Racial Microaggressions, Racial Identity, and Working Alliance in Cross-racial Counseling Supervision Relationships Between Black Supervisors and White Supervisees PDF Download

Author: Rachelle Redmond Barnes
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cross-cultural counseling
Languages : en
Pages : 162

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Book Description
"Racial microaggressions, a term that evolved from Pierce's (1970, 1978) research in the field of media studies, are subtle, yet offensive behaviors steeped in stereotypes of people of color (POC). These brief acts may not be intentional in nature, but have been found to be pervasive in the everyday lives of POC (Sue, Capodilupo et al., 2007). Racial microaggressions also have been found to arise in cross-racial counseling relationships (Constantine, 2007), cross-racial counseling supervision relationships (Constantine & Sue, 2007), and amongst faculty in counseling and counseling psychology programs (Constantine, Smith, Reddington, & Owens, 2008). Few empirical studies have given attention to the experiences of Black supervisors in cross-racial counseling supervision relationships with White supervisees. As the number of Black students entering doctoral counseling programs has increased, it has become increasingly important to further examine the experiences of Black counselor educators and supervisors in order to provide suggestions for handling issues that may arise in cross-racial counseling supervision relationships. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact perceptions of racial microaggressions and racial identity attitudes have on the supervisory working alliance. Thirty-four doctoral students and recent doctoral graduates of CACREP-accredited counseling programs participated in this study. Results indicated that Black supervisors who perceived, and were more bothered by, racial microaggressions in the supervisory relationship reported lower perceptions of the working alliance with White supervisees. Implications of the findings are presented and suggestions for future research are provided."--Abstract from author supplied metadata.

Author: Niyatee Sukumaran
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Cross-cultural counseling
Languages : en
Pages : 137

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Book Description
Supervision is considered to be a primary method of clinical instruction (Holloway, 1992), which serves as a foundation to train supervisees and to ensure the provision of appropriate and culturally sensitive client care. While the representation of supervisees of color in the field of psychology is continuing to increase, it appears important to recognize multicultural issues (e.g., racial microaggressions) as it exists and/or emerges in cross-racial supervision. Although less is known about how racial microaggressions influence supervisees of color, the purpose of this study was to investigate how experiences of racial microaggressions affects the supervisory working alliance, their perceptions of their supervisors’ multicultural competence, and supervisee outcome variables (i.e., counseling and multicultural counseling self-efficacy) in cross-racial supervision. The results showed that perceived supervisor multicultural competence partially mediated the relationship between racial microaggressions and supervisory working alliance. Both, supervisory working alliance and perceived supervisor multicultural competence fully mediated the relationship between racial microaggressions and multicultural counseling self-efficacy. However, no support for the mediation was found in this sample for counseling self-efficacy. Limitation, implications and future directions are discussed.

Author: Candice R. Crawford
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : African American supervisors
Languages : en
Pages :

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Book Description
As the counseling field continues to become more diverse (CACREP, 2018; NSF, 2016), there is an increase in literature that explores the cross-cultural or cross-racial interactions in counseling and supervision. However, the literature is scarce with research that focuses on the Black supervisor working cross-racially, with literature mainly focusing on the White supervisor working cross-racially or cross-culturally (Constantine, 2007; Ratts, Singh, Butler, Nassar- McMillan, & McCullough, 2016; Wong, Wong, & Ishiyama, 2013). Due to the paucity of research exploring cross-racial interactions in supervision from the perspective of the Black supervisor, this study served to address the gap in literature. A general qualitative research design was applied to answer the research question: How do Black supervisors working crossracially with White supervisees describe their experience in supervision? This study employed two rounds of semi-structured interviews with the 12 participants who identified as Black, completed a supervision course in a CACREP-accredited program, had at least one year of supervisory experience, and have worked with a White supervisee. Utilizing Critical Race Theory as a theoretical guide to analyze the data, the researcher developed three themes: “I Can’t Run from Being Black:” The Salience of Racial Identity Amongst Black Supervisors; “I Have to Make People Feel Safe:” Methods and Precautions Taken to Maintain Safety in Supervision; and “Is It Because I’m Black?” Perceptions and Impact of Race and Racism. These themes all underscore the importance of race in supervision for the Black supervisors. A discussion of the results, implications for counselor education, and suggestions for future research are also presented.

