers in the former case, volcanoes and accompanying earthquakes in the latter. Within the North African region localized climatic changes led to abandonment of some desertified areas with successful adjustments in others, with the ultimate evolution into the formative civilization of Egypt, the "Gift of the Nile". At a smaller scale it is instructive to compare the city-states of the Medieval and early Renaissance times that developed in the watershed of a single river, the Arno in Tuscany, and how Pisa, Siena and Florence developed and reached their golden periods at different times depending on their location with regard to proximity to the sea, to the main trunk of the river, or in the adjacent hills. Also noteworthy is the role of technology in opening up opportunities for a society. Consider the Netherlands and how its history has been formed by the technical problem of a populous society dealing with too much water, as an inexorably rising sea threatens their landscape; or the case of communities in Colorado trying to deal with too little water for farmers and domestic users, by bringing their supply over a mountain chain. These and others cases included in the book, provide evidence of the successes, near misses and outright failures that mark our ongoing relationship with landscape throughout the history of Homo sapiens. The hope is that compilations such as this will lead to a better understanding of the issue and provide us with knowledge valuable in planning a sustainable modus vivendi between humanity and landscape for as long as possible. Audience: The book will interest geomorphologists, geologists, geographers, archaeologists, anthropologists, ecologists, environmentalists, historians and others in the academic world. Practically, planners and managers interested in landscape/environmental conditions will find interest in these pages, and more generally the increasingly large body of opinion in the general public, with concerns about Planet Earth, will find much to inform their opinions. Extra material: The color plate section is available at http://extras.springer.com