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Author: R.L. Williams Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401154902 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 491
Book Description
This is the first publication of the 170 letters written by the Abbé Dominique Chaix to Dr. Dominique Villars between 1772 and 1799, when they were collaborating on the publication of the first flora for the old province of Dauphiné. The letters reveal the uncertainties of plant classification in the late 18th century, but, more generally, the penetration of the Enlightenment into a remote, alpine region of France. Both botanists were of recent peasant origin, invading, albeit deferentially, an intellectual field, traditionally the monopoly of their social betters. The letters also document the enthusiasms, anxieties, and perils of rural clerical life during the French Revolution, and give occasional evidence about the deforestation of the mountains.
Author: R.L. Williams Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9401154902 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 491
Book Description
This is the first publication of the 170 letters written by the Abbé Dominique Chaix to Dr. Dominique Villars between 1772 and 1799, when they were collaborating on the publication of the first flora for the old province of Dauphiné. The letters reveal the uncertainties of plant classification in the late 18th century, but, more generally, the penetration of the Enlightenment into a remote, alpine region of France. Both botanists were of recent peasant origin, invading, albeit deferentially, an intellectual field, traditionally the monopoly of their social betters. The letters also document the enthusiasms, anxieties, and perils of rural clerical life during the French Revolution, and give occasional evidence about the deforestation of the mountains.
Author: Thomas Jefferson Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691153183 Category : Biography & Autobiography Languages : en Pages : 833
Book Description
The Retirement Series documents Jefferson's written legacy between his return to private life on 4 March 1809 and his death on 4 July 1826. During this period Jefferson founded the University of Virginia and sold his extraordinary library to the nation, but his greatest legacy from these years is the astonishing depth and breadth of his correspondence with statesmen, inventors, scientists, philosophers, and ordinary citizens on topics spanning virtually every field of human endeavor.--From publisher description.
Author: John Carson Publisher: Princeton University Press ISBN: 0691187673 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 422
Book Description
How have modern democracies squared their commitment to equality with their fear that disparities in talent and intelligence might be natural, persistent, and consequential? In this wide-ranging account of American and French understandings of merit, talent, and intelligence over the past two centuries, John Carson tells the fascinating story of how two nations wrestled scientifically with human inequalities and their social and political implications. Surveying a broad array of political tracts, philosophical treatises, scientific works, and journalistic writings, Carson chronicles the gradual embrace of the IQ version of intelligence in the United States, while in France, the birthplace of the modern intelligence test, expert judgment was consistently prized above such quantitative measures. He also reveals the crucial role that determinations of, and contests over, merit have played in both societies--they have helped to organize educational systems, justify racial hierarchies, classify army recruits, and direct individuals onto particular educational and career paths. A contribution to both the history of science and intellectual history, The Measure of Merit illuminates the shadow languages of inequality that have haunted the American and French republics since their inceptions.
Author: Michael P. Fitzsimmons Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0190644559 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 281
Book Description
As the tricolor rose over revolutionary France, language, with its ability to define ideals and allegiances, was both a threat to authority and weapon to be wielded. In the early years of the Republic, the Académie Française, the royal body responsible for the French language, was suppressed by the National Convention at the urging of the Abbé Grégoire and the artist Jacques-Louis David. However, by 1795, the National Convention recognized that language could be used to its advantage, leading it to commission a fifth edition of the Dictionnaire de l'Académie française, which would unquestionably become the most controversial edition in the Académie's history. The National Convention expected this dictionary to champion the ideals of Revolution and Republic, but when it appeared three years later it did quite the opposite. Instead, the fifth edition virtually ignored the Revolution and the linguistic innovations that had transformed the French language, even omitting two of the most famous and enduring neologisms spawned by the Revolution--ancien régime and Terror. Present-tense definitions of abolished institutions and anachronistic values dominated the work and the Revolution was consigned to a brief and hastily-prepared supplement at the end of the second volume. Because of its failure to capture the current state of the French language, most contemporaries judged it harshly, and its deficiencies led the Parisian publisher Nicolas Moutardier to publish a competing dictionary in 1802. The dictionary became the focus of protracted litigation that Napoleon Bonaparte's government increasingly used to assert its control over language. Indeed, Bonaparte met personally with the commission of the Institut National (the republican successor to the Académie) and made clear his desire that the new edition not contain revolutionary neologisms. Eager to see the new edition appear, the Bonapartist regime committed financial resources and established a timetable for its completion within five years. However, it was only in 1835, after the fall of Bonaparte and the Bourbons, that the sixth edition would appear. Although the Académie was one of the most prominent institutions under the Old Regime, scholarship on the Académie remains largely neglected. Drawing on previously untapped sources in the Archives de l'Institut and Archives Nationales, The Place of Words is the first book-length study of the controversial fifth edition of the Dictionnaire de l'Académie française. Spanning more than half a century of changing regimes, this study provides unique insight into the ways in which each government, from the publication of the fourth edition in 1762 to the sixth in 1835, viewed the role of language as an instrument of control.
