Recent Studies of the Gamma-ray Laser Problem. Addendum to LA-UR-80-96 PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The possibility of extending the laser principle into the hard x-ray region above a few keV depends upon the ability of a pump to create the critical density of population inversion for which gain overcomes loss by absorption. Although this critical density decreases with the wavelength of the radiation to be stimulated, the power required to generate it depends upon the lifetime of the state being pumped. The lifetimes of inner-shell vacancies of atoms are very short. Nuclear states, on the other hand, have much longer lifetimes, ranging from fractions of picoseconds to millennia. Moreover, in the so-called recoilless or Moessbauer transitions of nuclear isomers, it was observed that the resonance cross section often exceeds the nonresonant absorption cross section by several orders of magnitude: just the condition for lasing in an inverted population. If, other things being equal, the absorber foil of a Moessbauer experiment contained an excess of excited states, then, instead of the absorption dip normally observed at resonance, there would be an increase of intensity, and amplification by stimulated emission would be achieved. The problem in making a gamma-ray laser is, therefore, simply that of obtaining an inverted population without inhibiting the Moessbauer effect. Research on this problem is reviewed.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
The possibility of extending the laser principle into the hard x-ray region above a few keV depends upon the ability of a pump to create the critical density of population inversion for which gain overcomes loss by absorption. Although this critical density decreases with the wavelength of the radiation to be stimulated, the power required to generate it depends upon the lifetime of the state being pumped. The lifetimes of inner-shell vacancies of atoms are very short. Nuclear states, on the other hand, have much longer lifetimes, ranging from fractions of picoseconds to millennia. Moreover, in the so-called recoilless or Moessbauer transitions of nuclear isomers, it was observed that the resonance cross section often exceeds the nonresonant absorption cross section by several orders of magnitude: just the condition for lasing in an inverted population. If, other things being equal, the absorber foil of a Moessbauer experiment contained an excess of excited states, then, instead of the absorption dip normally observed at resonance, there would be an increase of intensity, and amplification by stimulated emission would be achieved. The problem in making a gamma-ray laser is, therefore, simply that of obtaining an inverted population without inhibiting the Moessbauer effect. Research on this problem is reviewed.
Author: Glenn F. Knoll Publisher: ISBN: 9780471617617 Category : Nuclear counters Languages : en Pages : 754
Book Description
This new edition of the methods and instrumentation used in the detection of ionizing radiation has been revised and updated to reflect recent advances. It covers modern engineering practice, provides useful design information and contains an up-to-date review of the literature.
Author: Vitaly Fedchenko Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0198736649 Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 310
Book Description
Nuclear material changes its form and properties as it moves through the nuclear fuel cycle, from one facility to another. Each step of the fuel cycle or each use of the material will inevitably leave its mark. The science of determining the history of a sample of nuclear material through the study of these characteristics is known as nuclear forensics. While nuclear forensic analysis has normally been associated with investigations and prosecutions in the contextof trafficking of nuclear materials or nuclear terrorism, it had wider applications in in national security contexts, such as nuclear non-proliferation, disarmament, and arms control. The New Nuclear Forensics is the first book to give a definitive guide to this broader definition of nuclear forensic analysis. This book describes the various methods used in nuclear forensics, giving first a broad introduction to the process followed by details of relevant measurement techniques and procedures. In each case, the advantages and limitations are outlined. To put these methods in context, the book also recounts the history of the discipline anddescribes the diverse contemporary applications of nuclear forensics.
Author: U. S. Department Justice Publisher: Createspace Independent Publishing Platform ISBN: 9781500674151 Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The idea of The Fingerprint Sourcebook originated during a meeting in April 2002. Individuals representing the fingerprint, academic, and scientific communities met in Chicago, Illinois, for a day and a half to discuss the state of fingerprint identification with a view toward the challenges raised by Daubert issues. The meeting was a joint project between the International Association for Identification (IAI) and West Virginia University (WVU). One recommendation that came out of that meeting was a suggestion to create a sourcebook for friction ridge examiners, that is, a single source of researched information regarding the subject. This sourcebook would provide educational, training, and research information for the international scientific community.
Author: Eric Beaurepaire Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3642044980 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 435
Book Description
Advances in the synthesis of new materials with often complex, nano-scaled structures require increasingly sophisticated experimental techniques that can probe the electronic states, the atomic magnetic moments and the magnetic microstructures responsible for the properties of these materials. At the same time, progress in synchrotron radiation techniques has ensured that these light sources remain a key tool of investigation, e.g. synchrotron radiation sources of the third generation are able to support magnetic imaging on a sub-micrometer scale. With the Fifth Mittelwihr School on Magnetism and Synchrotron Radiation the tradition of teaching the state-of-the-art on modern research developments continues and is expressed through the present set of extensive lectures provided in this volume. While primarily aimed at postgraduate students and newcomers to the field, this volume will also benefit researchers and lecturers actively working in the field.
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Author: Necia Grant Cooper
Author: Glenn F. Knoll
Author: Vitaly Fedchenko
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Author: U. S. Department Justice
Author: Eric Beaurepaire