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Author: Kaveh Niazi Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400769997 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 199
Book Description
As a leading scientist of the 13th century C. E. Quṭb al-Dīn Shīrāzī wrote three substantial works on hay’a (or the configuration of the celestial orbs): Nihāyat al-idrāk fī dirāyat al-aflāk (“The Limits of Attainment in the Understanding of the Heavens”), al-Tuḥfa al-shāhīya fī ‘ilm al-hay’a (“The Royal Offering Regarding the Knowledge of the Configuration of the Heavens”), and Ikhtīyārāt-i Muẓaffarī (“The Muẓaffarī Elections”). Completed in less than four years and written in two of the classical languages of the Islamic world, Arabic and Persian, these works provide a fascinating window to the astronomical research carried out in Ilkhanid Persia. Shīrāzī and his colleagues were driven by their desire to rid Ptolemaic astronomy from its perceived shortcomings. An intriguing trail of revisions and emendations in Shīrāzī’s hay’a texts serves to highlight both those features of Shīrāzī's astronomy that were inherited from his predecessors, as well as his original contributions to this branch of astronomical research. As a renowned savant, Shīrāzī spent a large portion of his career near centers of political power in Persia and Anatolia. A study of his scientific output and career as a scholar is an opportunity, therefore, for an examination of the patronage of science and of scientific works within the Ilkhanid realms. Not only was this patronage important to the work of scholars such as Shīrāzī but it was critical to the founding and operation of one of the foremost scientific institutions of the medieval Islamic world, the Marāgha observatory. The astronomical tradition in which Shīrāzī carried out his research has many links, as well, to the astronomy of Early Modern Europe, as can be seen in the astronomical models of Copernicus.
Author: Kaveh Niazi Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 9400769997 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 199
Book Description
As a leading scientist of the 13th century C. E. Quṭb al-Dīn Shīrāzī wrote three substantial works on hay’a (or the configuration of the celestial orbs): Nihāyat al-idrāk fī dirāyat al-aflāk (“The Limits of Attainment in the Understanding of the Heavens”), al-Tuḥfa al-shāhīya fī ‘ilm al-hay’a (“The Royal Offering Regarding the Knowledge of the Configuration of the Heavens”), and Ikhtīyārāt-i Muẓaffarī (“The Muẓaffarī Elections”). Completed in less than four years and written in two of the classical languages of the Islamic world, Arabic and Persian, these works provide a fascinating window to the astronomical research carried out in Ilkhanid Persia. Shīrāzī and his colleagues were driven by their desire to rid Ptolemaic astronomy from its perceived shortcomings. An intriguing trail of revisions and emendations in Shīrāzī’s hay’a texts serves to highlight both those features of Shīrāzī's astronomy that were inherited from his predecessors, as well as his original contributions to this branch of astronomical research. As a renowned savant, Shīrāzī spent a large portion of his career near centers of political power in Persia and Anatolia. A study of his scientific output and career as a scholar is an opportunity, therefore, for an examination of the patronage of science and of scientific works within the Ilkhanid realms. Not only was this patronage important to the work of scholars such as Shīrāzī but it was critical to the founding and operation of one of the foremost scientific institutions of the medieval Islamic world, the Marāgha observatory. The astronomical tradition in which Shīrāzī carried out his research has many links, as well, to the astronomy of Early Modern Europe, as can be seen in the astronomical models of Copernicus.
Author: Bruno De Nicola Publisher: Edinburgh University Press ISBN: 1474415490 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 304
Book Description
This book shows the development of women's status in the Mongol Empire from its original homeland in Mongolia up to the end of the Ilkhanate of Iran in 1335. Taking a thematic approach, the chapters show a coherent progression of this development and contextualise the evolution of the role of women in medieval Mongol society. The arrangement serves as a starting point from where to draw comparison with the status of Mongol women in the later period. Exploring patterns of continuity and transformation in the status of these women in different periods of the Mongol Empire as it expanded westwards into the Islamic world, the book offers a view on the transformation of a nomadic-shamanist society from its original homeland in Mongolia to its settlement in the mostly sedentary-Muslim Iran in the mid-13th century.
Author: Kaveh Farzad Niazi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
This dissertation analyzes the astronomical writings of Quṭb al-Dīn Shīrāzī, a well-known Persian scholar of the Ilkhanid era (i.e., the second half of the thirteenth century to the early decades of the fourteenth century C. E.). The sustained attempts, by scientists of the Islamic world to rid Ptolemaic astronomy from what they considered its many non-physical characteristics was the driving force of the particularly productive genre of hay'a or the science of the configuration of the universe. All three of Shīrāzī's works that are studied in this thesis belong to this genre of astronomical writing. These works are the Nihāyat al-idrāk fī dirāyat al-aflāk (1281 C. E.), al-Tuḥfa al-shāhīya fī 'ilm al-hay'a (1285 C. E.), and the Ikhtīyārāt-i Muẓaffarī. This thesis highlights Shīrāzī's models for the upper planets, and their evolution over the period 1281 to 1285 C. E. A careful look at the models for the upper planets allows for a clearer view of the distinctions between these three substantial works and their relations to one another.
