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Author: Guido Ruivenkamp Publisher: BRILL ISBN: 9086866395 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 367
Book Description
The main subject of this publication is the co-creation of society and biotechnology. The authors do not treat society and biotechnology as separate domains, instead they consider technologies as socially constructed. The main focus of this publication is on agro-biotechnologies and the contributors present perspectives for reconstruction both from and in 'the North' and 'the South'. Reconstructing biotechnologies offers a range of critical social analyses confronting the actuality of biotechnology with the potentialities of its social reconstruction. In doing that, the book develops and merges literature from four different disciplines, namely (i) critical theory and its analyses of technology and power, (ii) political economy, critically assessing the interrelationship between economy, politics and technology, (iii) social constructivism, which holds that technology is the product of agency and knowledge systems, and (iv) the analysis of rural society and agrarian technologies in rural sociology. Reconstructing biotechnologies introduces exciting approaches and examples into the social reshaping of biotechnologies. It brings together critical examinations of contemporary biotechnology development and puts forward possible alternatives written by critical scholars. The contributions in this publication are for students and scholars in a wide range of disciplines such as social and political sciences, science and technology studies, and development studies. The editors of the book are associated with the Social Sciences Department of Wageningen University in the Netherlands and the Graduate School of Economics of Kyoto University in Japan. They have published extensively on social and political theory and biotechnology.
Author: Guido Ruivenkamp Publisher: BRILL ISBN: 9086866395 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 367
Book Description
The main subject of this publication is the co-creation of society and biotechnology. The authors do not treat society and biotechnology as separate domains, instead they consider technologies as socially constructed. The main focus of this publication is on agro-biotechnologies and the contributors present perspectives for reconstruction both from and in 'the North' and 'the South'. Reconstructing biotechnologies offers a range of critical social analyses confronting the actuality of biotechnology with the potentialities of its social reconstruction. In doing that, the book develops and merges literature from four different disciplines, namely (i) critical theory and its analyses of technology and power, (ii) political economy, critically assessing the interrelationship between economy, politics and technology, (iii) social constructivism, which holds that technology is the product of agency and knowledge systems, and (iv) the analysis of rural society and agrarian technologies in rural sociology. Reconstructing biotechnologies introduces exciting approaches and examples into the social reshaping of biotechnologies. It brings together critical examinations of contemporary biotechnology development and puts forward possible alternatives written by critical scholars. The contributions in this publication are for students and scholars in a wide range of disciplines such as social and political sciences, science and technology studies, and development studies. The editors of the book are associated with the Social Sciences Department of Wageningen University in the Netherlands and the Graduate School of Economics of Kyoto University in Japan. They have published extensively on social and political theory and biotechnology.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309075556 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 118
Book Description
This report surveys opportunities for future Army applications in biotechnology, including sensors, electronics and computers, materials, logistics, and medical therapeutics, by matching commercial trends and developments with enduring Army requirements. Several biotechnology areas are identified as important for the Army to exploit, either by direct funding of research or by indirect influence of commercial sources, to achieve significant gains in combat effectiveness before 2025.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309316553 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 158
Book Description
The tremendous progress in biology over the last half century - from Watson and Crick's elucidation of the structure of DNA to today's astonishing, rapid progress in the field of synthetic biology - has positioned us for significant innovation in chemical production. New bio-based chemicals, improved public health through improved drugs and diagnostics, and biofuels that reduce our dependency on oil are all results of research and innovation in the biological sciences. In the past decade, we have witnessed major advances made possible by biotechnology in areas such as rapid, low-cost DNA sequencing, metabolic engineering, and high-throughput screening. The manufacturing of chemicals using biological synthesis and engineering could expand even faster. A proactive strategy - implemented through the development of a technical roadmap similar to those that enabled sustained growth in the semiconductor industry and our explorations of space - is needed if we are to realize the widespread benefits of accelerating the industrialization of biology. Industrialization of Biology presents such a roadmap to achieve key technical milestones for chemical manufacturing through biological routes. This report examines the technical, economic, and societal factors that limit the adoption of bioprocessing in the chemical industry today and which, if surmounted, would markedly accelerate the advanced manufacturing of chemicals via industrial biotechnology. Working at the interface of synthetic chemistry, metabolic engineering, molecular biology, and synthetic biology, Industrialization of Biology identifies key technical goals for next-generation chemical manufacturing, then identifies the gaps in knowledge, tools, techniques, and systems required to meet those goals, and targets and timelines for achieving them. This report also considers the skills necessary to accomplish the roadmap goals, and what training opportunities are required to produce the cadre of skilled scientists and engineers needed.
Author: Wietse Vroom Publisher: BRILL ISBN: 9086866808 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 215
Book Description
Agriculture plays a crucial role in the alleviation of extreme poverty and hunger. Development of new crop varieties that are more resistant to disease and pests, and that produce more in dry conditions or on poor soils, can contribute to agricultural development. However, while the technical potential to improve crop varieties is increasing rapidly, such technologies do not always successfully contribute to the economic development of resource poor farmers. New technologies may never reach farmers, may be prohibitively expensive, or may solve only a very limited part of the problem that farmers are facing in practice. This book engages with the debate on how modern genetic technologies are used in plant breeding, and questions what it is that makes a new technology appropriate for pro-poor agricultural development. It does so by moving beyond a technical perspective on what constitutes 'appropriate technology' and by analyzing how different approaches to agro-technological development create different social roles for technology developers and farmers in innovation processes and production systems. Case studies of projects and international research centres in India, Peru and Mexico provide an insight in the different approaches to agro-technological development in which farmers are treated as 'recipients of technology', or are involved as 'co-innovators', and in which technology developers present themselves as 'solution providers' or as 'service providers'. Insight in those different approaches contributes to a clearer debate on the potential role of biotechnology in agricultural development and the reduction of poverty.
