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Author: Leonhard Klar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : de Pages : 0
Book Description
In this work, we demonstrate how new theoretical concepts enable measurements of the signature of the QED vacuum nonlinearity beyond the background in collision experiments of all-optical high-intensity laser pulses. Using the vacuum emission picture, we develop the method of channel analysis of the signal. Based on these findings, we study two different experimental scenarios and identify discernible signals. In the first case, we consider the collision of two high-intensity laser pulses that differ only in their focus waist sizes. We present a numerical method to identify the regions where the signal dominates the background. Furthermore, we use this to investigate the behavior of the discernible signal, particularly with respect to the effects of the waist size of the probe beam. Of particular note, maximization of the measurable signal photons is not achieved by minimal focusing. This can be explained by the interplay of intensity in the interaction volume and decay behavior of the background in the far field. With the help of an elliptical cross section of the probe pulse, the signal can be further enhanced. Moreover, we show that a discernible signature of vacuum birefringence is achievable in the all-optical regime. In a second setup, elastic and inelastic photon-photon scattering mediated by the nonlinearity of the quantum vacuum is investigated. Based on a collision of four laser pulses of different oscillation frequencies, we observe signals in regions beyond the forward direction of the driving lasers as well as with frequencies beyond the laser frequencies. These features allow us to measure the signal beyond the background. The preceding channel analysis not only helps in the interpretation of the results, but it also allows effective amplification of the signal while maintaining experimental constraints.
Author: Leonhard Klar Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : de Pages : 0
Book Description
In this work, we demonstrate how new theoretical concepts enable measurements of the signature of the QED vacuum nonlinearity beyond the background in collision experiments of all-optical high-intensity laser pulses. Using the vacuum emission picture, we develop the method of channel analysis of the signal. Based on these findings, we study two different experimental scenarios and identify discernible signals. In the first case, we consider the collision of two high-intensity laser pulses that differ only in their focus waist sizes. We present a numerical method to identify the regions where the signal dominates the background. Furthermore, we use this to investigate the behavior of the discernible signal, particularly with respect to the effects of the waist size of the probe beam. Of particular note, maximization of the measurable signal photons is not achieved by minimal focusing. This can be explained by the interplay of intensity in the interaction volume and decay behavior of the background in the far field. With the help of an elliptical cross section of the probe pulse, the signal can be further enhanced. Moreover, we show that a discernible signature of vacuum birefringence is achievable in the all-optical regime. In a second setup, elastic and inelastic photon-photon scattering mediated by the nonlinearity of the quantum vacuum is investigated. Based on a collision of four laser pulses of different oscillation frequencies, we observe signals in regions beyond the forward direction of the driving lasers as well as with frequencies beyond the laser frequencies. These features allow us to measure the signal beyond the background. The preceding channel analysis not only helps in the interpretation of the results, but it also allows effective amplification of the signal while maintaining experimental constraints.
Author: Felix Karbstein Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages : 0
Book Description
The physical vacuum of a relativistic quantum field theory amounts to a non-trivial quantum state. It encodes information about the full particle content of the underlying microscopic theory in the form of virtual processes, also referred to as vacuum fluctuations. If the theory features charged particles, fluctuations of the latter give rise to nonlinear effective couplings between electromagnetic fields that vanish in the formal limit of a vanishing Planck constant, but persist for a nonzero physical value. In turn, they inherently modify Maxwell's linear theory of classical electrodynamics. However, for the field strengths reached by macroscopic electromagnetic fields currently available in the laboratory the quantum vacuum nonlinearities induced by Standard Model particles are parametrically suppressed relatively to the linear contribution by inverse powers of the electron mass and thus very small. As a consequence, this fundamental tenet has remained experimentally challenging and is yet to be tested in the laboratory. The present work is devoted to the study of quantum vacuum nonlinearities in strong electromagnetic fields arising from quantum electrodynamics. It provides a detailed account of the state of the art of analytical theory. On the one hand, it focuses on fundamental theoretical aspects concerning the structure and behavior of the Heisenberg-Euler effective action, which supersedes the classical Maxwell action in governing the physics of strong macroscopic electromagnetic fields in the quantum vacuum. On the other hand, it is concerned with questions of direct phenomenological relevance like the systematic study of photonic quantum vacuum signals accessible with state-of-the-art laser technology.