Author: Elizabeth M. Altmaier
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0195342313
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 960

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Book Description
Recognized experts in theory, research, and practice review and analyze historical achievements in research and practice from counseling psychology as well as outline exciting agendas for the near-future for the newest domains of proficiencies and expertise.

Author: C. Edward Watkins, Jr.
Publisher: John Wiley & Sons
ISBN: 1118846346
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 841

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Book Description
This is the first handbook to examine the theory, research, and practice of clinical supervision from an international, multi-disciplinary perspective. Focuses on conceptual and research foundations, practice foundations, core skills, measuring competence, and supervision perspectives Includes original articles by contributors from around the world, including Australia, Finland, Hong Kong, Slovenia, South Africa, Sweden, the United Kingdom, and the United States Addresses key aspects of supervision, including competency frameworks, evidence-based practice, supervisory alliances, qualitative and quantitative assessment, diversity-sensitive supervision, and more Features timely and authoritative coverage of the latest research in the field and novel ideas for clinical practice

Author: Robin L. Beaumont
Publisher:
ISBN: 9781109575477
Category :
Languages : en
Pages : 108

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Book Description
Supervision provides an important opportunity for supervisees to develop clinical and cultural competence. Specifically, a supervisor who is multiculturally competent can guide the supervisee in the development of awareness and knowledge of multicultural factors and the translation of these into applied cultural skills (Ancis & Ladany, 2001; Ladany, Brittan-Powell, & Pannu, 1997). Relatedly, research studies have recognized a connection between supervisor behavior regarding multicultural issues and process issues related to supervision. Particularly, that supervisor behavior regarding multicultural issues have a significant influence on the supervisory working alliance (Fukuyama, 1994; Inman, 2006), supervisee rates of non-disclosure (Burkard et al, 2006; Constantine & Sue, 2007), and supervisee perception of his or her own multicultural competence (Burkard et al., 2006; Fukuyama, 1994; Inman, 2006). Although these studies have assessed how the perception of multicultural competence in supervisors affects some aspects of supervisory process and outcome, they have not addressed the impact of all variables in combination, nor have the studies addressed these variables with supervisees from both minority and non-minority racial backgrounds. Furthermore, while research has examined the impact of racial microaggressions on supervisees of Color (Constantine & Sue, 2007), little attention has been given to impact on White supervisees. Thus, this study attempts to fill these gaps in supervisory research by deepening our understanding regarding how supervisees of Color are impacted by racial microaggression and increasing knowledge about how White supervisees might be vicariously impacted by his or her supervisor's racially insensitive remarks regarding the White supervisee's clients of Color. The overall purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between two predictors (supervisor multicultural competence, racial microaggressions) and three criterion variables (supervisee multicultural competence, working alliance, and trainee disclosure) across a sample of White supervisees and supervisees of Color. Through an online survey, One hundred and eight participants completed five measures, namely, the Supervisor Multicultural Competency Inventory (SMCI; Inman, 2005), the Racial Microaggressions in Supervision Checklist (Constantine & Sue, 2007) the Cross Cultural Competency Inventory-Revised (CCCI-R; LaFromboise, Coleman, & Hernandez, 1991),the Working Alliance Inventory Short Form (WAI-S; Tracey & Kokotovic, 1989), and the Trainee Disclosure Scale (TDS; Walker, Ladany, & Pate-Carolan, 2007). In addition to demographic information a racial identity scale (Ladany, Brittan-Powell, & Pannu, 1997) was utilized to explore the data for a potential confound arising from the supervisee's racial identity status. The data were analyzed using multivariate multiple regression analysis. Results revealed no significant group differences for supervisees of Color and White supervisees between the reported influences of the perception of supervisor multicultural competence and racial microaggression upon the supervisees' perception of growth as a cultural clinician, supervisory working alliance, and the rate of disclosure within supervision, providing preliminary support for the impact of vicarious racism for White supervisees. The racial identity scale was significantly correlated to the supervisee's perceptions of supervisor multicultural competence, growth as a cultural clinician and the rate of disclosure within supervision. Multivariate regression analyses conducted on the full model, for the total sample, revealed that the overall proportion of variance in supervisor multicultural competence (SMCI) and occurrence of racial microaggression (RMAG) accounted for by a combination of supervisee perception of supervisory working alliance (WAIS), perception of growth in cultural clinical competence (CCCI-R), and perception of supervisee nondisclosure (TDS) was significant. Specifically, as the perception of supervisor multicultural competence increased the strength of the working alliance increased, the perception of growth as a culturally competent clinician increased, and the rate of disclosure also increased. Furthermore, as incidences of racial microaggression increased, the strength of the working alliance weakened and there was a reduction of trainee disclosure. However, there was no significant relationship between racial microaggression and supervisees' perception of growth as a cultural clinician. The results from this study provide further confirmation of the importance of supervisor multicultural competence and its influence on supervisee cultural development and how the occurrence of racial microaggressions within supervision affects the supervisory process and outcome.

