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Author: John G. Barnitz Publisher: Prentice Hall ISBN: 9780137548057 Category : English language Languages : en Pages : 115
Book Description
A state of the art report on the development of native and second language reading skills in nonnative English speakers begins with a review of the reading process and the relationship of language to the reading process. The second chapter reviews various levels of language and relates them to reading and learning to read a first and second language. Two questions are addressed: (1) to what extent do language proficiency or language differences affect reading and learning to read a second language? and (2) what principles and methods are useful in facilitating the nonnative speaker's acquisition of English literacy? First and second language reading research is examined and compared, and teaching strategies and techniques are reviewed. Finally, some related issues in applied linguistics and second language literacy are discussed, including (1) the relationship of orthographies, bilingualism, and reading; (2) initial literacy in the native vs. the second language; (3) similarities and differences in learning to read in different languages; and (4) needs in teacher education programs concering language differences and reading. Suggestions for further reading, a list of organizational resources, and a bibliography are included. (MSE)
Author: John G. Barnitz Publisher: Prentice Hall ISBN: 9780137548057 Category : English language Languages : en Pages : 115
Book Description
A state of the art report on the development of native and second language reading skills in nonnative English speakers begins with a review of the reading process and the relationship of language to the reading process. The second chapter reviews various levels of language and relates them to reading and learning to read a first and second language. Two questions are addressed: (1) to what extent do language proficiency or language differences affect reading and learning to read a second language? and (2) what principles and methods are useful in facilitating the nonnative speaker's acquisition of English literacy? First and second language reading research is examined and compared, and teaching strategies and techniques are reviewed. Finally, some related issues in applied linguistics and second language literacy are discussed, including (1) the relationship of orthographies, bilingualism, and reading; (2) initial literacy in the native vs. the second language; (3) similarities and differences in learning to read in different languages; and (4) needs in teacher education programs concering language differences and reading. Suggestions for further reading, a list of organizational resources, and a bibliography are included. (MSE)
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 0309219590 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 504
Book Description
A high level of literacy in both print and digital media is required for negotiating most aspects of 21st-century life, including supporting a family, education, health, civic participation, and competitiveness in the global economy. Yet, more than 90 million U.S. adults lack adequate literacy. Furthermore, only 38 percent of U.S. 12th graders are at or above proficient in reading. Improving Adult Literacy Instruction synthesizes the research on literacy and learning to improve literacy instruction in the United States and to recommend a more systemic approach to research, practice, and policy. The book focuses on individuals ages 16 and older who are not in K-12 education. It identifies factors that affect literacy development in adolescence and adulthood in general, and examines their implications for strengthening literacy instruction for this population. It also discusses technologies for learning that can assist with multiple aspects of teaching, assessment,and accommodations for learning. There is inadequate knowledge about effective instructional practices and a need for better assessment and ongoing monitoring of adult students' proficiencies, weaknesses, instructional environments, and progress, which might guide instructional planning. Improving Adult Literacy Instruction recommends a program of research and innovation to validate, identify the boundaries of, and extend current knowledge to improve instruction for adults and adolescents outside school. The book is a valuable resource for curriculum developers, federal agencies such as the Department of Education, administrators, educators, and funding agencies.
Author: Khaled Khalifa Publisher: Macmillan ISBN: 1250052343 Category : Fiction Languages : en Pages : 320
Book Description
In the secluded house of her grandparents a young Muslim girl is raised by her aunts but as tensions in Syria through the 1980s rise, the walls are no longer enough to shield them from the political and social chaos outside.
