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Author: Hiwot Teshome Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783659772573 Category : Languages : en Pages : 68
Book Description
It is known that agricultural producers around the world are exposed to a variety of income uncertainties, both market related such as price variations, as well as non-market related, unstable weather patterns. It is well known that these uncertainties induce significant income risks, particularly detrimental to small and/or poor producers in developing countries. Over the years, a range of risk management strategies have been used to reduce, or to assist smallholder farmers to absorb, some of agricultural risks. Since insurance is potentially an important instrument to transfer part of the risks, this study try to assess weather related risks faced on smallholder farmers and their demand for the rainfall risk insurance. This book is addressing smallholder farmers' in Ethiopia whose livelihood is depend on agriculture, and are suffering from climate related risks.
Author: Hiwot Teshome Publisher: LAP Lambert Academic Publishing ISBN: 9783659772573 Category : Languages : en Pages : 68
Book Description
It is known that agricultural producers around the world are exposed to a variety of income uncertainties, both market related such as price variations, as well as non-market related, unstable weather patterns. It is well known that these uncertainties induce significant income risks, particularly detrimental to small and/or poor producers in developing countries. Over the years, a range of risk management strategies have been used to reduce, or to assist smallholder farmers to absorb, some of agricultural risks. Since insurance is potentially an important instrument to transfer part of the risks, this study try to assess weather related risks faced on smallholder farmers and their demand for the rainfall risk insurance. This book is addressing smallholder farmers' in Ethiopia whose livelihood is depend on agriculture, and are suffering from climate related risks.
Author: Ceballos, Francisco Publisher: Intl Food Policy Res Inst ISBN: Category : Political Science Languages : en Pages : 48
Book Description
This paper develops a novel methodology to estimate the degree of spatial basis risk for an arbitrary rainfall index insurance instrument. It relies on a widelyused stochastic rainfall generator, extendedto accommodate nontraditional dependence patterns—in particular spatial upper-tail dependence in rainfall—through a copula function. The methodology is applied to a recentlylaunched index product insuring against excess rainfall in Uruguay. The model is first calibrated using historical daily rainfall data from the national network of weather stations, complemented with a unique,high-resolution dataset from a dense network of 34 automatic weather stations around the study area. The degree of downside spatial basis risk is then estimated by Monte Carlo simulations and the results are linked to both a theoretical model of the demand for index insurance and to farmers’ perceptions about the product.
Author: Xianglin Liu Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 87
Book Description
In this dissertation, I present three essays studying agricultural insurance in both developing and developed countries. Farmers face numerous risks including production, price, financial, etc. In response, farmers may seek agricultural insurance to cover some of these risks. Different questions of rainfall insurance and crop insurance are considered in this dissertation, and natural experiment and Propensity Score Matching method are applied in measuring the impact a “treatment” on insurance participation rates for farmers. Chapter 1 is an extensive review of China’s agricultural insurance market. I first summarize the history of the market for agricultural insurance in China, which between 2007 and 2013 grew an average of 30% annually and is now the second largest market in the world. I then review major agricultural insurance programs introduced by the Chinese government during this period. I also identify the major challenges that have to be overcome to further develop agricultural insurance in China, and discuss reforms that have been proposed to address them. In Chapter 2, I estimate farmers’ willingness to pay (WTP) for a hypothetical rainfall index insurance product, with a special interest in whether recent experience with a natural disaster increases the WTP. My findings are based on a survey of small farm households in China’s Heilongjiang Province, which suffered a large flood in the summer of 2013. I find a significantly higher propensity to purchase rainfall index insurance for farmers who experienced the flood in 2013 than farmers who did not. I also find a much higher WTP for rainfall index insurance for farmers affected by the flood. My findings imply that past experience in major disasters could alter farmers’ risk perception and lead to a higher demand for risk management tools such as crop insurance. In Chapter 3, I examine whether U.S. farmers using fixed-cash lease are more likely to purchase federal crop insurance (FCI). Farmland rental lease choice plays a significant role in farm management decision making. Fixed-cash agreement has become the most widely used leasing contract in the United States, despite the fact that it is riskier than other types of farmland leasing contracts. A propensity score matching method is used to compare FCI participation rate between farmers under fixed-cash rental contract and farmers under other types of leasing arrangement. By analyzing a farm-level national survey data, the results show that using fixed-cash rental agreement significantly increases FCI participation rate, providing evidence that FCI is adopted by farmers as an effective risk management tool to reduce production risks.
Author: Stephen Jewson Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139444514 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 393
Book Description
Originally published in 2005, Weather Derivative Valuation covers all the meteorological, statistical, financial and mathematical issues that arise in the pricing and risk management of weather derivatives. There are chapters on meteorological data and data cleaning, the modelling and pricing of single weather derivatives, the modelling and valuation of portfolios, the use of weather and seasonal forecasts in the pricing of weather derivatives, arbitrage pricing for weather derivatives, risk management, and the modelling of temperature, wind and precipitation. Specific issues covered in detail include the analysis of uncertainty in weather derivative pricing, time-series modelling of daily temperatures, the creation and use of probabilistic meteorological forecasts and the derivation of the weather derivative version of the Black-Scholes equation of mathematical finance. Written by consultants who work within the weather derivative industry, this book is packed with practical information and theoretical insight into the world of weather derivative pricing.