Author: Christine Suniti Bhat
Publisher:
ISBN:
Category : Supervisors
Languages : en
Pages : 510

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Book Description
The aim of this study is to examine associations between racial matching, racial identity interactions and working alliance in supervisory dyads. Supervisors' perspectives are examined to determine relationships between racial identity interactions and racial matching of supervisors and supervisees, and the goal, task and emotional bond components of the supervisory working alliance. Participants were licensed professional counselors holding supervisors' registration with the state of Ohio's Counselor and Social Worker Board. Data were collected using questionnaires to assess: (1) supervisors' racial identity development (Whites or People of Color instrument), (2) the racial identity development of one of their supervisees (Whites or People of Color instrument), (3) supervisors' perspectives on the supervisory working alliance (goal, task and emotional bond components), and (4) demographic profiles (including race of supervisor and supervisee). On the basis of racial identity interaction, four groups of supervisory dyads were formed: progressive, parallel high, parallel low, and regressive. Four groups were also formed on the basis of race of supervisor and supervisee in each dyad: W-W (both supervisor and supervisee White), POC-POC (both People of Color), W-POC (supervisor White and supervisee POC) and POC-W (supervisor POC and supervisee White). Data were analyzed utilizing multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA).

Author: Chalmer E. Thompson
Publisher: Routledge
ISBN: 113580799X
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 293

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Book Description
Racial identity theories have been in the psychological literature for nearly thirty years. Unlike most references to racial identity, however, Thompson and Carter demonstrate the value of integrating RACE and IDENTITY as systematic components of human functioning. The editors and their contributors show how the infusion of racial identity theory with other psychological models can successfully yield more holistic considerations of client functioning and well-being. Fully respecting the mutual influence of personal and environmental factors to explanations of individual and group functioning, they apply complex theoretical notions to real-life cases in psychological practice. These authors contend that race is a pervasive and formidable force in society that affects the development and functioning of individuals and groups. In a recursive fashion, individuals and groups influence and, indeed, nurture the notion of race and societal racism. Arguing that mental health practitioners are in key, influential positions to pierce this cycle, the authors provide evidence of how meaningful change can occur when racial identity theory is integrated into interventions that attempt to diminish the distress people experience in their lives. The interventions illustrated in this volume are applied in various contexts, including psychotherapy and counseling, supervision, family therapy, support groups, and organizational and institutional environments. This book can serve the needs and interests of advanced-level students and professionals in all mental health fields, as well as researchers and scholars in such disciplines as organizational management and forensic psychology. It can also be of value to anyone interested in the systematic implementation of strategies to overcome problems of race.

Author: Monnica T. Williams
Publisher: Oxford University Press
ISBN: 0190875240
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 208

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Book Description
Microaggressions have been identified as a common and troubling cause of low retention and poor psychotherapy outcomes for people of color. All therapists want and intend to be helpful to their clients, but many unknowingly committing microaggressions due to unconscious biases and misconceptions about people from ethnic and racial minority groups. Managing Microaggressions is intended for mental health clinicians who want to be more effective in their use of evidence-based practices with people of color. Many well-intentioned clinicians lack the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively engage those who are ethnoracially different. This book discusses the theoretical basis of the problem (microaggressions), the cognitive-behavioral mechanisms by which the problem is maintained, and how to remedy the problem using CBT principles, with a focus on the role of the therapist. Not only will readers learn how to avoid offending or harming their clients, they will also be better equipped to help clients navigate microaggressions they encounter in their daily lives. Managing Microaggressions will endow clinicians with a clear understanding of these behaviors and the errors that underpin them, leading to more successful therapy.

Author: Kevin L. Nadal
Publisher: Concise Guides on Trauma Care
ISBN: 9781433828591
Category : Psychology
Languages : en
Pages : 0

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Book Description
Challenging current definitions of trauma, this brief but comprehensive volume features significant new research and case studies looking at how regular exposure to subtle social discrimination in the form of microaggressions can, over time, elicit similar symptoms to severe trauma.