Author: Peter D. Drummond Publisher: Cambridge University Press ISBN: 1139915835 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 385
Book Description
Playing a prominent role in communications, quantum science and laser physics, quantum nonlinear optics is an increasingly important field. This book presents a self-contained treatment of field quantization and covers topics such as the canonical formalism for fields, phase-space representations and the encompassing problem of quantization of electrodynamics in linear and nonlinear media. Starting with a summary of classical nonlinear optics, it then explains in detail the calculation techniques for quantum nonlinear optical systems and their applications, quantum and classical noise sources in optical fibers and applications of nonlinear optics to quantum information science. Supplemented by end-of-chapter exercises and detailed examples of calculation techniques in different systems, this book is a valuable resource for graduate students and researchers in nonlinear optics, condensed matter physics, quantum information and atomic physics. A solid foundation in quantum mechanics and classical electrodynamics is assumed, but no prior knowledge of nonlinear optics is required.
Author: Martin Wegener Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540266887 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 225
Book Description
Following the birth of the laser in 1960, the field of "nonlinear optics" rapidly emerged. Today, laser intensities and pulse durations are readily available, for which the concepts and approximations of traditional nonlinear optics no longer apply. In this regime of "extreme nonlinear optics," a large variety of novel and unusual effects arise, for example frequency doubling in inversion symmetric materials or high-harmonic generation in gases, which can lead to attosecond electromagnetic pulses or pulse trains. Other examples of "extreme nonlinear optics" cover diverse areas such as solid-state physics, atomic physics, relativistic free electrons in a vacuum and even the vacuum itself. This book starts with an introduction to the field based primarily on extensions of two famous textbook examples, namely the Lorentz oscillator model and the Drude model. Here the level of sophistication should be accessible to any undergraduate physics student. Many graphical illustrations and examples are given. The following chapters gradually guide the student towards the current "state of the art" and provide a comprehensive overview of the field. Every chapter is accompanied by exercises to deepen the reader's understanding of important topics, with detailed solutions at the end of the book.
Author: George I. Stegeman Publisher: John Wiley & Sons ISBN: 1118266129 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 490
Book Description
Clear, integrated coverage of all aspects of nonlinear optics—phenomena, materials, and devices Coauthored by George Stegeman, one of the most highly respected pioneers of nonlinear optics—with contributions on applications from Robert Stegeman—this book covers nonlinear optics from a combined physics, optics, materials science, and devices perspective. It offers a thoroughly balanced treatment of concepts, nonlinear materials, practical aspects of nonlinear devices, and current application areas. Beginning with the presentation of a simple electron on a spring model—to help readers make the leap from concepts to applications—Nonlinear Optics gives comprehensive explanations of second-order phenomena, derivation of nonlinear susceptibilities, third-order nonlinear effects, multi-wave mixing, scattering, and more. Coverage includes: Nonlinear response of materials at the molecular level Second-order nonlinear devices, their optimization and limitations The physical origins of second- and third-order nonlinearities Typical frequency dispersion of nonlinearities, explained in terms of simple two- and three-level models Ultrafast and ultrahigh intensity processes Practice problems demonstrating the design of such nonlinear devices as frequency doublers and optical oscillators Based on more than twenty years of lectures at the College of Optics and Photonics (CREOL) at the University of Central Florida, Nonlinear Optics introduces all topics from the ground up, making the material easily accessible not only for physicists, but also for chemists and materials scientists, as well as professionals in diverse areas of optics, from laser physics to electrical engineering.
Author: Frieder Lindel Publisher: ISBN: Category : Languages : en Pages :
Book Description
Abstract: Vacuum fluctuations of the electromagnetic field associated with the ground state exist as a consequence of Heisenberg's uncertainty principle. These fluctuating fields manifest themselves indirectly through their influence on matter where they may be regarded as responsible for important processes in nature, e.g. spontaneous emission, the Lamb shift, Casimir and Casimir-Polder forces. More recently, an alternative route to observing the quantum vacuum has been developed in electro-optic sampling experiments: they are based on the output statistics of ultrashort laser pulses sent through nonlinear crystals whose optical properties are influenced by the vacuum fluctuations. In this thesis, we develop a theoretical framework based on macroscopic quantum electro- dynamics for describing the propagation of quantised electric fields through a nonlinear crystal allowing for general environments. We apply this framework to the setup of electro-optic sampling, finding a description of the experiments which extends previous theoretical results beyond the paraxial approximation and by allowing for general ab- sorptive and dispersive environments via the classical Green's tensor. We show that the predictions of our theory for electro-optic sampling experiments in bulk media are in good agreement with the experimental data, recovering previous theoretical findings in certain limits, and how these experiments can be used to individually measure longitudinal or transverse fluctuating fields. We argue that by modifying the experimental setup, one can observe different characteristics of the environment-assisted quantum vacuum such as changes induced by metallic plates and cavities or surface resonances of these objects. This makes it possible to experimentally test the theoretical predictions for the medium-assisted ground state of quantum electrodynamics and thereby forging the missing link between geometry-induced vacuum effects such as e.g. the Casimir effect and electro-optic sampling of the vacuum
Author: Howard J. Carmichael Publisher: Springer Science & Business Media ISBN: 3540713190 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 551
Book Description
This second volume of Howard Carmichael’s work continues the development of the methods used in quantum optics to treat open quantum systems and their fluctuations. Its early chapters build upon the phase-space methods introduced in Volume 1. Written on a level suitable for debut researchers or students in an advanced course in quantum optics, or a course in quantum mechanics or statistical physics that deals with open quantum systems.