Author: Patrick Manning Publisher: University of Pittsburgh Press ISBN: 0822986272 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 383
Book Description
In the second millennium CE, long before English became the language of science in the twentieth century, the act of translation was crucial for understanding and disseminating knowledge and information across linguistic and geographic boundaries. This volume considers the complexities of knowledge exchange through the practice of translation over the course of a millennium, across fields of knowledge—cartography, health and medicine, material construction, astronomy—and a wide geographical range, from Eurasia to Africa and the Americas. Contributors literate in Arabic, Catalan, Chinese, Greek, Hebrew, Italian, Japanese, Latin, Minnan, Ottoman, and Persian explore the history of science in the context of world and global history, investigating global patterns and implications in a multilingual and increasingly interconnected world. Chapters reveal cosmopolitan networks of shared practice and knowledge about the natural world from 1000 to 1800 CE, emphasizing both evolving scientific exchange and the emergence of innovative science. By unraveling the role of translation in cross-cultural communication, Knowledge in Translation highlights key moments of transmission, insight, and critical interpretation across linguistic and faith communities.
Author: John W. Livingston Publisher: Routledge ISBN: 1351589253 Category : History Languages : en Pages : 797
Book Description
This is a study of science in Muslim society from its rise in the 8th century to the efforts of 19th-century Muslim thinkers and reformers to regain the lost ethos that had given birth to the rich scientific heritage of earlier Muslim civilization. The volume is organized in four parts; the rise of science in Muslim society in its historical setting of political and intellectual expansion; the Muslim creative achievement and original discoveries; proponents and opponents of science in a religiously oriented society; and finally the complex factors that account for the end of the 500-year Muslim renaissance. The book brings together and treats in depth, using primary and secondary sources in Arabic, Turkish and European languages, subjects that are lightly and uncritically brushed over in non-specialized literature, such as the question of what can be considered to be purely original scientific advancement in Muslim civilization over and above what was inherited from the Greco–Syriac and Indian traditions; what was the place of science in a religious society; and the question of the curious demise of the Muslim scientific renaissance after centuries of creativity. The book also interprets the history of the rise, achievement and decline of scientific study in light of the religious temper and of the political and socio-economic vicissitudes across Islamdom for over a millennium and integrates the Muslim legacy with the history of Latin/European accomplishments. It sets the stage for the next momentous transmission of science: from the West back to the Arabic-speaking world of Islam, from the last half of the 19th century to the early 21st century, the subject of a second volume.
Author: Bo Utas Publisher: Bloomsbury Publishing ISBN: 0755617800 Category : Literary Criticism Languages : en Pages : 600
Book Description
Volume V of A History of Persian Literature presents a broad survey of Persian prose: from biographical, historiographical, and didactic prose, to scientific manuals and works of popular prose fiction. It analyzes the rhetorical devices employed by writers in different periods in their philosophical and political discourse; or when their aim is primarily to entertain rather than to instruct , the chapters describe different techniques used to transform old stories and familiar tales into novel versions to entice their audience. Many of the texts in prose cited in the volume share a wealth of common lore and literary allusions with Persian poetry. Prose and poetry frequently appear on the same page in tandem. In different ways, therefore, this creative interplay demonstrates the perennial significance of intertextuality, from the earliest times to the present; and help us in the process to further our understanding and enhance our enjoyment of Persian literature in its different manifestations throughout history
Author: Fateme Savadi Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
"Works belonging to a specific astronomical genre of the pre-modern Islamic world called hayʼa often include a section called hayʼat al-arḍ. This section discusses the physical and geographical characteristics of the Earth as a physical, spherical body located at the center of the world in a stationary state, along with a discussion of the astronomical phenomena associated with this body. Even though it originally emerged and evolved within the context of the hayʼa tradition of theoretical astronomy, hayʼat al-arḍ sections contain various physical and geographical discussions. This thesis is aimed at defining hayʼat al-arḍ as a distinct genre of scientific geography and at showing how the development of this genre is central to any study of the evolution of not only the hayʼa tradition, but also the geographical and cosmographical traditions of the pre-modern Islamic world. Part I of the thesis contains four introductory chapters discussing different aspects of the hayʼat al-arḍ genre. Chapter 1 presents a review of the current literature and state of research. Chapter 2 provides a brief history of the formative period of the hayʿa and geography traditions in the 2nd–4th/7th–10th centuries in order to shed light on exchanges between these traditions. As a concrete case study, the hayʼat al-arḍ section of Quṭb al-Dīn Shīrāzī’s (d. 1311) Nihāyat al-idrāk fī dirāyat al-aflāk has been edited and translated into English. Hence, chapter 3 presents a study of Shīrāzī’s life and his hayʼa works. Finally, in chapter 4, the contents of hayʼat al-arḍ are discussed and analyzed with a focus on the Nihāya, the evolution of hayʼat al-arḍ, its sources, and its influence on similar Latin traditions and genres. The critical edition of the hayʼat al-arḍ section, that is, Book III of the Nihāya, constitutes Part II of the thesis, after an introduction describing the manuscripts and editorial procedures. Part III of the thesis presents an English translation of Book III of the Nihāya"--
Author: Kaveh Niazi
Author: Kaveh Niazi
Author: George Saliba
Author: Bruno De Nicola
Author: Kaveh Farzad Niazi
Author: Patrick Manning
Author: Kaveh Niazi
Author: Muzaffar Iqbal
Author: John W. Livingston
Author: Bo Utas
Author: Fateme Savadi