Radioactive Waste in the Nordic and Far East Seas; a Soviet Legacy with International Environmental and National Security Repercussions PDF Download
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Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 41
Book Description
Between 1959 and 1991, the Soviet Union engaged in an aggressive initiative to design, develop, and deploy nuclear weapons and nuclear power programs in support of national security objectives. The single-minded approach of the Soviet's nuclear effort, and the urgency of their developments rejected any considerations of cost: financial, human, or environmental. As a result, radioactive waste management received virtually no attention, and nuclear waste disposal was conducted in a criminally negligent fashion. Deliberate dumping of numerous Soviet civilian and military nuclear reactors into the Northern and Far East Seas; radioactive waste leak-off from Russian nuclear reactors like those at Silamae and Paldiski, Estonia, into the Baltic Sea; and liquid/solid radioactive waste dumping into several of the world's oceans have created an environmental legacy that will affect all nations who use those waters for commerce, transportation, and recreation. Despite a growing body of evidence that unimpeded radioactive waste dumping is ecologically unsafe, the existence of several prohibitory international treaties to which the USSR/Russian Federation has agreed, and an expanding list of nuclear reactor accidents, the Russian Federation has elected to continue operating the nuclear power program it inherited from the Soviet Union in a "business as usual" manner. Continued Russian radioactive waste dumping at sea will provoke regional tensions amongst the Arctic countries, exacerbate tenant/landlord relationships and fears within the former Soviet Republics in the Baltics, and force aggressive Japanese economic and defense counteraction in the Far East. A clear understanding of the sources of Soviet and Russian radioactive pollution, the international legal framework on nuclear waste dumping, and scientific assessments of its ecological impacts will allow the U.S. to determine what policy initiatives it will pursue to resolve the issue of Russian nuclear waste dumping at sea.
Author: Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 41
Book Description
Between 1959 and 1991, the Soviet Union engaged in an aggressive initiative to design, develop, and deploy nuclear weapons and nuclear power programs in support of national security objectives. The single-minded approach of the Soviet's nuclear effort, and the urgency of their developments rejected any considerations of cost: financial, human, or environmental. As a result, radioactive waste management received virtually no attention, and nuclear waste disposal was conducted in a criminally negligent fashion. Deliberate dumping of numerous Soviet civilian and military nuclear reactors into the Northern and Far East Seas; radioactive waste leak-off from Russian nuclear reactors like those at Silamae and Paldiski, Estonia, into the Baltic Sea; and liquid/solid radioactive waste dumping into several of the world's oceans have created an environmental legacy that will affect all nations who use those waters for commerce, transportation, and recreation. Despite a growing body of evidence that unimpeded radioactive waste dumping is ecologically unsafe, the existence of several prohibitory international treaties to which the USSR/Russian Federation has agreed, and an expanding list of nuclear reactor accidents, the Russian Federation has elected to continue operating the nuclear power program it inherited from the Soviet Union in a "business as usual" manner. Continued Russian radioactive waste dumping at sea will provoke regional tensions amongst the Arctic countries, exacerbate tenant/landlord relationships and fears within the former Soviet Republics in the Baltics, and force aggressive Japanese economic and defense counteraction in the Far East. A clear understanding of the sources of Soviet and Russian radioactive pollution, the international legal framework on nuclear waste dumping, and scientific assessments of its ecological impacts will allow the U.S. to determine what policy initiatives it will pursue to resolve the issue of Russian nuclear waste dumping at sea.
Author: Publisher: DIANE Publishing ISBN: 1428920358 Category : Radioactive waste disposal Languages : en Pages : 245
Book Description
This report examines the environmental and human health impacts from wastes dumped into the Arctic and North Pacific regions, from nuclear contaminants discharged into these environments, and from radioactive releases from both past and future nuclear activities in the region. The report presents what is known and unknown about this waste and contamination and how it may affect public health. Because so many factors are involved and science cannot provide absolute answers to many questions, this study emphasizes the need for care, caution, awareness, and prudence. It also stresses the need for a stable and enduring institutional framework and international cooperation for long term observation and monitoring.
Author: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment Publisher: ISBN: Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 252
Book Description
Examines enviromental and human health impacts from wastes dumped in Arctic and North Pacific regions, from nuclear contaminants discharged into these environments, and from radioactive releases from both past and future nuclear activities in region.
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher: IAEA ISBN: 9789201147059 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 166
Book Description
The explosion on 26 April 1986 at the Chernobyl nuclear power plant and the consequent reactor fire resulted in an unprecedented release of radioactive material from a nuclear reactor and adverse consequences for the public and the environment. Although the accident occurred nearly two decades ago, controversy still surrounds the real impact of the disaster. Therefore the IAEA, in cooperation with other UN bodies, the World Bank, as well as the competent authorities of Belarus, the Russian Federation and Ukraine, established the Chernobyl Forum in 2003. The mission of the Forum was to generate 'authoritative consensual statements' on the environmental consequences and health effects attributable to radiation exposure arising from the accident as well as to provide advice on environmental remediation and special health care programmes, and to suggest areas in which further research is required. This report presents the findings and recommendations of the Chernobyl Forum concerning the environmental effects of the Chernobyl accident.
Author: Alyson J. K. Bailes Publisher: Oxford University Press ISBN: 9780199290840 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 460
Book Description
In 1999 the EU decided to develop its own military capacities for crisis management. This book brings together a group of experts to examine the consequences of this decision on Nordic policy establishments, as well as to shed new light on the defence and security issues that matter for Europe as a whole.
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency Publisher: International Atomic Energy Agency ISBN: 9789201007148 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 220
Book Description
This handbook provides generic parameter values for estimating the transfer of radionuclides from environmental media to wildlife for the purpose of assessing potential radiation exposure under equilibrium conditions. These data are intended for use where site specific data are either not available or not required, and to parameterize generic assessment models. They are based on a comprehensive review of the available literature, including many Russian language publications that have not previously been available in English. The publication addresses the limitations of the parameter values and the applicability of data. Some general background information on the assessment of potential impacts of radioactive releases on wildlife is also included. It complements the existing handbook in the same IAEA series with parameter to assess the radiological impact to humans.
Author: Linda Nowlan Publisher: IUCN ISBN: 9782831706375 Category : Law Languages : en Pages : 92
Book Description
For many years, concerns have been expressed about environmental issues in the Arctic. While the Arctic region, unlike Antarctica, has been inhabited for thousands of years, it is under unique threat because of its vulnerability toward resource exploitation and the deposition of various airborne pollutants. With its varied populations, and with eight Nations asserting territorial interests, the Arctic needs a careful approach to its protection and development. This report describes the current Arctic environmental legal regime. It also discusses the possibility of negotiating a sustainability treaty for the Arctic with high standards of environmental protection similar to those in the 1991 Protocol on Environmental Protection to the Antarctic Treaty. It is hoped that this review of the legal and policy contrasts between the Arctic and Antarctic can help in the consideration of future directions for the Arctic legal regime.
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II. Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 9780521634557 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 532
Book Description
Cambridge, UK : Cambridge University Press, 1998.
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Author: United States. Congress. Office of Technology Assessment
Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Author: Alyson J. K. Bailes
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Author: International Atomic Energy Agency
Author: Linda Nowlan
Author: Jorge Nef
Author: Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Working Group II.