Author: Felix Binder Publisher: Springer ISBN: 3319990462 Category : Science Languages : en Pages : 998
Book Description
Quantum Thermodynamics is a novel research field which explores the emergence of thermodynamics from quantum theory and addresses thermodynamic phenomena which appear in finite-size, non-equilibrium and finite-time contexts. Blending together elements from open quantum systems, statistical mechanics, quantum many-body physics, and quantum information theory, it pinpoints thermodynamic advantages and barriers emerging from genuinely quantum properties such as quantum coherence and correlations. Owing to recent experimental efforts, the field is moving quickly towards practical applications, such as nano-scale heat devices, or thermodynamically optimised protocols for emergent quantum technologies. Starting from the basics, the present volume reviews some of the most recent developments, as well as some of the most important open problems in quantum thermodynamics. The self-contained chapters provide concise and topical introductions to researchers who are new to the field. Experts will find them useful as a reference for the current state-of-the-art. In six sections the book covers topics such as quantum heat engines and refrigerators, fluctuation theorems, the emergence of thermodynamic equilibrium, thermodynamics of strongly coupled systems, as well as various information theoretic approaches including Landauer's principle and thermal operations. It concludes with a section dedicated to recent quantum thermodynamics experiments and experimental prospects on a variety of platforms ranging from cold atoms to photonic systems, and NV centres.
Author: Costantino De Angelis Publisher: CRC Press ISBN: 1351269747 Category : Technology & Engineering Languages : en Pages : 256
Book Description
This book addresses fabrication as well as characterization and modeling of semiconductor nanostructures in the optical regime, with a focus on nonlinear effects. The visible range as well as near and far infrared spectral region will be considered with a view to different envisaged applications. The book covers the current key challenges of the research in the area, including: exploiting new material platforms, fully extending the device operation into the nonlinear regime, adding re-configurability to the envisaged devices and proposing new modeling tools to help in conceiving new functionalities. • Explores several topics in the field of semiconductor nonlinear nanophotonics, including fabrication, characterization and modeling of semiconductor nanostructures in the optical regime, with a focus on nonlinear effects • Describes the research challenges in the field of optical metasurfaces in the nonlinear regime • Reviews the use and achievements of all-dielectric nanoantennas for strengthening the nonlinear optical response • Describes both theoretical and experimental aspects of photonic devices based on semiconductor optical nanoantennas and metasurfaces • Gathers contributions from several leading groups in this research field to provide a thorough and complete overview of the current state of the art in the field of semiconductor nonlinear nanophotonics Costantino De Angelis has been full professor of electromagnetic fields at the University of Brescia since 1998. He is an OSA Fellow and has been responsible for several university research contracts in the last 20 years within Europe, the United States, and Italy. His technical interests are in optical antennas and nanophotonics. He is the author of over 150 peer-reviewed scientific journal articles. Giuseppe Leo has been a full professor in physics at Paris Diderot University since 2004, and in charge of the nonlinear devices group of MPQ Laboratory since 2006. His research areas include nonlinear optics, micro- and nano-photonics, and optoelectronics, with a focus on AlGaAs platform. He has coordinated several research programs and coauthored 100 peer-reviewed journal articles, 200 conference papers, 10 book chapters and also has four patents. Dragomir Neshev is a professor in physics and the leader of the experimental photonics group in the Nonlinear Physics Centre at Australian National University (ANU). His activities span over several branches of optics, including nonlinear periodic structures, singular optics, plasmonics, and photonic metamaterials. He has coauthored 200 publications in international peer-reviewed scientific journals.
Author: Leonhard Klar
Author: Leonhard Klar
Author: Felix Karbstein
Author: Peter D. Drummond
Author: Martin Wegener
Author: George I. Stegeman
Author: Frieder Lindel
Author: Howard J. Carmichael
Author: Felix Binder
Author: 
Author: Costantino De Angelis