Author: Jovan CICMIL Publisher: Independently Published ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 138
Book Description
Based on a decade of freelance experience, this book guides you through every phase of freelance success. How do you find work? How do you pick the right projects? How should you communicate with your clients? How should you price projects and increase your earnings over time? How can you position yourself so that work finds you? How can you diversify your sources of income? What career paths can you take? How can you maximize your productivity? How can you become resistant to market changes? In short: how to become an unstoppable freelancer. Jovan Cicmil has been freelancing for 10 years and writing for two. This book distills a decade of experience into practical advice - everything the author did right and everything he did wrong has been put to use in helping you become unstoppable. The book contains more than practical advice. Once inside, you will also find illustrations, real-life examples, and anecdotes, all geared toward helping you absorb the information.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030906418X Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 449
Book Description
While most children learn to read fairly well, there remain many young Americans whose futures are imperiled because they do not read well enough to meet the demands of our competitive, technology-driven society. This book explores the problem within the context of social, historical, cultural, and biological factors. Recommendations address the identification of groups of children at risk, effective instruction for the preschool and early grades, effective approaches to dialects and bilingualism, the importance of these findings for the professional development of teachers, and gaps that remain in our understanding of how children learn to read. Implications for parents, teachers, schools, communities, the media, and government at all levels are discussed. The book examines the epidemiology of reading problems and introduces the concepts used by experts in the field. In a clear and readable narrative, word identification, comprehension, and other processes in normal reading development are discussed. Against the background of normal progress, Preventing Reading Difficulties in Young Children examines factors that put children at risk of poor reading. It explores in detail how literacy can be fostered from birth through kindergarten and the primary grades, including evaluation of philosophies, systems, and materials commonly used to teach reading.
Author: Rubén Chacón-Beltrán Publisher: Multilingual Matters ISBN: 1847694802 Category : Language Arts & Disciplines Languages : en Pages : 241
Book Description
In a field like L2 vocabulary teaching and learning where interest and research studies are burgeoning, this book offers a useful collection of papers that contains new ways of investigating vocabulary development, techniques for vocabulary teaching such as the Focus on Form hypothesis, word associations, and the use of concordance data. In addition, it tackles recent areas of analysis such as the treatment of vocabulary in teaching materials—an area of almost complete neglect in the literature. The book is divided into three parts. Part one provides the overview and deals with the development of a model for vocabulary teaching and learning. Part two focuses on empirical studies on lexical processing in English and Spanish. Part three centers on materials design for vocabulary teaching and learning. The advances made in this book will certainly be of interest to researchers, teachers, and graduate students working on this very active field of inquiry.
Author: John W. Oller Publisher: Associated University Presse ISBN: 9780838753033 Category : Education Languages : en Pages : 508
Book Description
Cloze procedure is a family of testing and teaching methods that leave blanks in discourse and ask examinees to restore the missing elements. Edited and coauthored by award-winning scholars, Cloze and Coherence shows how and why cloze procedure is sensitive to discourse constraints, and it offers a comprehensive theory of semiotics showing what coherence is and reviewing a great deal of cloze research. It traces in particular the history of cloze research pertaining to studies of coherence from Hermann Ebbinghaus in the 1890s to Wilson L. Taylor in the 1950s until today. The research presented here aims to show that cloze scores tend to fall if discourse constraints are disrupted. Also explored are many subtle questions associated with this tendency. Populations discussed include native and nonnative speakers of English, native and nonnative speakers of French, and certain special populations such as deaf subjects and educable mentally retarded subjects. Contrary to some experts, it appears from the theory and the research that all of the normal subject populations as well as the special populations examined here benefit from the cognitive momentum gained from the episodic organization of ordinary discourse. This finding is sustained by research from Taylor, Oller et al., Cziko, Bachman, Jonz, and Taira. Further, some of Jonz's recent work shows why scrambling encyclopedic text (Timothy Shanahan and colleagues) failed to produce any significant decrement in cloze scores. Jonz demonstrated empirically that some texts (just as Gary A. Cziko had predicted) are not made more difficult by scrambling their sentences because the sentences of those texts are, in some cases, arranged in the manner of a list rather than a logically or chronologically structured series. Scrambling the list, therefore, has no significant impact. The final chapter of this study gives a comprehensive review of research reportedly showing that cloze is not sensitive to coherence. The authors show that all those efforts suffer from fatal flaws. Cloze and Coherence offers advances of two kinds. First, a better theoretical basis for experimental research on discourse comprehension and on literacy and language acquisition is presented, which stems from a fleshed-out semiotic theory. Second, experimental advances, whose results are published here for the first time, appear in various studies by Jonz, Chihara et al., Oller et al., and Taira. This work is well researched and illustrated. It includes figures, tables, appendices, a glossary, and an index. It will be a valuable tool for language and literacy testers and teachers.
Author: John G. Barnitz
Author: John G. Barnitz
Author: John G. Barnitz
Author: National Research Council
Author: Khaled Khalifa
Author: John G. Barnitz
Author: Jovan CICMIL
Author: National Research Council
Author: James Anthony Tullius
Author: Rubén Chacón-Beltrán
Author: John W. Oller