Author: Sam Fankhauser Publisher: Edward Elgar Publishing ISBN: 1785360310 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 246
Book Description
Some climate change is now inevitable and strategies to adapt to these changes are quickly developing. The question is particularly paramount for low-income countries, which are likely to be most affected. This timely and unique book takes an integrated look at the twin challenges of climate change and development. The book treats adaptation to climate change as an issue of climate-resilient development, rather than as a bespoke set of activities (flood defences, drought plans, and so on), combining climate and development challenges into a single strategy. It asks how the standard approaches to development need to change, and what socio-economic trends and urbanisation mean for the vulnerability of developing countries to climate risks. Combining conceptual thinking with practical policy prescriptions and experience the contributors argue that, to address these questions, climate risk has to be embedded fully into wider development strategies
Author: Luc J. Christiaensen Publisher: Food & Agriculture Org. ISBN: 9789251058114 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 236
Book Description
This report has two objectives. It assesses the nature and the extent of vulnerability among rural households in Tanzania with a particular focus on smallholder cash crop growers though exploring all risks, including the decline in commodity prices. It further explores the potential role for market based insurance schemes such as commodity price and weather based insurance to mitigate household vulnerability. The empirical analysis is based on two rounds of specifically designed representative surveys of farm households in Kilimanjaro and Ruvuma, two cash crop growing regions in the United Republic of Tanzania in 2003 and 2004. The contrasting experiences of a richer (Kilimanjaro) and a poorer (Ruvuma) region substantially enriches the policy guidance emerging from the report. The report applies descriptive, econometric and contingent valuation techniques to achieve its objectives.
Author: Howard C. Kunreuther Publisher: MIT Press ISBN: 0262291525 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 439
Book Description
Innovative, long-term strategies for reducing vulnerability to large-scale natural disasters and for providing financial support for disaster victims. The United States and other nations are facing large-scale risks at an accelerating rhythm. In 2005, three major hurricanes—Katrina, Rita, and Wilma—made landfall along the U.S. Gulf Coast within a six-week period. The damage caused by these storms led to insurance reimbursements and federal disaster relief of more than $180 billion—a record sum. Today we are more vulnerable to catastrophic losses because of the increasing concentration of population and activities in high-risk coastal regions of the country. The question is not whether but when, and how frequently, future catastrophes will strike and the extent of damages they will cause. Who should pay the costs associated with catastrophic losses suffered by homeowners in hazard-prone areas? In At War with the Weather, Howard Kunreuther and Erwann Michel-Kerjan with their colleagues deliver a groundbreaking analysis of how we currently mitigate, insure against, and finance recovery from natural disasters in the United States. They offer innovative, long-term solutions for reducing losses and providing financial support for disaster victims that define a coherent strategy to assure sustainable recovery from future large-scale disasters. The amount of data collected and analyzed and innovations proposed make this the most comprehensive book written on these critical issues in the past thirty years.
Author: National Research Council Publisher: National Academies Press ISBN: 030917340X Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 189
Book Description
El Nino has been with us for centuries, but now we can forcast it, and thus can prepare far in advance for the extreme climatic events it brings. The emerging ability to forecast climate may be of tremendous value to humanity if we learn how to use the information well. How does society cope with seasonal-to-interannual climatic variations? How have climate forecasts been usedâ€"and how useful have they been? What kinds of forecast information are needed? Who is likely to benefit from forecasting skill? What are the benefits of better forecasting? This book reviews what we know about these and other questions and identifies research directions toward more useful seasonal-to-interannual climate forecasts. In approaching their recommendations, the panel explores: Vulnerability of human activities to climate. State of the science of climate forecasting. How societies coevolved with their climates and cope with variations in climate. How climate information should be disseminated to achieve the best response. How we can use forecasting to better manage the human consequences of climate change.
Author: Stephane Hallegatte Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 1464806748 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 227
Book Description
Ending poverty and stabilizing climate change will be two unprecedented global achievements and two major steps toward sustainable development. But the two objectives cannot be considered in isolation: they need to be jointly tackled through an integrated strategy. This report brings together those two objectives and explores how they can more easily be achieved if considered together. It examines the potential impact of climate change and climate policies on poverty reduction. It also provides guidance on how to create a “win-win†? situation so that climate change policies contribute to poverty reduction and poverty-reduction policies contribute to climate change mitigation and resilience building. The key finding of the report is that climate change represents a significant obstacle to the sustained eradication of poverty, but future impacts on poverty are determined by policy choices: rapid, inclusive, and climate-informed development can prevent most short-term impacts whereas immediate pro-poor, emissions-reduction policies can drastically limit long-term ones.
Author: Olivier Mahul Publisher: World Bank Publications ISBN: 0821382195 Category : Business & Economics Languages : en Pages : 250
Book Description
Governments in developing countries have been increasingly involved in the support of agricultural (crop and livestock) insurance programs in recent years. In their attempts to design and implement agricultural insurance, they have sought technical and financial assistance from the international community and particularly from the World Bank. One of the recurrent requests from governments regards international experience with agricultural insurance, not only in developed countries, where in some cases agricultural insurance has been offered for more than a century, but also in middleand low-income countries. Governments are particularly interested in the technical, operational, financial, and institutional aspects of public support to agricultural insurance. 'Government Support to Agricultural Insurance' informs public and private decision makers involved in agricultural insurance about recent developments, with a particular focus on middle- and low-income countries. It presents an updated picture of the spectrum of institutional frameworks and experiences with agricultural insurance, ranging from countries in which the public sector provides no support to those in which governments heavily subsidize agricultural insurance. This analysis is based on a survey conducted by the World Bank s agricultural insurance team in 2008 in 65 developed and developing countries. Drawing on the survey results, the book identifies some key roles governments can play to support the development of sustainable, affordable, and cost-effective agricultural insurance programs.
Author: Hiwot Teshome
Author: Hiwot Teshome
Author: Ceballos, Francisco
Author: Xianglin Liu
Author: Stephen Jewson
Author: Sam Fankhauser
Author: Luc J. Christiaensen
Author: Howard C. Kunreuther
Author: National Research Council
Author: Stephane Hallegatte
Author: Olivier Mahul