Author: Penelope E. Brown Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1135872007 Category : Literary Criticism Languages : en Pages : 500
Book Description
These books are the first full-length, comprehensive study written in English of French children’s literature. They provide both an overview of developments from the seventeenth century to the present day and detailed discussion of texts that are representative, innovative, or influential best-sellers in their own time and beyond. French children’s literature is little known in the English-speaking world and, apart from a small number of writers and texts, has been relatively neglected in scholarly studies, despite the prominence of the study of children’s literature as a discipline. This project is groundbreaking in its coverage of a wide range of genres, tracing the evolution of children’s books in France from early courtesy books, fables and fairy tales, to eighteenth-century moral tales and educational drama, nineteenth-century novels of domestic realism and adventure stories and contemporary detective fiction and fantasy novels. The discussion traces the relationship between children’s literature and social change, revealing the extent to which children’s books were informed by pedagogical, moral, religious and political agenda and explores the implications of the dual imperatives of instruction and amusement which have underpinned writing for young readers throughout the centuries.
Author: Winfried Busse Publisher: John Benjamins Publishing ISBN: 9027279403 Category : Philosophy Languages : en Pages : 422
Book Description
Le présent volume réunit les contributions d’un colloque sur la pensée sémiotique et linguistique des Idéologues qui s’est tenu à Berlin du 3 au 5 octobre 1983. Ce recueil d’articles fait suite à un fascicule de la revue Histoire Epistémologie Langage qui était consacré au même sujet et dont il complète et amplifie les perspectives en ce qui concerne la portée européenne de la discussion. Le volume manifeste l’intérêt que beaucoup d’entre nous portent, surtout dans les sciences du langage, à ces philosophes longtemps négligés par l’histoire de la pensée.
Author: Doina Pasca Harsanyi Publisher: Penn State Press ISBN: 0271036370 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 218
Book Description
"Examines the American experience of a group of French liberal aristocrats who had participated in the early years of the French Revolution and subsequently lived as political refugees in Philadelphia from 1793 to 1798"--Provided by publisher.
Author: Richard D. Sonn Publisher: Penn State Press ISBN: 0271036648 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 220
Book Description
"A study of anarchism in twentieth-century France during the interwar years. Focuses on anarchist demands for personal autonomy and sexual liberation. Argues that these ideals, as well as anarchist hatred of the government, found favor with members of the artistic avant-garde, especially the surrealists"--Provided by publisher.
Author: Michael Tugendhat Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 0198790996 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 273
Book Description
Providing a short history of human rights from the eighteenth century to present day, this book traces English Common Law through the French and American declarations of rights, identifying rights which evolved from the English law and politics of the fifteenth century, and which are recognised in the human rights law we see today.
Author: Adrian O'Connor Publisher: Manchester University Press ISBN: 1526120585 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 346
Book Description
This study offers a new interpretation of the debates over education and politics in the early years of the French Revolution. Following these debates from the 1760s to the Terror (1793–94) and putting well-known works in dialogue with previously neglected sources, it situates education at the centre of revolutionary contests over citizenship, participatory politics and representative government. The book takes up education’s role in a dramatic period of uncertainty and upheaval, anxiety and ambition. It traces the convergence of philosophical, political, ideological and practical concerns in Ancien Régime debates and revolutionary attempts to reform education and remake society. In doing so, it provides new insight into the relationship between the Enlightenment and the French Revolution and sheds light on how revolutionary legislators and ordinary citizens worked to make a new sort of politics possible in eighteenth-century France.
Author: R.L. Williams
Author: R.L. Williams
Author: Thomas Jefferson
Author: John Carson
Author: Michael P. Fitzsimmons
Author: Penelope E. Brown
Author: Winfried Busse
Author: Doina Pasca Harsanyi
Author: Richard D. Sonn
Author: Michael Tugendhat
Author: Adrian O'Connor