Recent advances in hazelnut (corylus spp.) PDF Download

Author: Valerio Cristofori
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832513646
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 358

View

Book Description

Author: John Michael Capik
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Eastern filbert blight
Languages : en
Pages : 143

View

Book Description
Eastern filbert blight (EFB), caused by the fungus Anisogramma anomala (Peck) E. Müller, is a destructive disease of European hazelnut (Corylus avellana). While the wild North American hazelnut, C. americana, only experiences minor symptoms, commercially grown C. avellana is extremely susceptible. Anisogramma anomala, whose range includes much of the U.S. east of the Rocky Mountains, is considered to be the main impediment to commercial hazelnut production in the East. As such, identifying and developing resistant C. avellana germplasm is critical to establishing an industry in this region. To support this goal, several research projects were undertaken. In the first study, 193 clonal hazelnut accessions spanning multiple Corylus species and inter-specific hybrids were examined for their disease response to EFB in New Jersey. In summary, despite the fact that many of the plants were shown to be resistant in Oregon, some accessions developed EFB in New Jersey. These results support previous work that suggests different isolates of the pathogen are present in the eastern U.S., and resistance may not hold up unilaterally. A second study included searching for new sources of resistance to EFB. New hazelnut germplasm was collected from Russia, Poland, and Ukraine and exposed to EFB. After at least five years of exposure, plants were rated for iii the presence of EFB. At completion, 76 trees from 24 seed lots were found to be free of EFB with several trees that also produced excellent quality kernels. The final study was predicated on evaluating known resistant plants for their flowering phenology in New Jersey. Phenological timing of flowering in hazelnuts is critical to ensure complete pollination and high crop yields. Nineteen hazelnut accessions were evaluated compared to daily temperatures over 4 years. Results showed that the accessions followed a similar progression of bloom each year (both staminate and pistillate flowers), which allowed their placement into Early, Mid-, and Late flowering groups. These findings represent the first efforts to report on flowering and bud break phenology in New Jersey, where the winter climate is colder and more variable than that of Oregon and other commercial hazelnut growing regions.

Author: Irwin Goldman
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1119828228
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 477

View

Book Description
Plant Breeding Reviews presents state-of-the-art reviews on plant genetics and the breeding of all types of crops by both traditional means and molecular methods. Many of the crops widely grown today stem from a very narrow genetic base; understanding and preserving crop genetic resources is vital to the security of food systems worldwide. The emphasis of the series is on methodology, a fundamental understanding of crop genetics, and applications to major crops.

Author: Jameel M. Al-Khayri
Publisher: Springer Nature
ISBN: 3030231127
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 578

View

Book Description
This book examines the development of innovative modern methodologies towards augmenting conventional plant breeding, in individual crops, for the production of new crop varieties under the increasingly limiting environmental and cultivation factors to achieve sustainable agricultural production, enhanced food security, in addition to providing raw materials for innovative industrial products and pharmaceuticals. This Volume 4, subtitled Nut and Beverage Crops, focuses on advances in breeding strategies using both traditional and modern approaches for the improvement of individual plantation crops. Included in Part I, eleven important nut species recognized for their economical and nutritional importance including Almond, Argan, Brazil nut, Cashew nut, Chestnut, Hazelnut, Macadamia, Peanut, Pine nut, Pistachio and Walnut. Part II covers two popular beverage species, coffee and tea. This volume is contributed by 53 internationally reputable scientists from 13 countries. Each chapter comprehensively reviews the modern literature on the subject and reflects the authors own experience.

Author: Hosam O. Elansary
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832549624
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 210

View

Book Description
Edible plants are rich in bioactive compounds that have physiological effects such as anticancer, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antimicrobial activities. Natural plant extracts are frequently used to prolong the shelf life of fresh and processed foods, therefore preserving their quality and safety. Phytochemical studies of extracts and biological activities of various plant organs are also important in the food and human nutrition industries. They have the potential to pave the path for the commercialization of other plants by developing new applications for the food sector. Plant bioactive compounds represent a promising research objective for plant breeders, producers and food processing industries.

Author: Abdalbasit Adam Mariod
Publisher: Academic Press
ISBN: 0323903266
Category : Technology & Engineering
Languages : en
Pages : 454

View

Book Description
Multiple Biological Activities of Unconventional Seed Oils brings detailed knowledge concerning the biological properties of oils (antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, antitumor, anti-inflammatory, etc.), the content of individual substances with health-promoting properties, methods for biological properties assay, the influence of raw material quality and technological processes on the quality of oils, and possible raw materials and oil contaminants with adverse health effects. The book's chapters also highlight the unique properties of new oils, along with their biological activities. Less than a decade ago, the vegetable oils on grocery store shelves were derived from conventional oil seeds e.g., cotton, groundnut, sesame, corn sunflower and soybean. However, as consumers began to understand how fat intake affects overall health, researchers, plant growers and food manufacturers started to produce oils from unconventional sources. This book highlights what we've learned in the process. Explores unconventional oils, their different sources, and where they grow worldwide Explains the medicinal uses of unconventional oils Details the biological activities, antioxidant and physico-chemical composition of unconventional oils

Author: Megan F. Muehlbauer
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Eastern filbert blight
Languages : en
Pages : 193