Author: Peter Derkx Publisher: Rodopi ISBN: 9401209758 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 343
Book Description
This book addresses the ethical and political questions flowing from the vastly increased possibilities to manipulate the genetic properties of organisms, including human beings. Due to the great complexity of the scientific fields involved, these questions are framed and answered mostly by scientific experts. But the new technological possibilities and social practices connected with genetic manipulation intrude into domains that for a long time have been the provenance of religious and secular worldviews and touch upon deep-seated convictions and emotions. Moreover they are strongly influenced by economic and political interests. As a consequence, questions of scientific truth and technical control are getting more and more mixed up with questions regarding values and interests. Against this background, this book starts from the premise that neither clinging to the idea of value-neutral, disinterested science, nor the complete abandonment of this idea in favour of postmodern relativism will be of much help here. Instead the different contributions to this book explore the idea of a ‘lingua democratica’ for the life sciences and sketch the contours of this notion by focusing on a broad range of conceptual and practical issues in the field of genomics.
Author: Peter T. Robbins Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9048197848 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 233
Book Description
At a time when the human genome has been sequenced advances in the life sciences seem to have great potential for human health, industry and the environment throughout Central and Eastern Europe (CEE). Still, for some, potential risks and ethical dilemmas remain, surrounding issues such as the appropriate use of GM crops, stem cells, genetic information, the nature of intellectual property and other challenges that come with EU accession. This book is the first of its kind to bring together experts from across Europe to explore the landscape of current life science policy and industrial development in CEE, including implications for economies, regulatory and legal frameworks, health care, ethics and human rights. It will be essential reading for researchers and students in science and technology studies, development, sociology, politics and law, and those interested in life science development in transition economies.
Author: Anthony B. Pinn Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319317148 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
This book interrogates the ways in which new technological advances impact the thought and practices of humanism. Chapters investigate the social, political, and cultural implications of the creation and use of advanced forms of technology, examining both defining benefits and potential dangers. Contributors also discuss technology’s relationship to and impact on the shifting definitions we hold for humankind. International and multi-disciplinary in nature and scope, the volume presents an exploration of humanism and technology that is both racially diverse and gender sensitive. With great depth and self-awareness, contributors offer suggestions for how humanists and humanist organizations might think about and relate to technology in a rapidly changing world. More broadly, the book offers a critical humanistic interrogation of the concept of “progress” especially as it relates to technological advancement.
Author: Alessandro Isoni Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319751964 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 499
Book Description
The book reflects on the issues concerning, on the one hand, the difficulty in feeding an ever- increasing world population and, on the other hand, the need to build new productive systems able to protect the planet from overexploitation. The concept of “food diversity” is a synthesis of diversities: biodiversity of ecological sources of food supply; socio-territorial diversity; and cultural diversity of food traditions. In keeping with this transdisciplinary perspective, the book collects a large number of contributions that examine, firstly the relationships between agrobiodiversity, rural sustainable systems and food diversity; and secondly, the issues concerning typicality (food specialties/food identities), rural development and territorial communities. Lastly, it explores legal questions concerning the regulations aiming to protect both the food diversity and the right to food, in the light of the political, economic and social implications related to the problem of feeding the world population, while at the same time respecting local communities’ rights, especially in the developing countries. The book collects the works of legal scholars, agroecologists, historians and sociologists from around the globe.
Author: Guido Nicolosi Publisher: Cambridge Scholars Publishing ISBN: 1443892432 Category : Social Science Languages : en Pages : 180
Book Description
From a general perspective, as well as in scientific practice, technology and society are viewed as two distinct entities. Related to this view are the assumption that technology and human experience are quite different and unconnected and the idea that modernity has uprooted, de-contextualised, and disembodied technical rationality. Adopting a contrary approach, this book represents a theoretical exploration to show that, in the domain of technological development, there are significant margins for manoeuvre in which to recuperate and valorise human and social action, in order to envisage a better democratisation of technology. Primary focus is placed on open source, as potentially paving the way to a new participatory model of technology. This model makes so-called ‘technical code’ an open entity in which it is possible to realise creative processes, including those of re-appropriation designed to re-invent used technologies.
Author: Swati Joshi Publisher: Elsevier ISBN: 0323885128 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 526
Book Description
Designer Microbial Cell Factories: Metabolic Engineering and Applications, the latest release in the Current Developments in Biotechnology and Bioengineering series, provides a detailed overview of the biotechnological approaches and strategies used to generate engineered microbes and to facilitate the acceleration, modulation and diversion of metabolic pathways to get desired output such as production of value-added compound or biodegradation of xenobiotic pollutant. The book also highlights applied aspects of designer microbes in fields as diverse as agriculture, pharmaceuticals and bioremediation. Designer microbes generated through reprogramming the microbial cell factories (MCFs) provide an edge over their natural counterparts in terms of increased molecular diversity and selective chemistry. These bugs are becoming instrumental in several areas, including agriculture, environment and human health. Engineering microbes through directed evolution not only gives freedom from evolutionary constrains but also allow introduction of regulated and foreseeable functions into MCFs. Dedicated to the designing of microbes, covering state-of-the-art technological advancements in the field Includes applications of metabolic engineering in the field of agriculture, bioremediation, value-added products, therapeutics, and more Contains chapters dedicated to innovative approaches surrounding engineered microbial consortia Provides comprehensive details and helps users understand concepts
Author: Guido Ruivenkamp
Author: Guido Ruivenkamp
Author: National Research Council
Author: National Research Council
Author: Wietse Vroom
Author: Peter Derkx
Author: Peter T. Robbins
Author: Anthony B. Pinn
Author: Alessandro Isoni
Author: Guido Nicolosi
Author: Swati Joshi