View

Book Description
Hazelnuts rank 6th in world tree nut production, with approximately 800,000 metric tons produced per year. Commercial hazelnut production in the United States (the third largest producer of hazelnuts in the world) has been limited, due to the fungal pathogen Anisogramma anomala, the causal agent of eastern filbert blight (EFB). Interestingly, A. anomala is most deadly to the European hazelnut species (Corylus avellana), the only species used for commercial production, but is harbored by and does not cause symptoms in the native American species (C. americana). This fungal pathogen invades the vascular system of hazelnuts, girdles branches, and ultimately leads to death of the tree. Control measures to combat EFB are expensive and labor intensive, thus the most cost effective means of combating this disease is the use of disease resistant plant material. The Corylus genus holds 10 additional species, many of which carry EFB resistance. Over the past 15 years, extensive germplasm collection trips have been made to develop a broad hazelnut germplasm collection at Rutgers University, the entirely of which has been screened for resistance to EFB. The purpose of this study was to genetically characterize the novel collection of largely EFB resistant germplasm at Rutgers University using simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. In addition, these same tools were used to further enhance the utility and better direct the use of this germplasm in the breeding program by performing a population structure analysis of A. anomala isolates collected from the United States and Canada. The final aspect of this dissertation investigates additional Corylus species by conducting a lipid content and profile analysis of four hazelnut species and interspecific hybrids to determine if there is a species effect on important kernel characteristics. Both the hazelnut germplasm collection and A. anomala isolate collection were found to be highly genetically diverse, and the analysis resolved 11 and 22 genetic populations, respectively. It was also found that the lipid content and profiles of hazelnuts will likely not be negatively affected by the introgression of different species into the breeding program. This work has demonstrated that there are a number of diverse sources of resistance in the Rutgers University hazelnut germplasm collection to the exceedingly genetically diverse fungus A. anomala, and introgression of sources of resistance in non C. avellana species will likely not effect commercially important kernel characteristics.

Author: Ajar Nath Yadav
Publisher: Springer
ISBN: 3030148467
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 504

View

Book Description
White biotechnology is industrial biotechnology dealing with various biotech products through applications of microbes. The main application of white biotechnology is commercial production of various useful organic substances, such as acetic acid, citric acid, acetone, glycerine, etc., and antibiotics like penicillin, streptomycin, mitomycin, etc., and value added product through the use of microorganisms especially fungi and bacteria. The value-added products included bioactive compounds, secondary metabolites, pigments and industrially important enzymes for potential applications in agriculture, pharmaceuticals, medicine and allied sectors for human welfare. In the 21st century, techniques were developed to harness fungi to protect human health (through antibiotics, antimicrobial, immunosuppressive agents, value-added products etc.), which led to industrial scale production of enzymes, alkaloids, detergents, acids, biosurfactants. The first large-scale industrial applications of modern biotechnology have been made in the areas of food and animal feed production (agricultural/green biotechnology) and pharmaceuticals (medical/red biotechnology). In contrast, the production of bio-active compounds through fermentation or enzymatic conversion is known industrial or white biotechnology. The beneficial fungal strains may play important role in agriculture, industry and the medical sectors. The beneficial fungi play a significance role in plant growth promotion, and soil fertility using both, direct (solubilization of phosphorus, potassium and zinc; production of indole acetic acid, gibberellic acid, cytokinin and siderophores) and indirect (production of hydrolytic enzymes, siderophores, ammonia, hydrogen cyanides and antibiotics) mechanisms of plant growth promotion for sustainable agriculture. The fungal strains and their products (enzymes, bio-active compounds and secondary metabolites) are very useful for industry. The discovery of antibiotics is a milestone in the development of white biotechnology. Since then, white biotechnology has steadily developed and now plays a key role in several industrial sectors, providing both high valued nutraceuticals and pharmaceutical products. The fungal strains and bio-active compounds also play important role in the environmental cleaning. This volume covers the latest research developments related to value-added products in white biotechnology through fungi.

Author: Mohammad Irfan
Publisher: Frontiers Media SA
ISBN: 2832537871
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 168

View

Book Description

Author: Larissa I. Weisfeld
Publisher: CRC Press
ISBN: 135124938X
Category : Science
Languages : en
Pages : 417

View

Book Description
Ecological and genetic control of plant resistance to unfavorable environmental influences is being carried out all over the world, and new varieties and hybrids of plants are being created, resulting in rich, new information and innovative new methods of cultivation. This new volume, Temperate Horticulture for Sustainable Development and Environment: Ecological Aspects, explores the vast biotic diversity in horticulture, with a focus on sustainable development in today's deteriorating environment. The book offers new technologies for a wide range of horticultural crops, including vegetables, fruit, berries, and flowers. The information presented here is the result of original experiments and study of leading specialists in horticulture, plant breeding, and related areas. Part 1, Innovation in the Field of Vegetable Growing, looks at several completely new methods for increasing the yield of potatoes and cucumbers. The second part. The Arctic Berries: Ecology and Biochemistry presents an abundance of data on the phytocenotic properties of wild-growing and cultivated berry plants and of arctic raspberry and blueberry in natural populations of taiga zones. The authors studied berry crops, cranberry, Arctic bramble, blueberry, Arctic raspberry, cowberry, growing on the boggy soil and peatlands in taiga zones. Part 3, Decorative Plants: Breeding and Biochemistry, provides an overview of winter garden plants and their successful cultivation, looks at the range of resistance to salinization and other stresses of ornamental plants growing, and presents a biochemical analysis of biological active compounds and antioxidants among various species of the genus Aloe. Part 4, on Fruit Growing and Breeding, reviews various technologies for the cultivation of various fruits and presents an overview of data on breeding rare fruit crop. This volume will be useful for the scientific community, ecologists, geneticists, breeders, and industry professionals interested in using science to implement practical applications in production of fruits, vegetables, and flowers.